内容正文:
高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
非谓语动词全解
语法专版
【专题】非谓语动词
高中语法专项突破
考频分析
重庆大学版高中语法中,非谓语动词是重点语法模块,考频占语法总量的15%左右,贯穿试卷所
有核心题型:单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句
子结构与表达丰富性。在语境理解类题目中,非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及句法功能往往是
解题关键。
考查内容
分词是高中英语词法的重要模块,考频占词法总量的15%左右,贯穿试卷多个核心题型:单项选
择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达(辅助考察,影响句子表达的丰富
性与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中,分词的主动与被动形式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别往
往是解题关键。
知识点一:分词核心用法
高中对分词doing/done的考察聚焦三大维度,覆盖基础用法与语境应用:
·分词形式与意义辨析:现在分词doing表主动/进行,过去分词done表被动/完成的核心区别
·句法功能应用:作定语(前置/后置定语的选择)、状语(时间、原因、伴随、结果等语境)、表
语(与进行时/被动语态的区分)、宾语补足语(感官动词/使役动词后的搭配)
·特殊结构与固定搭配:独立主格结构(逻辑主语+分词、with复合结构(with+宾语+分词)、
分词短语作插入语的用法
知识点二:非谓语动词的形式与用法
1.动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、未完成)
高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
非谓语动词全解
(1)基本结构
to+动词原形(否定式:not to+动词原形)
(2)功能及例句
·作主语(常用t作形式主语)
例句:
1.To learn English well is important.(真正主语to learn English well)
2.It is necessary to finish homework on time.(it作形式主语,真正主语to finish homework on
time)
·作宾语(跟在want,hope,decide等动词后)
例句:
l.She wants to buy a new bike.(to buy作want的宾语)
2.He decided not to go there alone.(not to go作decide的宾语,否定式)
·作目的状语(位于句首或句末,表“为了…”)
例句:
1.To catch the early bus,,he got up at6a.m.(句首表目的)
2.They went to the library to read books.(句末表目的)
·作宾语补足语(跟在ask,tell,,want等动词后,构成“动词+宾语+todo”)
例句:
1.My mother told me to clean my room.(me是宾语,to clean作宾语补足语)
2.The teacher asked us not to talk in class.(not to talk作宾语补足语,否定式)
2.动名词(doing)(表主动、进行、抽象概念)
(1)基本结构
动词原形+-ing(否定式:not+doing)
(2)功能及例句
·作主语(表抽象动作或习惯性行为)
2
高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
非谓语动词全解
例句:
1.Swimming is good for health.(swimming表抽象动作)
2.Reading books makes him happy.(reading表习惯性行为)
·作宾语(跟在enjoy,.finish,practice,mind等动词后)
例句:
l.He enjoys playing basketball.(playing作enjoy的宾语)
2.They finished doing homework at9pm.(doing作finish的宾语)
·作表语(说明主语的性质或内容)
例句:
1.Her hobby is singing.(singing说明主语hobby的内容)
2.My favorite sport is running.(unning说明主语sport的内容)
·作定语(修饰名词,表用途或性质)
例句:
1.There is a swimming pool in our school.(swimming修饰pool,表用途“用于游泳的”)
2.This is a reading room.(reading修饰room,表用途“用于阅读的”)
3.现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done)
(1)现在分词(doing):表主动、正在进行
·作定语(修饰名词,与被修饰词是主动关系)
例句:
1.The girl singing in the room is my sister.(singing与girl是主动关系,“正在唱歌的女孩”)
2.I saw a dog running after a cat.(unning与dog是主动关系,“正在追猫的狗")
·作状语(表伴随、原因、结果等,与句子主语是主动关系)
例句:
1.He sat on the sofa,.watching TV.(watching表伴随动作,与he是主动关系)
2.Being late,.he missed the first class.(being late表原因,与he是主动关系)
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高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
非谓语动词全解
(②)过去分词(done):表被动、已完成
·作定语(修饰名词,与被修饰词是被动关系)
例句:
l.The broken window was repaired yesterday.(broken与window是被动关系,“被打破的窗
户”)
2.I have a book written by Lu Xun.(written与book是被动关系,“被鲁迅写的书")
·作状语(表伴随、原因、条件等,与句子主语是被动关系)
例句:
