内容正文:
高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
寒假专版
【专题】非谓语动词
语法专项突破
考频分析
高中语法中,非谓语动词是重点语法模块,考频占语法总量的15%左右,贯穿试卷所有核心题型:
单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-4题)、书面表达(核心考察,直接影响句子
结构与表达丰富性)。在语境理解类题目中,非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及句法功能往往是
解题关键。
考查内容
。动名词dog:考频占词法总量的10%左右,涉及试卷多个核心题型:单项选择1-2题、完形填空
1-2题、语法填空23题、书面表达核心考察,直接影响句子结构的多样性与表达的准确性。在语
境理解类题目中,动名词作主语、宾语、表语及定语的用法往往是解题关键。
知识点一:动名词doing
1.基本句法功能:作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语的结构特征与用法辨析
2.固定搭配与语境:动词后接doing作宾语的固定搭配(如enjoy,avoid,,suggest等),介词后接doing
的常见结构
3.与不定式todo的对比:在特定动词后的用法差异(如remember,.forget,stop等),逻辑主语的表达
形式(名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+doing)
知识点二:非谓语动词的基本形式及用法
1.动词不定式(to+动词原形)
。功能:作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语
·结构:to+动词原形(否定式:not to+动词原形)
·例句:
高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
1.To learn English well is important..(作主语,表示具体动作)
2.He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语,跟在want后)
3.Her dream is to be a doctor.(作表语,说明主语内容)
4.I have a lot of homework to do..(作定语,修饰homework)
5.She went to the store to buy milk.(作目的状语,表“为了”)
2.动名词(动词+ing形式,具有名词性质)
·功能:作主语、宾语、表语
·结构:动词+ing(否定式:not+动词+ing)
·例句:
1.Swimming is good for health.(作主语,表抽象概念)
2.He enjoys playing football.(作宾语,跟在enjoy后)
3.Her hobby is reading.(作表语,说明主语性质)
3.现在分词(动词+ig形式,具有形容词/副词性质)
。功能:作定语、状语、表语(主动/进行)
·结构:动词+ig(与逻辑主语是主动关系)
·例句:
l.The running water is clean.(作定语,修饰water,.表“主动进行")
2.She sat there,reading a book.(作伴随状语,表主动动作)
3.The story is interesting.(作表语,描述事物特征)
4.过去分词(动词过去分词形式,具有形容词/副词性质)
·功能:作定语、状语、表语(被动/完成)
·结构:动词过去分词(与逻辑主语是被动关系)
·例句:
I.The broken window was repaired..(作定语,修饰window,表“被动完成"”)
2.Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful.(作条件状语,表被动动作)
3.She is interested in music.(作表语,描述人的感受)
知识点三:非谓语动词搭配
1.todo(不定式)
2
高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
。基础搭配拓展:
l.refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句:She refuses to lend him money..
2.promise to do(承诺做)→例句:He promises to come on time..
3.offer to do(主动提出做)→例句:They offer to help the old man.
4.forget to do(忘记要做)→例句:Don't forget to lock the door.
5.remember to do(记得要做)→例句:Remember to buy some milk,
6.choose to do(选择做)→例句:I choose to study math first.
7.afford to do(负担得起做)→例句:We can afford to buy a new car.
8.seem to do(似乎做)→例句:She seems to know the answer.
9.happen to do(碰巧做)一例句:I happen to meet her in the street.
l0.prepare to do(准备做)→例句:They prepare to have a picnic.
·特殊结构搭配:
1.疑问词+todo(如何做)→例句:Idon't know how to solve the problem.
2.It takes sb.some time to do(花费某人时间做)→例句:It takes me an hour to go to school.
3.be willing to do(愿意做)→例句:He is willing to help others
2.doing(动名词/现在分词)
。基础搭配拓展:
1.miss doing(错过做)→例句:I miss seeing the movie last night
2.consider doing(考虑做)一例句:They consider moving to Beijing.
3.suggest doing(建议做)→例句:The doctor suggests drinking more water
4.allow doing(允许做)→例句:The school allows running in the playground,
5.delay doing(推迟做)→例句:They delay having the meeting.
6.admit doing(承认做)→例句:He admits breaking the window.
7.deny doing(否认做)→例句:She denies stealing the money
8.risk doing(冒险做)→例句:He risks climbing the high mountain
9.can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句:Ican't help laughing at his joke.
l0.feel like doing(想要做)→例句:Do you feel like going shopping?
·固定短语搭配:
l.instead of doing(代替做)→例句:He studies instead of playing games..
2.be busy doing(忙于做)→例句:She is busy preparing for the exam.
3.succeed in doing(成功做)→例句:They succeed in finishing the project.
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高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
3.done(过去分词)
。基础搭配拓展:
l.get done(被…)→例句:My bike gets repaired today.
2.have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句:I have my hair cut.
3.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句:We see the tree planted,
4.hear sth..done(听见某事被做)→例句:I hear the song sung.
