非谓语动词 分词 doing done 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】分词doing /done系统讲解 非谓语动词专项突破 考频分析 译林版高中英语中，非谓语动词的分词doing/done是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的I5%左右， 贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察， 直接影响句子结构复杂度与表达丰富性。在语境理解类题目中，分词的主动与被动关系、动作的时 间关系及逻辑主语一致性往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·分词形式与意义辨析：现在分词doing表主动或进行，过去分词done表被动或完成的核心区别； 。句法功能应用：作定语（前置/后置定语的选择与位置）、状语（时间、原因、伴随、结果等语境的 逻辑关系判断)、宾语补足语（感官动词和使役动词后的搭配）： 。固定搭配与特殊结构：接doing作宾语的动词（如enjoy,avoid)、接done作宾补的动词（如have, make),独立主格结构中分词的逻辑主语一致性。 知识点一：分词的分类及基础用法 1.现在分词(doing形式，表示主动或进行) 1.常见用法： ·作定语（修饰名词) ·作表语（说明主语特征） 。作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语动作） 2.例句： 。The running water is very clear..(作定语，修饰water,表示主动动作) ·The film is exciting.(作表语，说明film的特征) 。I heard her singing in the room.(作宾语补足语，补充说明her的动作) 1 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.过去分词(done形式，表示被动或完成) 1.常见用法 ·作定语（修饰名词） ·作表语（说明主语状态） ·作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语状态） 2.例句： ·The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语，修饰window,表示被动完成的动作) ●She was excited at the news.（作表语，说明主语的状态) 。We found the door locked when we arrived.（作宾语补足语，补充说明door的状态) 知识点二：非谓语动词之doing和done的用法 1.现在分词(doing)的用法（主动、进行） 1.作定语（修饰名词，表示主动或正在进行的动作） 结构：doing+名词（前置）/名词+doing(后置，相当于定语从句) 例句： ·a running boy（正在跑步的男孩，running主动且进行) ·The girl singing in the room ismy sister.(正在房间唱歌的女孩是我妹妹，singing主动进行，相当 于who is singing） 2.作状语（表示时间、原因、伴随、结果等，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，主动关系） 结构：doing+句子/句子+doing 例句： ●Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(时间状语，相当于When she was walking,she与walk 是主动关系) ·Being late for school,.he was punished by the teacher.(原因状语，相当于Because he was late,he 与be late是主动关系) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作，主动且进行） 结构：动词+宾语+doing 例句： ·I saw her dancing in the hall.(see sb.doing看到某人正在做某事，her与dance是主动关系) We heard the birds singing in the tree.(hear sb./sth.doing听到…正在做某事，birds与sing是主 动关系) 2.过去分词(done)的用法（被动、完成) 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.作定语（修饰名词，表示被动或已完成的动作） 结构：done+名词（前置）/名词+done(后置，相当于定语从句) 例句： ·a broken cup(破碎的杯子，broken表完成，杯子被打碎) 。The book written by Lu Xun is very famous.(鲁迅写的书很有名，written被动，相当于which was written 2.作状语（表示时间、原因、条件等，逻辑主语与句子主语一致，被动关系） 结构：done+句子/句子+done 例句： ●Seen from the hill,.the city looks beautiful..(时间状语，相当于When the city is seen,city与see是 被动关系) ·Encouraged by her parents,she decidedto try again.(原因状语，相当于Because she was encouraged, she与encourage是被动关系) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作，被动或完成） 结构：动词+宾语+done 例句： ●I found the door locked.(find sth.done发现某物被…，door与lock是被动关系) ●He had his hair cut yesterday..(have sth.done让某事被做，hair与cut是被动关系) 3.doing与done的区别 1.语态不同：doing表主动，done表被动（如：a moving story感人的故事，noving主动“令人感动”： moved people被感动的人，moved被动“被感动”) 2.时间不同：doing表进行，done表完成（如：boiling water正在沸腾的水；boiled water已煮沸的水） 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.done（过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ●be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)→例句：She is interested in invited to the party.. 。be used to done(被用来做)→例句：Knives are used to cut things.. ·get done(a被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 。have sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month. 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：He saw the window broken by the boy. 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：We heard the song sung in English. 3 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：She made her voice heard by everyone 。find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句：I found my bag stolen on the bus. 。want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句：They want the work finished today.. 。need sth.done(需要某事被做)→例句：The house needs painted. 2.固定结构搭配（中考常考）： 。done作定语（表示被动或完成）一→例句：The broken window needs to be repaired. ·done作表语（表示状态）→例句：The door is closed now. ·done作宾语补足语（表示被动）→例句：I had my car washed yesterday: 考法精析 考法一：分词作状语及逻辑主语判断 核心：根据分词与主句主语的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作时间顺序，选择现在分词或过去分词， 纠正逻辑主语不一致错误 真题1（语法填空）： _(see)from the top of the tower,the city looks like a big garden. 