非谓语动词 不定式 to do 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】不定式todo系统讲解 非谓语动词专项突破 考频分析 译林版高中英语中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核 心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接 影响句子结构的复杂性与表达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，不定式odo的句法功能、时态语 态及与动名词的辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构与句法功能：不定式的肯定式(todo)、否定式(not to do)、被动式(to be done)的构成： 作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法 ·固定搭配与句型：接不定式作宾语的动词(want,decide,try等)：接不定式作宾补的动词(ask,tell, allow等)：“疑问词+不定式”结构：It作形式主语/宾语的句型(Itis+ad.+to do sth.) ·语境应用与辨析：不定式与动名词作宾语的区别；不定式省略0的情况（感官动词、使役动词后 等)：不定式的省略与保留（避免重复时o的用法） 知识点一：不定式todo的结构及功能 1.基本结构 1.肯定式：to+动词原形（如to study,.to play) 2.否定式：not to+动词原形（如not to forget,.not to smoke) 3.被动式：tobe+过去分词（如to be invited,.to be finished) 4.例句： ·She plans to study abroad next year.（肯定式) 。He told me not to touch the machine.(否定式) 2.句法功能 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.作主语（常用t作形式主语，不定式后置） ·例句：To learn English well is important.(=It is important to learn English well.) 2.作宾语（接在want,hope,decide等动词后） ·例句：We hope to visit the Great Wall soon. 3.作表语（位于系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） ●例句：Her dream is to become a scientist. 4.作定语（修饰名词，表动作或目的） ●例句：I have a lot of homework to do tonight. 5.作状语（表目的、结果、原因等） 。例句：(I)She got up early to catch the first bus.(目的状语)(2)He was too tired to walk further.(结 果状语，to0.to.结构) 3.不带to的情况 1.情态动词后：can,may,must等+动词原形（如You must finish it now.) 2.使役动词后：make,let,have+宾语+动词原形（如Let's go shopping.) 3.感官动词后：see,hear,watch等+宾语+动词原形（如I saw her enter the room.) 4.固定搭配：had better(not)do,would rather do等（如You'd better not stay up late.) 知识点二：不定式todo的核心用法与考点 1.作主语（表示具体动作或一件事） 1.基本结构：To do sth.+谓语动词（常用单数形式） 2.注意：为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，结构为“It+be+形容词/名词+to do sth.” 3.例句： 。To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。) ·It is necessary to finish homework on time.(按时完成作业是必要的。)(it作形式主语，真正主语 是to finish homework) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） l.常接不定式作宾语的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、learn(学习)、plan(计 划)、y(尝试) 2 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.结构：主语+动词+to do sth. 3.例句： ●She wants to buy a new bike.(她想买一辆新自行车。) ·They decided to visit the museum tomorrow.(他们决定明天去参观博物馆。) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） l.常接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、allow（允许)、help (帮助，o可省略) 2.结构：主语+动词+宾语+to do sth. 3.例句： ●My mother told me to clean my room.(妈妈让我打扫房间。) ·He helps me(to)carry the heavy box.(他帮我搬这个重箱子。)(to可省略) 4.作表语（放在系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） l.常见系动词：be（是)、seem(似乎)、appear(显得)入become(成为) 2.结构：主语+系动词+to do sth. 3.例句： ●Her dream is to be a doctor.(她的梦想是成为一名医生。) ●He seems to know the answer.(他似乎知道答案。) 5.作定语（修饰名词，表“要做的事”或“用途”） 1.位置：放在被修饰名词之后 2.含义：不定式与名词构成“动宾关系”时，若不定式为不及物动词，需加介词 3.例句： 。I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。)(todo修饰homework,表“要做的作业”) ·He needs a pen to write with.(他需要一支笔写字。)(write是不及物动词，加介词with,表“用 来写字的笔”) 6.作目的状语（表示动作的目的，常译为“为了”） 1.位置：句首或句中（句首时常用逗号隔开，句中直接跟在谓语后） 2.结构：To do sth,主语+谓语./主语+谓语+to do sth, 3.例句： 3 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 ·To catch the early bus,.she got up at6a.m.(为了赶上早班车，她早上6点起床。)（句首，表目的） ●He studies hard to get good grades.(他努力学习是为了取得好成绩。)（句中，表目的） 7.特殊结构：“疑问词+odo”(相当于名词性从句，作主语、宾语或表语) 1.常见疑问词：what(什么)、how(如何)、when(何时)、whre(何地)、which(哪一个) 2.用法：作宾语时，常放在动词后：作主语时，常用t作形式主语 3.例句： ·Idon’t know how to solve this problem.(我不知道如何解决这个问题。)(how to solve作宾语) 。It's important to learn when to ask for help.(学会何时寻求帮助很重要。)(when to ask作真正主 语，t为形式主语) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo（不定式) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me with my English. 