内容正文:
高中语法
重庆大学版高中英语语法全解
语法全解
【专题】基础词法
名词与代词专项突破
考频分析
重庆大学版高中语法中,基础词法是重点语法模块,考频占语法总量的30%左右,贯穿试卷所有
核心题型:单项选择5-7题、完形填空4-6题、语法填空3-5题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句子
完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中,基础词法的词性辨析、固定搭配及用法规则往往是解题关
键。
考查内容
名词与代词是高中英语词法的基础模块,考频占词法总量的15%左右,贯穿试卷多个核心题型:单
项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解(辅助理解,影响对指代关系
和语义逻辑的把握)。在语境应用类题目中,名词的单复数、所有格及代词的指代一致性、词性转
换往往是解题关键。
知识点一:名词与代词三大维度
1.名词分类与功能:
·可数名词与不可数名词的辨析、单复数变化规则
·名词所有格的构成与用法
2.代词分类应用:
。人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词
·不定代词(some/any,few/itle,many/much等)的辨析与句法功能
3.主谓一致:
·集合名词、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致规则
。名词单复数对谓语动词形式的影响
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高中语法
重庆大学版高中英语语法全解
知识点二:核心词类和短语搭配
1.名词(表示人、事物、地点、抽象概念的词)
1.可数名词与不可数名词
。可数名词:有单复数形式,如apple(apples)、student(students)
●不可数名词:无单复数,如water、information、advice
2.名词所有格
·结构:(I)单数名词+'s(Tom's book)(2)以s结尾的复数名词+’(the girls'toys)(3)无生命名
词用of结构(the door of the room)
·例句:
1.This is my mother'sbag.(单数名词mother加's)
2.These are the teachers'offices.(复数名词teachers以s结尾,加')
2.动词(表示动作或状态的词)
1.及物动词与不及物动词
·及物动词:后需接宾语,如eat(eat an apple)、teach(teach English)
。不及物动词:后不接宾语,如nun(He runs fast)、arrive(arrive at school)
2.系动词(连接主语和表语)
。常见系动词:be(am/is/are)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来)、
become(变得)
●例句:
l.The flowers look beautiful..(look后接形容词beautiful作表语)
2.She became a doctor in2020.(became后接名词短语a doctor作表语)
3.形容词(修饰名词,作定语或表语)
1.形容词位置
。定语:放在名词前(ared car)
。表语:放在系动词后(He is happy)
2.形容词比较级和最高级(规则变化)
。比较级:单音节词+er(tall-taller):多音节词前加more(important-more important)
●最高级:单音节词+est(tall-tallest):多音节词前加most(important-most important.)
·例句:
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高中语法
重庆大学版高中英语语法全解
1.This story is more interesting than that one.(多音节词interesting比较级加more)
2.She is the tallest girl in our class.(tall最高级加est,前加the)
4.副词(修饰动词、形容词或其他副词)
1.副词分类
●时间副词(now、yesterday)、地点副词(here、there)
·方式副词(slowly、.quickly)、程度副词(vey、quite)
2.副词位置
·修饰动词:放在动词后(He runs fast)
·修饰形容词:放在形容词前(very good)
。例句:
1.They speak English fluently..(fluently修饰动词speak,放在动词后)
2.This book is quite difficult.(quite修饰形容词difficult,放在形容词前)
5.介词(表示名词或代词与其他词的关系)
1.常用介词搭配
·时间介词:at(at8o'clock)、on(on Monday)、in(in July)
●地点介词:in(in the room)、on(on the desl)、under(under the chair)、behind(behind the door)
2.固定短语
·look at(看)、listen to(听)、wait for(等待)、be interested in(对…感兴趣)、good at(擅长)
·例句:
1.We have class from9a.m.to1la.m.(from.to.表示时间范围)
2.She is good at playing the piano.(good at后接动名词playing)
6.代词(代替名词或名词短语)
1.人称代词(主格和宾格)
。主格:作主语(I、yo、he、she、it、we、they)
。宾格:作宾语(me、you、him、her、it、us、them)
2.物主代词(形容词性和名词性)
·形容词性:后接名词(my book、his pen)
。名词性:独立使用,相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”(mine=my book,hers=her pen)
。例句:
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高中语法
重庆大学版高中英语语法全解
l.He gave me a gift.(he是主格作主语,me是宾格作宾语)
2.This is her bag.That one is mine.(her是形容词性物主代词,mine是名词性物主代词)
7.短语动词(动词+介词/副词构成的固定搭配)
1.动词+介词(后接宾语)
●look for(寻找)、ask for(请求)、depend on(依靠)、care about(关心)
2.动词+副词(宾语是代词时放中间)
。put up(张贴,put it up)、take of(脱下,take them off)、give away(赠送,give away the books/
give them away)
·例句:
1.I'm looking for my lost keys.(look for后接宾语my lost keys)
2.Please take off your shoes before entering.(take off后接名词your shoes)
知识点三:情态动词
1.can/could(能/会/可以)
1.表示能力→例句:She can speak three languages.
