非谓语动词1-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（重大版）

高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法专版 【专题】非谓语动词 高中语法专项突破 考频分析 高中阶段，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单 项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子丰富性与表 达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及句法功能往往是解题关键。 考查内容 不定式tod0是高中英语语法的重要模块，考频占语法总量的I5%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：单项 选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子表达的丰富性与 逻辑性。在语境理解类题目中，不定式的句法功能、固定搭配及非谓语动词辨析往往是解题关键。 知识点一：不定式todo 高中对不定式todo的考察聚焦三大维度 1.基本结构与句法功能： 。不定式的肯定式、否定式、被动式结构 。作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法 2.固定搭配与句型： ·接不定式作宾语的动词（如want,decide,hope等） ·接不定式作宾语补足语的动词（如tell,ask,allow等) 。“疑问词+不定式”结构 3.语法区别与语境辨析： ·不定式与动名词作宾语的区别 。不定式作目的状语、结果状语、原因状语的语境运用 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 ,非谓语动词全解 知识点二：非谓语动词的基本形式与用法 1.动词不定式(todo) 1.功能 ·作主语（表示具体动作或目的) ·作宾语（接在want,decide,.hope等动词后） 。作表语（说明主语的内容或性质） ·作定语（修饰名词，表未发生的动作） ·作状语（表目的、结果或原因） 2.结构 ●基本形式：o+动词原形 ·否定式：not to+动词原形 3.例句 ·To learn English well is important..(作主语，表具体动作) 。He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语，接在want后) 。Her dream is to be a doctor.(作表语，说明主语内容) 。I have a lot of homework to finish.(作定语，修饰homework,表未发生的动作) ·She studies hard to pass the exam.(作状语，表目的) 2.动名词(doing). 1.功能 。作主语（表示习惯性、抽象动作） 。作宾语（接在enjoy,practice,finish,mind等动词后） ·作表语（说明主语的性质或内容，与主语等价） ·作定语（修饰名词，表用途或性质） 2.结构 。基本形式：动词原形+-ing ●否定式：not+doing 3.例句 ·Swimming is good for health.(作主语，表习惯性动作) ●They enjoy playing football after school..(作宾语，接在enjoy后) 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 ·His hobby is collecting stamps.（作表语，说明主语内容，与hobby等价) ·There is a swimming pool in our school.(作定语，修饰pool,表用途“用于游泳的”) 3.现在分词(doing)与过去分词(done) 1.功能 ·现在分词：作定语（修饰名词，表主动或进行）、状语（表伴随、原因、结果或时间，与逻辑主 语是主动关系)、宾语补足语（接在see,hear,watch等动词后，表动作正在进行） ·过去分词：作定语（修饰名词，表被动或完成）、状语（表原因、条件或伴随，与逻辑主语是被 动关系、宾语补足语（接在see,hear,make等动词后，表动作已完成或被动） 2.结构 ●现在分词：动词原形+-ing(否定式：not+doing) ·过去分词：动词原形+-ed(规则动词)或不规则变化（如written,broken) 3.例句 。The running boy is my brother..(作定语，修饰boy,表主动“正在跑的') 。He sat there,.reading a book.(作状语，表伴随，与逻辑主语he是主动关系) ·I heard her singing in the room.(作宾语补足语，表动作正在进行) 。The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语，修饰window,表被动“被打破的”) ·Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful.(作状语，表条件，与逻辑主语city是被动关系“被看”) 。We found the door locked when we got home.(作宾语补足语，表被动“被锁上的') 知识点三：非谓语动词搭配拓展 1.todo（不定式) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.offer to do(主动提出做)例句：He offers to carry the heavy box for me. 2.promise to do(承诺做)例句：She promises to come to my birthday party. 3.choose to do(选择做)例句：They choose to stay at home on weekends, 4.seem to do(似乎做)例句：The problem seems to be difficult. 5.afford to do(负担得起做)例句：We can afford to buy a new car now. 6.prepare to do(准备做)例句：They prepare to travel to Beijing next month 7.wish sb.todo(希望某人做)例句：I wish you to have a good time. 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 8.help sb.(to)do(帮助某人做) 例句：My brother helps me(to)repair my bike. 9.remind sb.todo(提醒某人做)例句：Mom reminds me to take an umbrella. l0.agree to do(同意做)例句：He agrees to go shopping with us. 特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： l.had better(mot)do(最好（不）做)例句：You had better not play computer games late 2.would like to do(想要做)例句：I would like to drink some water. 3.why not do(为什么不做)例句：Why not join us for dinner? 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.miss doing(错过做)例句：I missed seeing the movie last night 2.imagine doing(想象做)例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? 3.risk doing(冒险做)例句：He risks climbing the high mountain. 4.prefer doing(更喜欢做)例句：She prefers reading books to watching TV. 5.suggest doing(建议做)例句：They suggest going for a walk after dinner.. 