非谓语动词 动名词 doing 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】非谓语动词 语法专项突破 考频分析 译林版高中英语中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，动名词doing作为非谓语动词的重要组成部分， 考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法 填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构的合理性与表达的丰富性）。在语境理解 类题日中，动名词作主语、宾语、表语及定语的用法辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·句法功能辨析：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语的基本用法及结构特征 。固定搭配掌握：接doing作宾语的动词（如enjoy,practice,avoid等）和动词短语（如give up,look forward to等) ·特殊结构应用：there be句型中作主语(There is no doing sth)、介词后作宾语、独立主格结构中的 逻辑主语搭配 知识点一：动名词doing系统讲解 1.动名词的构成及特征 1.构成：动词原形+-ing（如：reading,swimming,studying） 2.特征：兼具动词和名词性质，可被副词修饰或带宾语，但无时态和语态变化 3.例句 。He enjoys reading quietly..(reading被副词quietly修饰) ·She likes playing basketball.(playing后接宾语basketball) 2.动名词作主语 1.功能：表示抽象动作或习惯性行为，位于句首 2.例句： 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·Swimming is good for health.(表示抽象动作) ●Collecting stamps is his hobby.(表示习惯性行为) 3.注意：当主语较长时，可用it作形式主语，将动名词后置：It is relaxing listening to music. 3.动名词作宾语 1.常见接动名词的动词：enjoy(喜欢)、practise(练习)、finish(完成)mind(介意)、avoid(避免) 2.例句： ·She practices speaking English every day..(practise后接speaking) ·We finished doing homework at8p.m.(finish后接doing) 4.动名词作表语 1.功能：说明主语的性质或内容，主语多为抽象名词（如：hobby,job,aim等） 2.例句： 。His hobby is painting.(说明hobby的内容) ·My favorite sport is running.(说明sport的性质) 5.动名词作定语 1.功能：修饰名词，表示名词的用途或性质 2.例句： 。This is a reading room..(reading修饰room,表用途“用于阅读的”) ·There is a swimming pool in our school.(swimming修饰pool,表用途“用于游泳的”) 6.动名词的复合结构 1.构成：形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+动名词（口语中可用宾格/名词普通格） 2.例句： ·I appreciate his coming early.(his coming作appreciate的宾语) 。They talked about Tom's winning the game.(Tom's winning作about的宾语) 知识点二：动名词doing的核心用法 1.作主语（表示抽象动作或经常性行为） 1.基本结构：动名词(doing)+谓语动词（单数形式） 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.例句： ·Reading is a good habit..(动名词reading作主语，谓语用is) ·Swimming helps build a strong body.(动名词swimming作主语，谓语用helps) 3.常用句型：Itis+名词/形容词+doing(it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语) 4.例句： 。It is fun playing computer games..(it是形式主语，真正主语是playing.) ·It is important learning English well.(it是形式主语，真正主语是learning.) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词或介词后） 1.跟在及物动词后（常见动词：ejoy,finish,practice,mind,keep,avoid,suggest等） 。结构：动词+doing 。例句： 1.She enjoys singing English songs.(enjoy后接singing） 2.He finished doing his homework at 9 p.m.(finish doing) 2.跟在介词后（常见介词：in,on,at,of,about,without,.after等） 。结构：介词+doing 。例句： 1.I am interested in reading novels.(in reading) 2.He left without saying goodbye.(withoutsaying) 3.作表语（说明主语的性质或内容，主语多为抽象名词） 1.结构：主语+be动词+doing 2.例句： ●Her hobby is dancing.(dancing说明hobby的内容) ·The most important thing is studying hard.(studying说明thing的内容) 4.作定语（修饰名词，表用途或性质） 1.结构：doing+名词（动名词置于名词前） 2.例句： ·a swimming pool(swimming修饰pool,表用途“用于游泳的”) ·a reading room(reading修饰room,表用途“用于阅读的”) 3 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.tod0（不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me with my English. ·refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：She refuses to eat junk food, ·promise to do(承诺做)→例句：I promise to return the book on time.. ·forget to do（忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to lock the door. 。remember to do(记得去做)一例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home. 。try to do(努力做)→例句：He tries to finish his homework on time 。ask sb.todo(要求某人做)→例句：The teacher asks us to read English every morning. 。tell sb.todo(告诉某人做)→例句：My mother tells me to go to bed early. 。advise sb.todo(建议某人做)→例句：The doctor advises him to exercise more. 。need to do(需要做)→例句：We need to buy some vegetables. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： ·It takes sb.some time to do(花费某人时间做某事)→例句：It takes me an hour to get to school. 。would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to drink a cup of tea. 。be ready to do(准备好做)→例句：They are ready to start the journey. 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 。feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. ·stop doing(停止做)→例句：HIe stops talking when the teacher comes in. ·give up doing(放弃做)→例句：He gives up smoking for his health 。be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner ·keep on doing(继续做)一例句：He keeps on working though he is tired. ●practice doing(练习做)→例句：We practice speaking English every class. 。mind doing（介意做)→例句：Do you mind opening the window? 。avoid doing(避免做)一→例句：He tries to avoid making mistakes.. ●suggest doing(建议做)一例句：The teacher suggests having a class meeting. 。spend time doing(花费时间做)→例句：I spend two hours doing my homework every day. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考)： 4 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·be used to doing(习惯做)→例句：She is used to getting up early 。look forward to doing(期待做)一例句：We look forward to meeting you soon. ·pay attention to doing(注意做)→例句：Please pay attention to listening to the teacher. 