2.forget to do(忘记要做)→例句：Don't forget to turn off the lights. 3.remember to do(记得要做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home. 4.agree to do(同意做)→例句：She agrees to join our study group. 5.refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：He refuses to tell us the secret.. 6.happen to do(碰巧做)→例句：I happen to meet my old friend in the street.. 7.seem to do(似乎做)→例句：She seems to know the answer. 8.would like to do(想要做)一→例句：I would like to drink some tea. 9.try one's best to do(尽力做)→例句：We try our best to help the poor children. l0.pretend to do(假装做)→例句：He pretends to be asleep when his mother comes in. 特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 1.ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)一例句：The teacher asks us not to be late. 2.tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My father tells me not to swim in the river. 3.warn sb.todo(警告某人做)→例句：The police warn us to drive carefully. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 1.miss doing(错过做)→例句：I miss seeing the film last night. 2.consider doing(考虑做)→例句：He considers studying abroad next year. 3.feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. 4.suggest doing(建议做)→例句：She suggests going for a walk after dinner.. 5.risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks losing his job by doing that. 6.keep on doing(继续做)一例句：He keeps on working though he is tired. 7.can't help doing(忍不住做)一例句：Ican't help laughing when I see the funny picture 8.be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner.. 9.give up doing(放弃做)→例句：He gives up smoking finally. 10.imagine doing(想象做)→例句：I imagine living on the moon. 固定短语搭配（中考常考）： l.pay attention to doing(注意做)一→例句：Please pay attention to listening to the teacher, 2.be worth doing(值得做)→例句：The book is worth reading. 3.be used to doing（习惯做)→例句：I am used to getting up early. 3.done(过去分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.get done(被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 2.have sth.done(让某事a被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month, 3.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：I see the window broken. 4.hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：I hear the song sung in English. 5.make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：He makes his voice heard, 6.want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句：I want my room cleaned. 7.need sth.done(需要某事被做)→例句：The house needs painted. 8.find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句：I find the work finished. 9.leave sth.done(让某事处于被做状态)→例句：le leaves the door locked, l0.keep sth.done(使某事保持被做状态)→例句：We keep the classroom cleaned.. 特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： l.be+done(被动语态)→例句：The book is written by Lu Xun. 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.done作定语→例句：I have a broken pen. 3.done作表语→例句：The door is closed. 考法精析 考法一：不带o的不定式辨析 核心：根据动词类型（情态动词、使役动词、感官动词等）或固定搭配，判断是否使用不带o的不 定式 真题1（语法填空)： My mother made me(clean)my room before going out. 答案：clean 解析：使役动词make后接宾语me时，需用不带to的不定式作宾补，即make sb.do sth,故填动 词原形clean。 真题2（单项选择）： We saw the girl-the classroom quietly just now. A to enter B enters C enter Dentered 答案：C 解析：感官动词see后接宾语the girl时，用不带to的不定式作宾补，即see sb.do sth.,表示看到 动作的全过程，故填动词原形enter。 考法二：不定式时态与语态综合运用 核心：结合上下文语境判断不定式动作与谓语动词的时间关系及主被动关系，选择正确的不定式时 态和语态形式 真题1（语法填空）： He pretended_(read)when his mother came in,but the book was upside down. 答案：to be reading 解析：pretended为谓语动词，“读书”这一动作与“假装”同时进行，强调动作正在进行，应用不 定式进行式to be reading。 真题2（单项选择)： The novel is saidinto several languages already. A.to translate B.to be translated C.to have translated D.to have been translated 答案：D 解析：“被翻译成多种语言”发生在“is said”之前，且novel与translate为被动关系，应用不定式 完成被动式to have been translated。 