答案：Seen 解析：分词逻辑主语为主句主语'the city”",与”see”是被动关系（城市被看见)，故用过去分词Seen 真题2（短文改错)： Walking along the river,a beautiful bird caught my eye 答案：Walking-一→When I walked/Caught-→I caught 解析：原句分词Walking'”的逻辑主语应为主句主语”a beautiful bird',但”鸟走路’逻辑错误；修正 方法：(1)增加逻辑主语，改为When I walked;(2)调整主句主语与分词逻辑一致，改为I caught a beautiful bird 考法二：分词作状语与独立主格结构辨析 核心：判断分词逻辑主语与主句主语是否一致，一致时用分词作状语，不一致时用独立主格结构 真题1（语法填空）： -(see)from the top of the tower,the city looks magnificent. 答案：Seen 解析：分词逻辑主语为主句主语the city'”,两者是被动关系（城市被看)，故用过去分词作状语 真题2（单选题)： The meeting-,we went to have a coffee. A.being over B.over C.is over D.was over 答案：B 解析：独立主格结构名词+形容词”形式，逻辑主语'the meeting'”与主句主语”we”不一致，用”名 词+形容词”结构表状态 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法三：分词作定语、状语及宾语补足语的综合辨析 核心：根据逻辑关系（主动/被动）和时间状态（进行/完成）判断使用现在分词(doig)或过去分词 (done),掌握不同句法功能下的用法区别。 真题1（单项选择)： The girl in the classroom is my best friend. A.sing B.singing C.sung D.to sing 答案：B 解析：句中“is”为谓语动词，空格处需用非谓语动词作定语修饰“the girl'”。“girl”与“sing”是 主动关系且动作正在进行，应用现在分词singing,相当于who is singing。 真题2（语法填空）： -(see)from the top of the hill,the park looks more beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：逗号后为主句，空格处需用非谓语动词作状语。逻辑主语“the park”与“see”是被动关系， 应用过去分词Seen,相当于When the park is seen。 解题小妙招 分词作状妙招 逻辑主语找主句，主动现分被动过： 主谓一致直接用，不一致时加逻辑（或用独立主格）： 独立主格两主语，名词之后跟分词（或形容词等）： 非谓对比看功能，状语主动用现分，被动用过分，独立主格另主现。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.the novel,she couldn't help thinking of her own childhood. A.Reading B.Read C.Having read D.To read 2.The room_every day,we always feel comfortable. A.cleaning B.cleaned C.to clean D.having cleaned 3.by the teacher,he decided to study harder. A.Encouraging B.Encouraged C.To encourage D.Having encouraged 4.I found the door_when I got home,so I called the police. A.breaking B.broken C.to break D.break 5.-the rain stopped,we continued our journey. A.Until B.When C.After D.The rain having stopped 5 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 6.The girl in the comner is my best friend. A.sit B.sitting C.sat D.to sit 7.English well,he practices speaking every morning. A.Learning B.Learned C.To learn D.Having learned 8.many times,he still couldn't remember the rule A.Telling B.Told C.Having told D.To tell 9.The problem_,we all felt relaxed. A.solving B.solved C.to solve D.having solved 10.-the program,they discussed its advantages and disadvantages. A.Watching B.Watched C.Having watched D.To watch 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The children-(play)in the park didn't notice the coming rain. 2.-(inspire)by her story,we decided to help the homeless. 3.He sat there quietly,-(read)a newspaper. 4.The film(direct)by a famous director is very popular. 5.(finish)his work,he went to the library. 6.The book(write)by Lu Xun is still widely read today. 7.(not know)her address,I couldn't visit her 8.The workers_(build)the bridge are from Sichuan. 9.(give)more support,the team will win the game. 10.The meeting-(last)for two hours,we left the hall. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) A Visit to the Museum Last Sunday,I went to the city museum with my classmates.(enter)the hall,we were attracted by the ancient artifacts.The guide(stand)at the entrance greeted us warmly.She explained that most exhibits (discover)in the 1980s.(listen)carefully,we took notes from time to time. One of the most interesting displays was a bronze vase(make)during the Han Dynasty.(touch)the vase was not allowed,but we could take photos.(walk)around for two hours,we felt a little tired. _(offer)a rest area,we sat down and shared our impressions. By the time we left,the sun_(set).(impress)by the museum trip,I decided to learn more about history. 6 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.B3B4.B5.D6B7.C8B9.B10.C 1.playing 2.Inspired 3.reading 4.directed 5.Having finished 6.written 7.Not knowing 8.building 9.Given 10.lasting 1.Entering 2.standing 3.discovered 4.Listening 5.made 6.Touching 7.Having walked 8.Offered 9.had set 10.Impressed 7