l.Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful.(seen与city是被动关系,“从山上被看”)
2.Encouraged by his parents,he worked harder.(encouraged与he是被动关系,“被父母鼓
励”)
4.分词作宾语补足语
(1)现在分词作宾补:表主动、正在进行(与宾语是主动关系)
例句:
1.I heard her singing in the room.(singing与her是主动关系,“她正在唱歌”)
2.We saw the children playing games.(playing与children是主动关系,“孩子们正在玩游戏”)
(2)过去分词作宾补:表被动、已完成(与宾语是被动关系)
例句:
l.I found my bike stolen.(stolen与bike是被动关系,“自行车被偷了”)
2.He had his hair cut yesterday.(cut与hair是被动关系,“头发被剪了”)
知识点三:非谓语动词搭配
1.tod0(不定式)
基础搭配拓展(中考必背):
·prepare to do(准备做)→例句:They prepare to have a picnic next Sunday..
4
高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
非谓语动词全解
·promise to do(承诺做)→例句:He promises to help me with my math,
·choose to do(选择做)一→例句:She chooses to study art in college..
·afford to do(负担得起做)→例句:We can't afford to buy a new car now.
·seem to do(似乎做)→例句:He seems to know the answer.
·fail to do(未能做)→例句:I failed to pass the exam last time.
·help sb.todo(帮助某人做)→例句:My sister helps me to wash clothes..
·wish to do(希望做)→例句:I wish to travel around the world.
·offer to do(主动提出做)→例句:He offers to carry the heavy box for me..
·refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句:She refuses to talk to him
特殊结构搭配(中考易错):
·ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句:The teacher asks us not to be late.
·tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)例句:My parents tell me not to play computer games too
much.
·It takes sb.some time to do(做某事花费某人多长时间)→例句:It takes me an hour to finish
my homework.
2.doing(动名词/现在分词)
基础搭配拓展(中考必背):
·miss doing(错过做)→例句:I missed seeing the movie last night.
·dislike doing(不喜欢做)→例句:She dislikes eating spicy food.
·consider doing(考虑做)→例句:They consider moving to a new city:
·delay doing(推迟做)→例句:He delays finishing the project
·imagine doing(想象做)→例句:Can you imagine flying in the sky?
·allow doing(允许做)→例句:The school allows playing basketball after class.
·forbid doing(禁止做)→例句:Smoking is forbidden here
·mention doing(提到做)→例句:He mentioned going to the park.
·risk doing(冒险做)→例句:He risks climbing the high mountain.
高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
非谓语动词全解
·appreciate doing(感激做)→例句:I appreciate helping me..
固定短语搭配(中考常考):
·be busy doing(忙于做)→例句:She is busy preparing for the exam.
·feel like doing(想要做)→例句:I feel like eating ice cream now.
·can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句:She can't help laughing when she hears the joke.
3.done(过去分词)
作定语(中考核心):
·a broken cup(一个破碎的杯子)→例句:There is a broken cup on the table
·the lost keys(丢失的钥匙)→例句:Ican't find the lost keys.
·a written report(一份写好的报告)一例句:He has finished the written report.
·the stolen bike(被偷的自行车)→例句:The police found the stolen bike.
作表语(中考常考):
·be interested(感兴趣的)→例句:We are interested in the story
·be surprised(惊讶的)一例句:She is surprised to see him here
·be excited(兴奋的)一例句:They are excited about the news.
·be bored(无聊的)→例句:I am bored with this book.
作宾补(中考易错):
·have sth.done(使某物被做)→例句:I have my hair cut.
·get sth.done(使某物被做)→例句:She gets her car repaired.