5.nake sth.done(使某事被做)→例句:He makes his homework finished.
6.want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句:She wants the room cleaned.
7.need sth.done(需要某事被做)→例句:The house needs painted.
8.keep sth.done(保持某事被做)一例句:Keep the door closed,
9.leave sth.done(让某事处于被做状态)→例句:Leave the windows opened,
10.find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句:I find the work finished.
·固定短语搭配:
l.be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)→例句:She is interested in being taught.
2.be surprised at done(对被…惊讶)一→例句:He is surprised at being invited.
3.be pleased with done(对被…满意)→例句:We are pleased with being praised..
考法精析
考法一:动名词与现在分词的区别及误用辨析
1.形式相同,功能不同(核心区别)
()动名词:具有名词性质,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语(表用途)
例句:
-Swimming is my favorite sport.(动名词作主语,表抽象动作)
-She bought a swimming pool.(动名词作定语,表用途“用于游泳的”)
(2)现在分词:具有形容词/副词性质,在句中作定语(表主动/进行)、状语、补语
例句:
-The swimming girl is my sister..(现在分词作定语,表主动“正在游泳的”)
-He sat there,.reading a book.(现在分词作状语,表伴随动作)
2.高频误用场景及辨析
(1)作定语时的区别
误:I like the interesting book.(正确,但需区分:interesting为现在分词作定语,表“令人感兴趣的”;
若用动名词interesting则需表用途,如“an interesting room”表述错误,应为“a reading room”")
正:This is a reading room.(动名词reading表用途“用于阅读的”)
4
高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
正:The running water is clean..(现在分词nning表主动“正在流动的”)
3.易混结构对比(高考高频考点)
(1)“be+doing”现在进行时vs动名词作表语
现在进行时:主语+b+现在分词(表动作正在进行)
例句:She is singing.(她正在唱歌)
动名词作表语:主语+be+动名词(表主语内容/性质)
例句:Her job is singing.(她的工作是唱歌)
4.真题陷阱题解析(高考难度)
(1)题:
in the sun is bad for your eyes.(A.Read B.Reading C.To read D.Readed)
陷阱点:易误选A(原形)或C(不定式),忽略动名词作主语表习惯性动作
正解:B.Reading(动名词作主语,表抽象习惯动作)
(2):I heard her in the next room.(A.sing B.singing C.to sing D.sung)
陷阱点:易混淆hear sb.do(全过程)/doing(正在进行),忽略现在分词作宾补
正解:B.singing(现在分词作宾补,表“听见她正在唱歌”)
考法二:动名词作主语
核心:识别动名词短语作主语的结构,掌握谓语动词用单数的规则,区分动名词与不定式作主语
的用法差异(动名词表习惯性动作,不定式表具体一次性动作)
真题1(语法填空):
(swim)is a good way to keep fit.
答案:Swimming解析:此处需用动名词作主语,swim的动名词形式为swimming,句首首字母大
写:谓语动词s为单数,符合动名词作主语时谓语用单数的规则。
真题2(单项选择):
in the morning is good for your health
A.Run B.Runs C.Running D.To run
答案:C解析:选项A、B为动词原形和第三人称单数形式,不能直接作主语;选项D为不定式,
表具体动作,此处“早上跑步”为习惯性动作,应用动名词Running作主语,故选C。
考法三:动名词与不定式的辨析及复合结构应用
核心:区分接动名词与不定式的动词用法,掌握动名词复合结构的逻辑主语形式及非谓语动词的
句法功能差异
真题1(单项选择):
He remembered
the door yesterday,but he forgot
the window just now.
高中语法重庆大学版
【寒假专版】
A版知识点全解
A.closing to close
B.to close closing
C.closing closing
D.to close to close
答案:A解析:remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”,由yesterday可知关门是已完成动作,第一空
用closing:forget to do sth.表示“忘记要做某事”,由just now可知关窗是未做动作,第二空用to close。
真题2(语法填空):
My parents don't mind Tom
(join)us in the trip,but I insist on his(tell)us the truth first.
答案:joining telling解析:第一空mind后接动名词复合结构,作宾语时可用名词普通格Tom+动
名词joining:第二空insist on后接动名词复合结构,his为形容词性物主代词作逻辑主语,后接动
名词telling。
解题小妙招
动名作主看结构,句首名词后接ig,谓语单数要分明:
复合结构辨逻辑,名词所有格加动名,作定主动用现分:
易混点中细辨析,习惯动作动名担,具体一次性用不定:
动词之后接动名,后悔建议mind带头,完成动作having跟:
主谓宾表定状语,功能多样要牢记,结合语境准判断。
真题演练
动名词解题妙招
动名作主看结构,句首名词后接ing,谓语单数要分明:
复合结构辨逻辑,名词所有格加动名,作定主动用现分:
易混点中细辨析,习惯动作动名担,具体一次性用不定:
动词之后接动名,后悔建议mind带头,完成动作having跟;
主谓宾表定状语,功能多样要牢记,结合语境准判断。
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