2.表示许可→例句:Can I borrow your pen?
3.表示请求→例句:Could you please help me?(语气更委婉)
4.否定形式can't/couldn't一→例句:Ican't swim fast
5.推测用法(否定推测)→例句:It can't be true.
2.may/might(可以/可能)
l.表示许可→例句:May I come in?
2.表示可能性→例句:It may rain tomorrow:
3.否定形式may not/might not-→例句:You may not park here.
4.委婉请求→例句:Might I use your phone?
5.推测用法(可能性低于may)→例句:He might be at home.
3.must/have to(必须/不得不)
1.表示必须(主观)→例句:You must finish your homework first.
2.表示不得不(客观)→例句:I have to go to the doctor today.
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高中语法
重庆大学版高中英语语法全解
3.否定形式nustn't(禁止)→例句:You mustn't smoke here.
4.have to的否定don't have to(不必)→例句:You don't have to come early.
5.推测用法(肯定推测)→例句:He must be in the classroom.
4.should/ought to(应该)
1.表示建议→例句:You should study hard,
2.表示责任义务→例句:We should help others..
3.否定形式shouldn't/oughtn'tto→例句:You shouldn't be late.
4.ought to的搭配一例句:You ought to follow the rules.
5.推测用法(理应)→例句:Ie should be here by now.
考法精析
考法一:名词单复数及不可数名词用法
核心:区分可数名词复数变化规则及不可数名词的计量表达,结合语境判断名词形式
真题1(语法填空):
There are two _(library)in our school.Many students read books there after class.
答案:libraries
解析:由数词two”可知,此处需用可数名词复数:library以辅音字母+y结尾,变复数需改y为i
加es,故填libraries。
真题2(单项选择):
Would you like some?I just made it this morning.
A.apple B.waters C.bread D.egg
答案:C
解析:some可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词。A、D为可数名词单数,排除;B项water为不可
数名词,无复数形式:C项bread为不可数名词,符合题意。
考法二:名词、代词与主谓一致的综合应用
核心:结合名词单复数、代词分类及主谓一致规则,在语境中判断语法正确性
真题1(单项选择):
Some of the studentsfrom the countryside.Theyvery hard.
A.is;study B.are;studies C.are;study D.is;studies
答案:C
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高中语法
重庆大学版高中英语语法全解
解析:第一句主语“Some of the students”中“students”为可数名词复数,谓语动词用are;第二句
主语“They”为第三人称复数,谓语动词用原形sudy。
真题2(语法填空):
This ismy sister's bag.-(it)isred and-(she)has many books in_(it).The books_(be)very
interesting
答案:It,she,it,are
解析:第一空指代前文“bag”用主格It:第二空作主语用主格she:第三空作介词in的宾语用宾格
it:第四句主语“books”为复数,be动词用are。
考法三:名词、代词与名词性从句的综合运用
核心:结合名词的数、代词的格及指代一致性,分析名词性从句中连接词的选择与成分搭配
真题1(单项选择):
-surprised us most was-the team leader made a promise-they would finish the project in a week.
A.What;that;that B.That;what;which C.Which;that;what D.What;which;that
答案:A
解析:第一空为主语从句,从句中缺少主语,用wht表示“所…的事”:第二空为表语从句,连
接词that无意义且不充当成分:第三空为同位语从句,解释promise的具体内容,用that引导(抽
象名词promise后的同位语从句需用that连接)。
真题2(语法填空):
The students discussed(they)opinions about-made the story so moving.Some thought it was the love
between the characters,while others believed it was_the author described the details.
答案:their,what;how
解析:第一空用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词opinions;第二空为宾语从句,从句中缺少主语,
用what表示“…的内容”;第三空为表语从句,从句中缺少方式状语,用how表示“如何”。
解题小妙招
名词代词妙招
可数名词看数量,复数变化有规则:辅音加y改i加es,直接加s最常见。
不可数名无复数,计量需用“数词+量词+of”;some后接复或不可,单一名词要排除。
名词性从句看成分,缺主宾表用what:同位语从句用that,抽象名词常伴随。
代词格分形容名,形代修饰名,名代可独立:指代一致要注意,人称数格需统一。
真题演练
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高中语法
重庆大学版高中英语语法全解
名词与代词综合练习
演练一:单项选择
1.There are many_in the park.
A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens
2.book is this?It's not mine.
A.Who B.Whom C.Whose D.Which
演练二:语法填空
1.The(teacher)office is on the third floor.
2.She gave (I)a gift yesterday.
演练三:句子改错
1.Each of the students have their own desk
2.The news are very exciting.
答案区
演练-:1.C2.C
演练二:1.teacher's2.me
演练三:1.have→has2.are→is
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