·see sth.done(看见某物被做)→例句:We saw the house painted white,
·hear sth.done(听见某物被做)→例句:I heard the song sung in English
考法精析
考法一:分词作定语用法辨析
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高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
非谓语动词全解
核心:根据被修饰名词与分词的逻辑关系(主动/被动、进行完成),选择正确的现在分词或过去
分词作定语
真题1(语法填空):
The _(fall)leaves covered the ground in autumn.
答案:falling
解析:leaves(树叶)与fall(落下)是主动关系,且表示“正在落下的”,用现在分词falling作定语。
真题2(单项选择):
We should help thepeople after the earthquake
A.injuring B.injured C.injure D.to injure
答案:B
解析:people(人)与injure(伤害)是被动关系,表示“受伤的人们”,用过去分词injured作定语:
A项现在分词表主动,不符合逻辑:C、D为动词原形和不定式,不能直接作定语。
考法二:分词作状语与独立主格结构辨析
核心:结合语境判断分词与逻辑主语的关系(主动/被动),区分独立主格结构(分词有独立逻辑主
语)与分词作状语(逻辑主语为主句主语),并正确选择现在分词(doing)或过去分词(done)
真题1(单项选择):
-the homework,he went out to play basketball.
A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.His homework finished
答案:D
解析:句中“he”是主句主语,而“完成作业”的逻辑主语是“homework”,与主句主语不
一致,需用独立主格结构,即“逻辑主语(His homework)+过去分词(finished)”,表示
“作业被完成后”。A、B、C项为分词作状语,要求逻辑主语与主句主语一致,此处“he”与
“finish homework”为主谓关系,但“Having finished”强调动作先于主句动作发生,若选此项
则逻辑主语为“he”,句子应为“Having finished the homework,he went out.”,原句缺少宾语,故排除。
真题2(语法填空):
The teacher came into the classroom,_(follow)by some students.
答案:followed
解析:分词作伴随状语,逻辑主语是主句主语“the teacher”,“老师”与“跟随”之间是被动关系
(老师被学生跟随),故用过去分词followed。此处分词动作由主句主语承受,无需独立主格结构。
考法三:分词用法综合辨析
核心:结合语境判断分词形式(现在分词/过去分词),区分分词作定语、状语及独立主格结构的用
法差异
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高中重庆大学版
【语法专版】
非谓语动词全解
真题1(单项选择):
-the morning news,many people were reported to be homeless after the earthquake.
A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen
答案:B
解析:句中分词短语作状语,逻辑主语是“many people”,与“see”构成被动关系(人们被新闻报
道),故用过去分词“Seen”;A项“Seeing”表主动关系,C项不定式表目的,D项现在分词完成
式强调动作先于主句,均不符合语境。
真题2(语法填空):
The girl_(stand)at the door is my cousin.She came here_(hold)a bunch of flowers,and her eyes
(fill)with joy.
答案:standing;holding;filled
解析:第一空“stand'”与“the girl”是主动关系,作定语用现在分词standing:第二空“hold”与主
句主语“she”是主动关系,作伴随状语用现在分词holding:第三空“fil”与“her eyes”是被动关
系(眼睛被喜悦充满),用过去分词filled构成独立主格结构(逻辑主语her eyes与主句主语she不
一致)。
解题小妙招
分词作定妙招
名词分词有关系,主动进行用现分:
被动完成用过分,定从转换更清晰。
分词作状妙招
分词作状找主语,主句主语是逻辑:
主动关系用现分,被动关系用过分:
动作先后要注意,完成形式having done''。
独立主格妙招
逻辑主语不一致,独立主格来分离:
名词代词加分词,主动现分被动过:
句中作用表状态,逗号隔开莫忘记。
综合辨析妙招
定状主格细辨析,先看名词还是句:
名词之前是定语,句首句末多状语:
逻辑主语不一致,独立主格来救急:
主动被动看关系,现在过去分仔细。
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