3.done(过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。be interested in done(对…感兴趣)一例句：I am interested in the story told by him. ●be surprised at done(对…感到惊讶)→例句：She is surprised at hearing the news. 。get done(被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday.. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month ·see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：I saw the window broken by the boy.. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 。done作定语（表示被动或完成）→例句：The broken window needs to be repaired. 。done作表语（表示状态）→例句：The door is closed now. ·done作宾语补足语（表示被动）一例句：He had his car washed. 考法精析 考法一：动名词作宾语的动词搭配 核心：识别接动名词作宾语的动词（如enjoy,.practise,finish等)，并结合语境正确填写动名词形式 真题1（语法填空）： She practices_(play)the piano for two hours every day. 答案：playing 解析：practise后接动名词作宾语，play的动名词形式为playing。 真题2（单项选择)： He avoided_(meet)her at the party because he felt embarrassed. A.meet B.to meet C.meeting D.met 答案：C 解析：avoid后接动名词作宾语，meet的动名词形式为meeting。 考法二：动名词与现在分词作定语辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词的性质及逻辑关系，区分动名词（表用途）和现在分词（表主动/进行）作 定语的用法 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题1（语法填空)： The_(run)water from the tap is very cold in winter. 答案：running 解析：此处修饰名词water,表主动/进行含义（正在流动的水），与water存在主谓关系，故用现在 分词unning。 真题2（完形填空）： We need a_room for the meeting this afternoon. A.meeting B.met C.meet D.meets 答案：A 解析：此处修饰名词room,表用途（用于开会的房间），逻辑上与oom无主谓关系，故用动名词 neeting。 考法三：动名词与现在分词的区分及用法辨析 核心：掌握动名词作定语表“用途”、作表语说明“内容/性质”与现在分词作定语表“主动/进行” 作表语说明“特征/状态”的区别 真题1（单项选择)： Look at the_girl.She is playing in thepool. A.swimming swimming B.swimming swum C.swum swimming D.swum swum 答案：A 解析：第一空“正在游泳的女孩”，现在分词swimming表主动进行，与girl有主谓关系；第二空 “游泳池”，动名词swimming表用途，即“用于游泳的池子”。 真题2（语法填空）： Her favorite sport is(swim).The(swim)boy is her brother. 答案：swimming swimming 解析：第一空动名词swimming作表语，说明spot的内容；第二空现在分词swimming作定语，表 主动进行，修饰boy。 解题小妙招 动名词作宾妙招 动词搭配先识别，enjoy practise finish接； 直接跟在动词后，去e加ing要牢记： 6 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 选项之中找规律，todo原形先排除，ing形式最可能。 动名现分作定辨 修饰名词看关系，主谓关系用分词： 主动进行含义清，unning water是典型： 用途功能无主谓，动名词来把位占： meeting room表用途，牢记区别不犯难。 动名时态语态综 时态一般或完成，完成先于谓语动： regret doing表后悔，先于后悔用完成： 主动被动看逻辑，主谓主动不用变： 被动必带being done,by短语常相伴： 固定搭配要记牢，have difficulty in doing: 介词之后接动名，after being shown是答案。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.My brother enjoys basketball with his friends after school. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 2.Remember_the lights before leaving the classroom. A.turn off B.to turn off C.turning off D.turned off 3.She apologized forlate to the meeting yesterday. A.arrive B.to arrive C.arriving D.arrived 4.The teacher suggested-extra practice to improve our English. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 5.This is apool where people can swim in summer. A.swim B.swimming C.swum D.swims 6.He spent three hours_for the final exam last night. A.prepare B.to prepare C.preparing D.prepared 7.They had difficulty_the lost child in the forest. A.find B.to find C.finding D.found 8.She denied_the window,but no one believed her. A.break B.to break C.breaking D.having broken 9.After breakfast,he hurried to catch the bus. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 7 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 10.The film is so interesting that I can't stopabout it. A.think B.to think C.thinking D.thought 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He suggested(go)to the park for a picnic this weekend. 2.I'm looking forward to(see)you at the party tomorrow. 3.She is used to(get)up early in the morning. 4.They wasted a lot of time_(argue)about the plan. 5.The boy apologized for(not finish)his homework on time. 6.-(read)English novels is a good way to improve vocabulary. 7.My hobby is(collect)stamps from different countries. 8.He has no difficulty(solve)this math problem. 9.She regretted(tell)a lie to her parents yesterday. 10.They left without_(say)goodbye to anyone 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last year,I decided to improve my English by(read)more books.I started with simple stories and spent an hour_(read)every day.At first,I had trouble_(understand)some long sentences,but I kept-(try) and asked my teacher for help.She advised me_(not give up)and suggested(use)a dictionary to look up new words After_(follow)her advice for three months,I noticed great progress.I even began-(enjoy)reading English newspapers.Now,my favorite activity is_(share)what I've learned with my classmates.I'm proud of_(achieve)this goal and plan to keep reading in the future. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.C5.B6.C7.C8D9.C10.C 演练二：1.going2.seeing3.getting4.arguing5.not finishing 6.Reading 7.collecting 8.solving 9.telling/having told 10.saying 演练三：1.reading2.reading3.understanding4..trying 5.not to give up 6.using 7.following 8.enjoying 9.sharing 10having achieved 8