核心时态与语态 完成时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【核心时态与语态】 A版知识点全解 核心语法 【专题】完成时态系统讲解 译林版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 译林版高中英语中，完成时态系统是核心时态与语态模块的重点语法点，考频占时态语态总量的 30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达 核心考察，直接影响句子时态逻辑与语境准确性。在语境理解类题目中，完成时态的时间标志词、 动作先后关系及语态结合往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·时态构成与辨析：现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)、过去完成时(had+过去分词)、将来完成时 (will have+过去分词)的基本结构与时间标志词匹配 ·语境应用与区别：现在完成时与一般过去时的时间范围差异，过去完成时表示“过去的过去”的动 作逻辑，现在完成进行时(have/has been-+现在分词)与现在完成时的动作持续性对比 ·特殊句型与固定搭配：含since/for的时间状语从句，already/yet/just/ever/never等副词的位置与用法， 瞬间动词与延续性动词在完成时态中的转换（如join→bein) 知识点一：完成时态的构成及用法 1.现在完成时(has/have+过去分词)： 。基本概念：表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作，或对现在有影响的过去动作 。时间标志词：already(已)、yet(尚)、ever(曾)、never(从未)、since(自从)、for(持续) 。例句： 1.Ihave lived here for5 years..(持续到现在的状态) 2.She has finished her homework already.(对现在有影响) 2.过去完成时(had+过去分词)： ·基本概念：表示过去某时间前已完成的动作（过去的过去） 。时间标志词：by(到…为止)、before(在…之前)、when(当…时) 1 高中译林版 【核心时态与语态】 A版知识点全解 。例句： l.He had left before I arrived.(arrived前已完成的动作) 2.By2020,we had built10 schools.(到过去时间点已完成) 3.将来完成时(will have+过去分词)： ·基本概念：表示将来某时间前将完成的动作 。时间标志词：by+将来时间（到…时）、before+将来时间 。例句： l.I will have graduated by next summer..（到明年夏天将完成) 2.They will have finished the project before Friday..(周五前将完成) 4.完成时态的特殊用法： 。瞬间动词转换：arrive-→bein,die→be dead(与for/since连用时) ●例句： l.He has been in Beijing for3days.(不能用has arrived) 2.My grandfather has been dead for2 years.(不能用has died) 知识点二：完成时态系统讲解 1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词：already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、 since+时间点（如since2020)、so far(到目前为止） 2.主动语态： ·结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 。例句： 1.I have finished my homework already.(第一人称，用have+finished) 2.He has lived here for5 years..(三单主语，用has+-lived) 3.被动语态： 。结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现“现在完成时”，过去分词体现 “被动”) 。例句 l.My homework has been finished by me already.(主语不可数，用has been-+finished的过去分 词finished) 2.This house has been lived in by him for5 years.(主语单数，用has been+-lived的过去分词lived: live是不及物动词，需加in) 高中译林版 【核心时态与语态】 A版知识点全解 2.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”) 1.时间标志词：by+过去时间点（如by20l9、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left)、 when+一般过去时句子（如When I arrived) 2.主动语态： 。结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) 。例句： 1.He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) 2.They had left before I arrived.(had+left:arrived是一般过去时，“离开”在“到达”之前) 3.被动语态： ●结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现“过去完成时”，过去分词体现“被动”) ·例句： l.His work had been finished by him by5p.m.yesterday..(had been+finished的过去分词finished) 2.The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived.(had been-+cleaned的过去分词cleaned) 3.现在完成进行时（从过去持续到现在并仍在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词：since+时间点（如since2018)、for+时间段（如for2 hours)、all day(一整天）、 recently(最近) 2.主动语态 。结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用 have) ·例句： 1.I have been studying English for3 years.(第一人称，用have been+studying) 2.She has been playing the piano since she was5.(三单主语，用has been+playing) 3.被动语态（初中阶段较少涉及，了解即可）： ·结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词（实际应用中多以主动语态为主） ·例句： I.The project has been being worked on by them for a month.(has been being+worked的过去分词 worked) 4.过去完成进行时（过去某个时间前已开始并持续到该过去时间的动作） 1.时间标志词：for+时间段+before+过去时间点（如for2 hours before9p.m.last night)、when+一 般过去时句子（如When the rain stopped) 2.主动语态： 3 高中译林版 【核心时态与语态】 A版知识点全解 。