考法三：不定式的综合应用与特殊结构辨析 6 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 核心：结合不定式的句法功能（作主语、宾语、定语等）、不带0的情况及”疑问词+不定式”结 构，综合判断语境中不定式的正确形式与用法 真题1（单项选择）： He told me_too much time playing computer games. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don't spend D.not spend 答案：A 解析：tell后接不定式作宾补，否定形式为”not to+动词原形”，符合知识点一否定式'not to+动词 原形”及知识点二作宾语补足语的结构要求。 真题2（语法填空)： I don't know how _(solve)this math problem.Can you help me? 答案：to solve 解析：此处为”疑问词+不定式”结构(how to solve),作know的宾语，符合知识点三”疑问词+ 不定式”作宾语的用法，结构为”凝问词+todo”。 解题小妙招 不定式解题妙招 不带to式看动词，情态使役感官动： make/let/have加宾补，不定式省to记心中； see/hear/watch sb.do,强调全程不带to。 时态判断看先后，同时进行“to be doing"”; 动作已完“to have done”,一般情况原形用。 语态主动“主谓”定，被动“to be done”跟； 完成被动“to have been done'”,being done进行中。 逻辑主语辨for/of,形容人品质用of: for接名词或代词，不定式结构要记牢。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.She was heard an English song in the next room yesterday A sing B to sing Csinging D sung 2.It's necessary for usprotective equipment when working with chemicals A wear B to wear C wearing Dworn 3.The children pretendedwhen their father came back A to sleep B sleeping Cto be sleeping D asleep 4.This novel is said_into Chinese by a famous translator last year 7 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 A to translate B to be translated C to have translated D to have been translated 5.You'd better the meeting on time,or you will miss important information A attend B to attend C attending D attended 6.this math problem in five minutes is challenging for most students A Solve B To solve C Solving DSolved 7.I saw himthe classroom quietly without saying a word A leave B to leave C leaving Dleft 8.It's kindyoume with my homework every day A for;help B of,to help C for;to help D of;help 9.The teacher told us_so much noise during the exam A don't make B not make Cnot to make D not making 10.He seems_in this city for more than ten years A to live B to have lived C living D having lived 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We decided(visit)the museum next Sunday 2.My parents often tell me(not spend)too much time playing video games 3.The workers were made_(work)for twelve hours a day in the past 4.It's important for students(develop)good learning habits 5.She hopes_(admit)to her dream university next year 6.You needn't (wait)for me;I can take a taxi home 7.They plan(travel)to Europe during the summer vacation 8.I heard her(sing)an English song when I passed by her room 9.This difficult problem needs(solve)as soon as possible 10.The boss required all employees-(attend)the meeting tomorrow morning 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Learning a foreign language is a challenging but rewarding journey.Many students find it difficult (master)grammar rules,especially when_(deal)with advanced structures like infinitives.To learn English well,it's important(practice)regularly and-(use)the language in real situations. Teachers often encourage students_(read)English novels and_(watch)English movies to improve their language skills.It'sreported that some students even pretend(be)native speakerswhen-(communicate) with foreigners.However,remember that language learning requires patience-don't expect_(become) fluent overnight. 8 高中译林版高中英语语法全解 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 For those_(want)to achieve success,the key is to keep practicing and never give up. 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3.C4.D5.A6B7.A8.B9.C10B 1.to visit 2.not to spend 3.to work 4.to develop 5.to be admitted 6.wait 7.to travel 8.sing 9.to be solved 10.to attend 1.to master 2.dealing 3.to practice 4.use 5.to read 6.watch 7.to be 8.communicating 9.to become 10.wanting 9