非谓语动词3-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解(重大版)

2026-02-10
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 -
章节 -
类型 学案
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-新授课
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
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地区(区县) -
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发布时间 2026-02-10
更新时间 2026-02-10
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高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法专版 【专题】非谓语动词 高中语法专项突破 考频分析 重庆大学版高中语法中,非谓语动词是重点语法模块,考频占语法总量的15%左右,贯穿试卷所 有核心题型:单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察直接影响句 子结构与表达丰富性。在语境理解类题目中,非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及句法功能往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 分词是高中英语词法的重要模块,考频占词法总量的15%左右,贯穿试卷多个核心题型:单项选 择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达(辅助考察,影响句子表达的丰富 性与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中,分词的主动与被动形式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别往 往是解题关键。 知识点一:分词核心用法 高中对分词doing/done的考察聚焦三大维度,覆盖基础用法与语境应用: ·分词形式与意义辨析:现在分词doing表主动/进行,过去分词done表被动/完成的核心区别 ·句法功能应用:作定语(前置/后置定语的选择)、状语(时间、原因、伴随、结果等语境)、表 语(与进行时/被动语态的区分)、宾语补足语(感官动词/使役动词后的搭配) ·特殊结构与固定搭配:独立主格结构(逻辑主语+分词、with复合结构(with+宾语+分词)、 分词短语作插入语的用法 知识点二:非谓语动词的形式与用法 1.动词不定式(todo)(表目的、将来、未完成) 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 (1)基本结构 to+动词原形(否定式:not to+动词原形) (2)功能及例句 ·作主语(常用t作形式主语) 例句: 1.To learn English well is important.(真正主语to learn English well) 2.It is necessary to finish homework on time.(it作形式主语,真正主语to finish homework on time) ·作宾语(跟在want,hope,decide等动词后) 例句: l.She wants to buy a new bike.(to buy作want的宾语) 2.He decided not to go there alone.(not to go作decide的宾语,否定式) ·作目的状语(位于句首或句末,表“为了…”) 例句: 1.To catch the early bus,,he got up at6a.m.(句首表目的) 2.They went to the library to read books.(句末表目的) ·作宾语补足语(跟在ask,tell,,want等动词后,构成“动词+宾语+todo”) 例句: 1.My mother told me to clean my room.(me是宾语,to clean作宾语补足语) 2.The teacher asked us not to talk in class.(not to talk作宾语补足语,否定式) 2.动名词(doing)(表主动、进行、抽象概念) (1)基本结构 动词原形+-ing(否定式:not+doing) (2)功能及例句 ·作主语(表抽象动作或习惯性行为) 2 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 例句: 1.Swimming is good for health.(swimming表抽象动作) 2.Reading books makes him happy.(reading表习惯性行为) ·作宾语(跟在enjoy,.finish,practice,mind等动词后) 例句: l.He enjoys playing basketball.(playing作enjoy的宾语) 2.They finished doing homework at9pm.(doing作finish的宾语) ·作表语(说明主语的性质或内容) 例句: 1.Her hobby is singing.(singing说明主语hobby的内容) 2.My favorite sport is running.(unning说明主语sport的内容) ·作定语(修饰名词,表用途或性质) 例句: 1.There is a swimming pool in our school.(swimming修饰pool,表用途“用于游泳的”) 2.This is a reading room.(reading修饰room,表用途“用于阅读的”) 3.现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done) (1)现在分词(doing):表主动、正在进行 ·作定语(修饰名词,与被修饰词是主动关系) 例句: 1.The girl singing in the room is my sister.(singing与girl是主动关系,“正在唱歌的女孩”) 2.I saw a dog running after a cat.(unning与dog是主动关系,“正在追猫的狗") ·作状语(表伴随、原因、结果等,与句子主语是主动关系) 例句: 1.He sat on the sofa,.watching TV.(watching表伴随动作,与he是主动关系) 2.Being late,.he missed the first class.