结构：主语+had been+动词现在分词(doing)(统一用had been) 。例句： 1.They had been waiting for the bus for an hour when it finally came.(had been+waiting:came 一般过去时) 2.She had been teaching English for 10 years before she moved here.(had been+teaching:moved 是一般过去时) 3.被动语态（初中阶段较少涉及，了解即可)： ·结构：主语+had been being+动词过去分词 。例句： 1.The song had been being sung by the children for 10 minutes before the teacher stopped them.(had been being+sung的过去分词sung) 知识点三：完成时态 1.现在完成时 1.基础结构（中考必背)： ●have/has+过去分词→例句：I have finished my homework.(我已经完成作业了。) ·否定式：have/has not+过去分词一例句：She hasn't seen this movie yet..(她还没看过这部电影。) ·疑问式：Have/Has+主语+过去分词→例句：Have you ever been to Beijing?(你去过北京吗？) 2.时间标志词（中考核心)： ·already（已经，肯定句)→例句：We have already eaten dinner. 。yet(还，否定句/疑问句)→例句：Have you finished your work yet? ·just(刚刚)→例句：He has just left the classroom, 。ever（曾经，疑问句)→例句：Have you ever swum in the sea? ●never(从未)→例句：I have never visited the Great Wall,. 。for+时间段（持续…）→例句：They have lived here for5 years. 。since+时间点（自从…以来）→例句：We have studied English since20l8. 2.过去完成时 1.基础结构（中考必背)： 。had+过去分词→例句：She had left when I arrived.(我到的时候她已经走了。) 。否定式：had not+过去分词→例句：They hadn't eaten breakfast before going out, 。疑问式：Had+主语+过去分词一例句：Had he finished the task by6p.m.? 4 高中译林版 【核心时态与语态】 A版知识点全解 2.用法标志（中考常考)： ·by+过去时间点（到…为止）→例句：We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term. 。before+过去动作→例句：I had read the book before I saw the movie. 。宾语从句中（主句为过去时，从句表“过去的过去”）一例句：He said he had never seen such a beautiful place. 3.现在完成进行时 1.基础结构（中考拓展)： ·have/has been+doing→例句：It has been raining for three hours..(雨已经下了三个小时了。) ·否定式：have/has not been+doing→例句：They haven't been working all day. 2.用法标志（中考易错)： 。强调动作“从过去持续到现在，并可能继续”→例句：She has been practicing the piano since9 a.m 。与“for+时间段”“since+时间点”连用→例句：We have been waiting here for20 minutes. 考法精析 考法一：完成时态的构成及用法 核心：根据完成时态的基本概念和时间标志词，判断动作的时间关系及动词形式变化 真题1（语法填空）： By the time we arrived at the station,the train_(leave)already. 答案：had left 解析：由时间标志词“By the time we arrived”可知，“离开”发生在“到达”之前，是过去的过去， 用过去完成时：leave的过去分词为left。 真题2（单项选择）： My aunt-in this city since 2010 and she still lives here now. A.has arrived B.has been C.arrived D.was 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“since20l0”和“still lives here”可知，动作持续到现在，arrive为瞬间动词， 需转换为bein的现在完成时形式has been。 考法二：完成时态与虚拟语气结合 5 高中译林版 【核心时态与语态】 A版知识点全解 核心：结合完成时态的时间逻辑与虚拟语气的假设条件，判断动词的时态与语态形式 真题1（语法填空）： If she_(finish)her homework earlier yesterday,she would have joined us for dinner. 答案：had finished 解析：由“yesterday'”和主句“would have joined”可知，此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句 需用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，finish的过去分词为finished。. 真题2（单项选择)： By the time you arrive tomorrow,we-the project if it-possible A.will finish;is B.will have finished;were C.will have finished;is D.have finished;were 答案：B 解析：第一空由“by the time you arrive tomorrow”(将来时间点前完成)可知用将来完成时“will have finished”;第二空为虚拟语气假设条件（与将来事实可能相反），be动词用were。 考法三：情态动词+完成时+被动语态的综合运用 核心：结合情态动词表推测或虚拟的用法，判断完成时态下的被动语态结构（情态动词+have been+ 过去分词) 真题1（单项选择）： The room_cleaned yet.You must have forgotten to ask the cleaners. A.isn't B.wasn't C.hasn't been D.hadn't been 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“yet”可知用现在完成时：主语“the room”是动作“clean”的承受者，需 用被动语态，结构为“have/has been+-过去分词”；主语为单数，助动词用has,否定形式为hasn't been。 真题2（语法填空）： The project_(should finish)by last Friday,but the team was delayed by the heavy rain. 答案：should have been finished 解析：由时间标志词“by last Friday”(过去时间点)可知需用完成时：主语“the project”是动作 “finish”的承受者，用被动语态；结合情态动词“should”表“本应该”的虚拟用法，结构为“should have been+-过去分词”。 