核心时态与语态2-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 核心时态与语态 语法专项突破 考频分析 重庆大学版高中语法中，核心时态与语态是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%-20%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子逻辑性与表达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，时态的时间状语提示、语态的主谓关系判 断及语境中的时态呼应往往是解题关键。 考查内容 完成时态是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单 项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确性 与逻辑连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，完成时态的时间标志词、动作先后关系及与其他时态的区分 往往是解题关键。 知识点一：高中对完成时态的考察聚焦三大维度 1.现在完成时： 。基本结构(have/has+过去分词) 。时间标志词(for,since,already,yet等)与未完成性、影响性语境的匹配 2.过去完成时： ·基本结构(had+过去分词) 。“过去的过去”时间关系判定 。与一般过去时的语境辨析 3.现在完成进行时： ·基本结构(have/has been+现在分词) 。动作持续性与未完成性的表达 ·与现在完成时的功能差异 1 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点二：时态与语态的特殊用法及易错点 1.主动表被动的常见情况： ◆感官动词(look,sound,smell,taste,feel)+adj, 例句： (1)The flower smells sweet. (2)This cloth feels soft. ·不及物动词(happen,take place,occur,break out)无被动语态 例句： (1)The accident happened yesterday. (2)The meeting will take place next Monday 2.时态的时间交叉与区分： 。一般过去时Vs现在完成时 时间标志对比： -一般过去时：yesterday,.last week -现在完成时：since2020,for3 years 例句对比： (1)He lived here in 2010. (2)He has lived here since 2010. ·过去进行时vs一般过去时 动作关系： -过去进行时：过去某时刻正在进行的动作（长动作） ·一般过去时：过去某时刻发生的短暂动作（短动作） 例句： (1)I was cooking when the doorbell rang. 3.被动语态的特殊结构： ·情态动词+be+过去分词 结构：主语+can/may/must/.should+be+动词过去分词 例句： (1)This work must be finished today. (2)The book can be borrowed from the library. ·双宾语被动语态 例句： (1)He gave me a pen.-I was given a pen by him. -A pen was given to me by him 4.现在完成时与一般将来时的时间状语混淆： 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·since与in的区分： -since+时间点：He has studied English since20l8. -in+时间段：He will study English in2 years. ●for与ago的区分： -for+时间段：They have waited for2 hours. -时间段+ago:They waited2 hours ago. 知识点三：核心时态与语态 1.一般现在时： 。基础用法拓展： (1)表示经常性/习惯性动作→She gets up at6:30 every morning. (2)表示客观真理/事实→The earth goes around the sun (3)表示现阶段状态→He works in a hospital 口主将从现→If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home 口按时刻表发生的动作→The train leaves at8:00a.m 。标志词总结： always,usually,often,sometimes,never-They usually play football on weekends every day/week/month/year-We have English class every day. once a week,twice a month-She visits her grandparents once a week 2.一般过去时： 。基础用法拓展： (I)表示过去某时发生的动作/状态→HIe went to Beijing last summer. (2)表示过去经常性/习惯性动作→I often walked to school when I was young: (3)描述过去连续发生的动作→She got up,brushed her teeth and had breakfast. ·标志词总结： yesterday,the day before yesterday-We watched a movie yesterday. last week/month/year,in 2020-He joined the club last month. ago (two days ago,three years ago)-They moved here five years ago. just now(刚才)→She called you just now. 3.一般将来时： ·基础用法拓展： (1)will+动词原形→It will rain tomorrow. (2)be going to+动词原形→I am going to learn to swim this summer. (3)be+to do-The meeting is to start at 9:00 a.m. ·标志词总结： tomorrow,the day after tomorrow-We will have a picnic the day after tomorrow. 3 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 next week/month/year-They are going to travel next month in+时间段(in three days,in2025)→He will finish the work in two hours. 4.现在完成时： 。基础用法拓展： (I)表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作一I have lived here for five years. (2)表示过去发生对现在有影响的动作一→She has already finished her homework. (3)表示过去到现在反复发生的动作→Ie has visited Paris three times. 