(being late表原因,与he是主动关系) 3 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 (②)过去分词(done):表被动、已完成 ·作定语(修饰名词,与被修饰词是被动关系) 例句: l.The broken window was repaired yesterday.(broken与window是被动关系,“被打破的窗 户”) 2.I have a book written by Lu Xun.(written与book是被动关系,“被鲁迅写的书") ·作状语(表伴随、原因、条件等,与句子主语是被动关系) 例句: l.Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful.(seen与city是被动关系,“从山上被看”) 2.Encouraged by his parents,he worked harder.(encouraged与he是被动关系,“被父母鼓 励”) 4.分词作宾语补足语 (1)现在分词作宾补:表主动、正在进行(与宾语是主动关系) 例句: 1.I heard her singing in the room.(singing与her是主动关系,“她正在唱歌”) 2.We saw the children playing games.(playing与children是主动关系,“孩子们正在玩游戏”) (2)过去分词作宾补:表被动、已完成(与宾语是被动关系) 例句: l.I found my bike stolen.(stolen与bike是被动关系,“自行车被偷了”) 2.He had his hair cut yesterday.(cut与hair是被动关系,“头发被剪了”) 知识点三:非谓语动词搭配 1.tod0(不定式) 基础搭配拓展(中考必背): ·prepare to do(准备做)→例句:They prepare to have a picnic next Sunday.. 4 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 ·promise to do(承诺做)→例句:He promises to help me with my math, ·choose to do(选择做)一→例句:She chooses to study art in college.. ·afford to do(负担得起做)→例句:We can't afford to buy a new car now. ·seem to do(似乎做)→例句:He seems to know the answer. ·fail to do(未能做)→例句:I failed to pass the exam last time. ·help sb.todo(帮助某人做)→例句:My sister helps me to wash clothes.. ·wish to do(希望做)→例句:I wish to travel around the world. ·offer to do(主动提出做)→例句:He offers to carry the heavy box for me.. ·refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句:She refuses to talk to him 特殊结构搭配(中考易错): ·ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句:The teacher asks us not to be late. ·tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)例句:My parents tell me not to play computer games too much. ·It takes sb.some time to do(做某事花费某人多长时间)→例句:It takes me an hour to finish my homework. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 基础搭配拓展(中考必背): ·miss doing(错过做)→例句:I missed seeing the movie last night. ·dislike doing(不喜欢做)→例句:She dislikes eating spicy food. ·consider doing(考虑做)→例句:They consider moving to a new city: ·delay doing(推迟做)→例句:He delays finishing the project ·imagine doing(想象做)→例句:Can you imagine flying in the sky? ·allow doing(允许做)→例句:The school allows playing basketball after class. ·forbid doing(禁止做)→例句:Smoking is forbidden here ·mention doing(提到做)→例句:He mentioned going to the park. ·risk doing(冒险做)→例句:He risks climbing the high mountain. 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 ·appreciate doing(感激做)→例句:I appreciate helping me.. 固定短语搭配(中考常考): ·be busy doing(忙于做)→例句:She is busy preparing for the exam. ·feel like doing(想要做)→例句:I feel like eating ice cream now. ·can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句:She can't help laughing when she hears the joke. 3.done(过去分词) 作定语(中考核心): ·a broken cup(一个破碎的杯子)→例句:There is a broken cup on the table ·the lost keys(丢失的钥匙)→例句:Ican't find the lost keys. ·a written report(一份写好的报告)一例句:He has finished the written report. ·the stolen bike(被偷的自行车)→例句:The police found the stolen bike. 