6.keep on doing(继续做)例句：He keeps on working though he is tired, 7.feel like doing(想要做)例句：I feel like eating ice cream now, 8.consider doing(考虑做)例句：They are considering moving to a new city. 9.practice doing(练习做) 例句：You need to practice writing every day. l0.admit doing(承认做)例句：He admits breaking the window, 固定短语搭配（中考常考）： l.be busy doing(忙于做)例句：My mother is busy cooking in the kitchen, 2.can'thelp doing(忍不住做)例句：Ican't help laughing when I see the funny picture. 3.think about doing(考虑做)例句：We are thinking about having a picnic. 3.done(过去分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.get done(被…)例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 2.have sth.done(让某事被做) 例句：I have my hair cut every month. 3.see sth.done(看见某事被做) 例句：We saw the old house pulled down. 4.hear sth.done(听见某事被做) 例句：She heard her name called, 5.nake sth.done(使某事被做)例句：He made his voice heard in the meeting. 固定短语搭配（中考常考)： l.be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)例句：She is interested in being invited to the party. 2.be used to done(被用来做)例句：Knives are used to cut things. 3.be worth doing(值得做)例句：The book is worth reading. 考法精析 考法一：不定式的高级用法及常见错误辨析 1.不定式的独立主格结构（逻辑主语问题） ·基本结构：fo/of+名词/代词宾格+todo(说明动作的发出者) ●for引出逻辑主语（强调动作本身）例句：It is difficult for him to solve the problem. 。of引出逻辑主语（强调人或事物的性质，形容词多为描述品质）例句：It is kind of you to help me. 2.不定式的省略（避免重复) ·保留to省略动词原形（上文已出现相同动词）例句： 1.-Will you go to the party?I'd love to..(to后省略go to the party) 2.She didn't come,.though she promised to.(to后省略come) ·固定结构中省略to(but/except后接不定式时)结构：can/could do nothing but/except+动词原 形例句：I could do nothing but wait. 3.常见错误辨析（高频易错点） 。错误类型一：感官动词后误用to错误：I saw her to dance yesterday.(应为I saw her dance yes- terday.) 。错误类型二：被动句中漏加to错误：He was made practice piano every day.(应为He was made to practice piano every day.) ·错误类型三：疑问词+不定式结构错误错误：She doesn't know how do it..(应为She doesn't know how to do it. ·错误类型四：固定搭配混淆(todo与doing)错误：He enjoys to read books.(应为He enjoys reading books.) 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 4.不定式与动名词作主语的区别 ●不定式作主语（侧重具体动作或一次性行为）例句：To climb the mountain tomorrow is our plan. 。动名词作主语（侧重习惯性或抽象概念）例句：Climbing mountains is good exercise. 。转换技巧（用t作形式主语时通用）例句： l.It is our plan to climb the mountain tomorrow.(不定式作主语) 2.It is good exercise climbing mountains..（动名词作主语) 考法二：不带o的不定式用法辨析 核心：根据动词类型（感官动词/使役动词）及语态（主动/被动），判断不定式符号o的省略与还 原规则 真题1（语法填空）： The teacher made us (clean)the classroom after school yesterday. 答案：clean解析：主动语态中，使役动词make后接宾语+动词原形，省略to,故填clean。. 真题2（单项选择)： Mary was heard_ an English song in the music room just now. A sing B to sing C singing D sings 答案：B解析：被动语态中，感官动词hear的过去分词后需还原不定式符号to,结构为be heard todo,故选B。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合辨析与应用 核心：区分不定式、动名词、分词的句法功能，掌握固定搭配及语态时态差异 真题1（单项选择）： She decided part in the competition and practiced every day. A.take practicing B.to take practicing C.taking to practice D.to take to practice 答案：B解析：第一空decide后接不定式作宾语，用to take;第二空practice后接动名词作宾语， 用practicing。 真题2（语法填空）： (learn)English well,we should keep (read)English newspapers.The teacher told us (not give)up 答案：To learn reading not to give 解析：第一空用不定式To learn作目的状语；第二空keep后接动名词reading作宾语：第三空tell sb.not to do sth.结构，用not to give。 解题小妙招 6 高中语法重庆大学版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 不带to不定式妙招 感官使役主动态，其后宾补to省略： 被动语态要还原，o字千万不能忘： 感官动词see hear,主动do来被动todo: 使役动词make let,主动原形被动to还原： 目的状语不定式，to字引领表意图： 疑问词加不定式，结构功能要记牢： 介词之后动名词，被动形式being done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择 1.She was seen the room quietly,but nobody knew whenher leave. A.enter;to watch B.to enter;watching C.enter;watching D.to enter;to watch 答案：D 2.The teacher asked us (not worry)about the exam and explained how (solve)the difficult problems step by step. 答案：not to worry,to solve 答案区 演练一：1D 2.not to worry;to solve 7