解题小妙招 完成时态解题妙招 完成时态三兄弟，时间标志是关键： 6 高中译林版 【核心时态与语态】A版知识点全解 过去完成“had done'”,过去之前就干完： 现在完成“have has done'”,since for常相伴： 将来完成“will have done”,将来某点前做完。 瞬间动词要转换，be in on来替换： 虚拟语气常结合，过去事实相反看： if从句“had done”,主句“would have done”: 情态动词加have done,推测虚拟记心间； 被动语态别忘记，be加done是考点。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She in this company for 15 years and she still works here now. A.works B.worked C.has worked D.will work 2.By the time we got to the cinema,the filmfor 10 minutes. A.had started B.had been on C.has started D.has been on 3.If you_harder last term,you would have passed the exam. A.study B.studied C.had studied D.would study 4.The door is locked.Hebe at home because I saw him leave an hour ago. A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't D.shouldn't 5.By next summer,my brother_English in this school for 8 years. A.will teach B.will have taught C.has taught D.is teaching 6.He told me he-the book before he came to the library. A.has read B.had read C.reads D.read 7.The accident_last night,but no one was hurt seriously. A.happened B.was happened C.has happened D.had happened 8.Youhave told me the truth earlier.Now it's too late to change anything. A.must B.should C.could D.need 9.By the time you receive this letter,Ifor London if the weatherfine. A.will leave;is B.will have left;were C.leave;was D.have left;is 10.We_for two hours when the bus finally arrived. A.waited B.have waited C.had been waiting D.were waiting 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My father_(work)in this factory since he graduated from college. 7 高中译林版 【核心时态与语态】 A版知识点全解 2.By the end of last year,over 500 new houses_(build)in our neighborhood. 3.If I(know)the answer yesterday,I would have told you immediately. 4.She is tired because she_(clean)the house all morning. 5.The teacher said the earth_(go)around the sun. 6.You(not need)to bring your umbrella;the weather forecast says it won't rain. 7.By this time next month,we(finish)the entire project. 8.The book-(translate)into 10 languages since it was published in 2020. 9.He looks as if he_(see)a ghost just now. 10.By the time the bell rang,all the students(hand in)their papers. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last month,our school organized a science exhibition.By the time the exhibition opened,all the models -(create)by students over the past three months.One of the most popular models was a robot that. (design)by a group of Grade 11 students. The robot_(program)to perform simple tasks,such as picking up small objects and moving them.Many visitors were surprised to find that it_(already learn)to respond to voice commands.A teacher explained that the students_(work)on the project since last semester and_(test)it dozens of times before the exhibition. By the end of the exhibition,over 2,000 people_(visit)it.Some parents said they_(never see)such creative works from high school students before.The principal announced that the exhibition_(hold) again next year if possible. Looking back,we realized that ifwe_(give up)when we faced difficulties,we wouldnever have achieved such success. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.B5.B6B7.A8B9.B10.C 演练二：l.has worked2.had been built3.had known4.has been cleaning5.goes6nee't7.will have finished 8.has been translated 9.had seen 10.had handed in 演练三：1.had been created2.had been designed3.had been programmed4.had already learned5.had been working 6.had tested 7.had visited 8.had never seen 9.would be held 10.had given up 8