作表语(中考常考): ·be interested(感兴趣的)→例句:We are interested in the story ·be surprised(惊讶的)一例句:She is surprised to see him here ·be excited(兴奋的)一例句:They are excited about the news. ·be bored(无聊的)→例句:I am bored with this book. 作宾补(中考易错): ·have sth.done(使某物被做)→例句:I have my hair cut. ·get sth.done(使某物被做)→例句:She gets her car repaired. ·see sth.done(看见某物被做)→例句:We saw the house painted white, ·hear sth.done(听见某物被做)→例句:I heard the song sung in English 考法精析 考法一:分词作定语用法辨析 6 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 核心:根据被修饰名词与分词的逻辑关系(主动/被动、进行完成),选择正确的现在分词或过去 分词作定语 真题1(语法填空): The _(fall)leaves covered the ground in autumn. 答案:falling 解析:leaves(树叶)与fall(落下)是主动关系,且表示“正在落下的”,用现在分词falling作定语。 真题2(单项选择): We should help thepeople after the earthquake A.injuring B.injured C.injure D.to injure 答案:B 解析:people(人)与injure(伤害)是被动关系,表示“受伤的人们”,用过去分词injured作定语: A项现在分词表主动,不符合逻辑:C、D为动词原形和不定式,不能直接作定语。 考法二:分词作状语与独立主格结构辨析 核心:结合语境判断分词与逻辑主语的关系(主动/被动),区分独立主格结构(分词有独立逻辑主 语)与分词作状语(逻辑主语为主句主语),并正确选择现在分词(doing)或过去分词(done) 真题1(单项选择): -the homework,he went out to play basketball. A.Finishing B.Finished C.Having finished D.His homework finished 答案:D 解析:句中“he”是主句主语,而“完成作业”的逻辑主语是“homework”,与主句主语不 一致,需用独立主格结构,即“逻辑主语(His homework)+过去分词(finished)”,表示 “作业被完成后”。A、B、C项为分词作状语,要求逻辑主语与主句主语一致,此处“he”与 “finish homework”为主谓关系,但“Having finished”强调动作先于主句动作发生,若选此项 则逻辑主语为“he”,句子应为“Having finished the homework,he went out.”,原句缺少宾语,故排除。 真题2(语法填空): The teacher came into the classroom,_(follow)by some students. 答案:followed 解析:分词作伴随状语,逻辑主语是主句主语“the teacher”,“老师”与“跟随”之间是被动关系 (老师被学生跟随),故用过去分词followed。此处分词动作由主句主语承受,无需独立主格结构。 考法三:分词用法综合辨析 核心:结合语境判断分词形式(现在分词/过去分词),区分分词作定语、状语及独立主格结构的用 法差异 7 高中重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 真题1(单项选择): -the morning news,many people were reported to be homeless after the earthquake. A.Seeing B.Seen C.To see D.Having seen 答案:B 解析:句中分词短语作状语,逻辑主语是“many people”,与“see”构成被动关系(人们被新闻报 道),故用过去分词“Seen”;A项“Seeing”表主动关系,C项不定式表目的,D项现在分词完成 式强调动作先于主句,均不符合语境。 真题2(语法填空): The girl_(stand)at the door is my cousin.She came here_(hold)a bunch of flowers,and her eyes (fill)with joy. 答案:standing;holding;filled 解析:第一空“stand'”与“the girl”是主动关系,作定语用现在分词standing:第二空“hold”与主 句主语“she”是主动关系,作伴随状语用现在分词holding:第三空“fil”与“her eyes”是被动关 系(眼睛被喜悦充满),用过去分词filled构成独立主格结构(逻辑主语her eyes与主句主语she不 一致)。 解题小妙招 分词作定妙招 名词分词有关系,主动进行用现分: 被动完成用过分,定从转换更清晰。 分词作状妙招 分词作状找主语,主句主语是逻辑: 主动关系用现分,被动关系用过分: 动作先后要注意,完成形式having done''。 独立主格妙招 逻辑主语不一致,独立主格来分离: 名词代词加分词,主动现分被动过: 句中作用表状态,逗号隔开莫忘记。 综合辨析妙招 定状主格细辨析,先看名词还是句: 名词之前是定语,句首句末多状语: 逻辑主语不一致,独立主格来救急: 主动被动看关系,现在过去分仔细。 P

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非谓语动词3-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解(重大版)
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非谓语动词3-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解(重大版)
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非谓语动词3-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解(重大版)
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非谓语动词3-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解(重大版)
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