。标志词总结： already,yet,just,ever,never-Have you ever been to Shanghai? for+时间段→They have known each other for ten years.. since+时间点→We have studied English since20l9 so far,up to now-He has made great progress so far. 5.被动语态基本结构： 。基础时态被动式： (I)一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词→English is spoken all over the world. (2)一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词→The bridge was built in20l0 (3)一般将来时被动：will be+过去分词一→The book will be published next month. 口现在完成时被动：have/has been+过去分词→The work has been finished, ·特殊结构被动： (I)情态动词+be+过去分词→This book can be read in the library. (2)主动表被动（感官动词/系动词）→The cloth feels soft./The food tastes good. 考法精析 考法一：完成时态基本结构判断 核心：根据不同完成时态（现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时）的定义，识别正确的语法结构 形式 真题1（语法填空）： By the end of next year,we_(learn)2000 English words. 答案：will have learned 解析：由时间标志词“By the end of next year”可知，动作将在将来某时间点前完成，用将来完成 时；结构为“will have+过去分词”，leam的过去分词为learned。. 真题2（单项选择）： She told me that shethe movie twice before. A.has seen B.had seen C.will see D.saw 答案：B 解析：主句“told”为过去时，从句动作“看电影”发生在主句动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过 去完成时，结构为“had+过去分词”，see的过去分词为seen。 4 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法二：完成时态与被动语态的综合应用 核心：结合完成时态的时间关系（现在完成时/过去完成时）、被动语态结构(b+过去分词)及语 境中动作的被动关系判定 真题1（单项选择）： The project_by the workers for three months and it will be finished next week. A.has built B.has been built C.was built D.built 答案：B 解析：主语“the project'”是动作“build'”的承受者，需用被动语态；由时间标志词“for three months” 可知，强调动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时被动语态，结构为“has been-+过去分词”，build 的过去分词为built。 真题2（语法填空)： By the time we arrived,the meeting(already hold)so we missed the opening speech. 答案：had already been held 解析：主语“the meeting”是动作“hold”的承受者，用被动语态；“by the time+过去时从句”表示 “到过去某时为止”，主句需用过去完成时，结构为“had been-+过去分词”，hold的过去分词为held。 考法三：完成时态的综合运用与语境判断 核心：结合时态呼应规则、特殊用法及被动语态，根据语境判断动作的时间关联、主被动关系及结 果影响，综合运用现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时 真题1（单项选择)： By the time you arrive tomorrow,we_the project,and all the materials_to the warehouse already. A.will finish;have been sent B.will have finished;will be sent C.will have finished;will have been sent D.have finished;will have been sent 答案：C 解析：第一空“by the time+将来时间状语从句”(you arrive tomorrow),主句用将来完成时(will have finished):第二空“already”强调动作已完成，且“materials”与“send”为被动关系，结合语 境“到明天到达时材料已被送到”，用将来完成时被动语态(will have been sent)。 真题2（语法填空)： Scientists reported that they_(discover)a new energy source by the end of last year,and this finding_ (pay)great attention to since then. 答案：had discovered;has been paid 解析：第一空主句“reported”为过去时，宾语从句中“by the end of last year”表示“过去的过去”， 用过去完成时(had discovered):第二空“since then”为现在完成时标志，“finding”与“pay attention to”为被动关系，短语动词被动语态保留介词“to”,故填“has been paid”。 解题小妙招 5 高中语法重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 三时标志要记牢，by+将来用将完，by+过去用过完，since/for现完见： 现在完成has/have+done,过去完成had+done跟，将来完成will have+-done真； 被动结构be+done,完成被动be前have/has/had添； 主从时态要呼应，过去之前用过完，将来之前将完选： 语境判断看影响，结果持续现完连，综合运用需灵活，主被动关系先分辨。 真题演练 完成时态妙招 三时标志要记牢，by+将来用将完，by叶过去用过完，since/for现完见： 现在完成has/have+done,过去完成had+done跟，将来完成will have+done真； 被动结构be+done,完成被动be前have/has/had添； 主从时态要呼应，过去之前用过完，将来之前将完选： 语境判断看影响，结果持续现完连，综合运用需灵活，主被动关系先分辨。 6