特殊结构与综合语法 主谓一致系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【语法专版】主谓一致全解 语法专版 主谓一致系统讲解 特殊结构与综合语法 考频分析 译林版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，主谓一致是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核 心考察，直接影响句子结构正确性与逻辑一致性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的语法规则及 特殊句式应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。语法规则辨析：主语单复数形式与谓语动词的匹配（如不可数名词、集合名词作主语时的谓语形式） 。特殊结构应用：就近原则(there be句型、not only..but also..等)、就远原则(with、as well as等) 的判断与动词形式选择 。语境时态结合：在不同时态（如一般现在时、现在完成时）中主谓一致的保持，以及主谓倒装句中 的动词形式确定 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原则及特殊情况 1.基本原则：主语与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致 ·语法规则：单数主语（第三人称单数/不可数名词/单数可数名词）后接动词第三人称单数形式： 复数主语（名词复数/第一、二人称代词）后接动词原形（一般现在时） 。例句： 1.She studies English every day.(主语she为第三人称单数，动词用studies) 2.They play basketball after school..(主语they为复数，动词用play) 2.特殊情况：主语为集合名词时的一致问题 ·强调整体概念：视为单数，谓语用单数形式→例句：The class is listening to the teacher.(班级整 体在听课) ·强调个体成员：视为复数，谓语用复数形式→例句：The class are preparing for the exam.（班级 成员各自准备考试) 1 高中译林版 【语法专版】 主谓一致全解 3.特殊情况：”分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时的一致规则 ·语法规则：谓语动词的数由o后的名词决定（名词为可数复数时用复数，不可数名词/单数可数 名词时用单数) ·例句： 1.Two thirds of the students are girls..(students为复数，谓语用are) 2.Half of the water is left.(water为不可数名词，谓语用is) 4.特殊情况：并列主语的一致原则 。and连接并列主语：表示整体概念时视为单数，分开表不同个体时视为复数→例句： l.Bread and milk is my breakfast.(整体概念，用is) 2.The writer and the teacher are from China.(不同个体，用are) 。就近原则(not only.but also./either.or.neither..nor.):谓语与最近的主语保持一致→例句： Not only he but also his parents like music.(parents离谓语更近，用like) 知识点二：主谓一致核心规则 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） ·单数主语（可数名词单数/不可数名词/单数代词）→谓语用单数 。例句： 1.The book is on the desk.(主语the book是单数，be动词用is) 2.Water boils at 100C.(不可数名词water,谓语boil用三单形式boils) ·复数主语（可数名词复数/复数代词）一谓语用复数 。例句： I.These students study hard every day..(students是复数，谓语study用原形) 2.They are my best friends.(复数代词they,be动词用are) 2.意义一致原则（主语形式为单数，意义为复数时谓语用复数：反之亦然） ·集体名词表整体→单数谓语：表成员→复数谓语 。常见集体名词：family(家庭/家人)、class(班级/同学)、team（团队/队员) ●例句： 1.Our class is a big family..(class表整体“班级”，用is) 2.Our class are playing basketball on the playground.(class表成员“同学们”，用are) ·复数形式名词表单数意义→单数谓语 ·常见词：news(新闻)、maths(数学)、hysics(物理) ·例句：The news is very exciting.(news形式复数，意义单数，用is) 2 高中译林版 【语法专版】 主谓一致全解 3.就近一致原则（主语含“or/either.or.neither..nor.not only.but also.”时，谓语与最近主语一致) 。either..or.(要么…要么…)→例句：Either you or he is right..(最近主语he是三单，用is) 。neither..nor..(既不…也不…)→例句：Neither the teacher nor the students are in the classroom. (最近主语students是复数，用are) 。not only..but also.(不仅…而且…)→例句：Not only my parents but also I am interested in music.(最近主语I是第一人称，用am) 4.特殊结构的主谓一致 ·“a number of+复数名词”（许多…）一→复数谓语；“the number of+复数名词”(…的数量) →单数谓语 ·例句： 1.A number of students are in the library.(许多学生，用are) 2.The number of students in our class is50.(学生数量，用is) ·“each/evey+单数名词+and+each/evey+单数名词”→单数谓语→例句：Each boy and each girl has a new book.(每个男孩和每个女孩，用has) 。“one of+复数名词”(…之一)→单数谓语：“the only one of+复数名词”(…中唯一的一 个)→单数谓语 。例句： 1.One of the girls is from America.(女孩之一，用is) 2.He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.(唯一通过考试的学生，用has) 知识点三：主谓一致特殊规则 1.集体名词作主语的主谓一致（中考核心） ·强调整体时，谓语动词用单数→例句：The class is going to have a picnic tomorrow.(全班计划明 天去野餐。) 。强调成员时，谓语动词用复数→例句：The class are discussing their favorite books now.(全班正 在讨论各自喜欢的书。) 2.不定代词作主语的主谓一致（中考易错） ·复合不定代词(everyone,.everything,someone,something等)作主语时，谓语动词用单数一→例 句：Everyone in our class likes English.(我们班每个人都喜欢英语。) ·both,few,many,several等作主语时，谓语动词用复数一→例句：Both of the answers are correct.(两 个答案都是对的。) 3.特殊句式的主谓一致（中考常考） 3 高中译林版 【语法专版】主谓一致全解 。here be句型遵循“就近原则”(be动词与最近的主语保持一致)→例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk.(桌上有一本书和两支笔。)→例句：There are two pens and a book on the desk. (桌上有两支笔和一本书。) ·“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词与of后的名词保持一致→例句：Three fourths of the water is clean.(四分之三的水是干净的。)→例句：Three fourths of the students are from China. (四分之三的学生来自中国。) 4.并列主语的主谓一致（中考拓展） ·and连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用复数（表示整体概念时用单数）→例句：Tom and Mike are good friends.(汤姆和迈克是好朋友。)→例句：Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast..(面 包黄油是我最喜欢的早餐。) 。either.or.,neither.nor.遵循“就近原则”一例句：Either you or he is right.(要么你对，要么他 对。)→例句：Neither the teacher nor the students know the answer..（老师和学生都不知道答案。) 考法精析 考法一：主谓一致特殊情况辨析 核心：依据主语的特殊结构（如集合名词、分数/百分数+o+名词、并列主语等)，判断谓语动词的 单复数形式 真题1（语法填空）： Two fifths of the land in that area (be)covered with trees. 答案：is 解析：“分数+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由of后的名词决定。此处名词land为不可数名 词，视为单数，故用is。 真题2（单项选择)： Not only my brother but also I_interested in playing basketball. A.am B.is C.are D.be 答案：A 解析：not only..but also..连接并列主语时遵循就近原则，谓语动词与最近的主语I保持一致，I后 用am,故选A。 考法二：主谓一致与非谓语动词结合 核心：在包含非谓语动词的句子中，判断主句或从句的主语与谓语动词的数的一致性 真题1（语法填空）： To learn English well_(require)a lot of practice.Many students spend hours _(study)every day. 答案：requires studying 解析：第一空，“To learn English well”为动词不定式作主语，视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数 形式requires:第二空，spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，应用动名词studying。 4 高中译林版 【语法专版】 主谓一致全解 真题2（单项选择)： The class_(be)preparing for the coming exam,and each student_(have)a lot of homework_(finish) A.is has finishing B.are has to finish C.are have to finish D.is have finishing 答案：B 解析：第一空，“The class”强调个体成员，谓语用复数are;第二空，主语“each student”为第三 人称单数，谓语用has:第三空，用动词不定式to finish作后置定语修饰homework。 考法三：主谓一致与时态、语态的综合运用 核心：结合主谓一致规则判断主语单复数，根据时间标志词确定时态，同时识别动作的主动/被动关 系选择语态 真题1（单项选择)： Not only the students but also their teacher_invited to the party yesterday A was B were C is D are 答案：A 解析：主语由”not only.but also.”连接，遵循就近原则，最近主语their teacher'”为单数：由时间 标志词'yester day'可知用一般过去时：”被邀请需用被动语态，单数主语的一般过去时被动结构 为”was+过去分词'，此处省略过去分词仅考查be动词形式。 真题2（语法填空）： Three fifths of the work_(finish)so far and the rest_(need)to be done by next week 答案：has been finished needs 解析：第一空，分数+of计不可数名词wok”作主语，谓语与wok保持一致用单数；由标志词'so far”可知用现在完成时，”工作被完成”需被动语态，故填has been finished”。第二空主语he rest (of the work)”为不可数名词，视为单数；”需要被做'用主动表被动结构'need doing”,此处需填 need的三单形式”needs”。 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 特殊结构辨单复，集合名词看含义： 分数百分数作主语，of后名词定谓语： 并列主语就近看，not only but also是关键： 不定式动名词作主语，视为单数莫忘记： each every后接名词，谓语动词用单数。 非谓语动词妙招 非谓形式有三种，to do doing和done: 作主语用不定式或动名词，视为单数要记清： 5 高中译林版 【语法专版】主谓一致全解 spend time后接doing,固定搭配别混淆： 名词后接不定式，后置定语表将来： require doing表被动，主动形式被动义。 综合应用妙招 时态语态主谓非谓综合考，先定时态再看主被动： so far标志现在完成时，被动结构have been done: next Monday提示将来时，被动要用will be done: 结合语境辨时态，依据主语定谓单复： 非谓功能要分明，定语状语判断清。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.A large number of students in our class_interested in science. A.am B.is C.are D.be 2.The family watching TV together when the doorbell rang. A.was B.were C.is D.are 3.Three quarters of the work-been done,and the rest-to be finished tomorrow. A.has;is B.have;are C.has;are D.have;is 4.Either you or your brother responsible for the mistake. A.am B.is C.are D.be 5.Swimming in the lake_very dangerous,so no oneallowed to do that. A.is;is B.are;are C.is;are D.are;is 6.Not only the children but also their father to the park every Sunday. A.go B.goes C.went D.going 7.The book,including five short stories,popular among teenagers. A.is B.are C.was D.were 8.To solve this problem-great patience and skills A.require B.requires C.requiring D.to require 9.Each of the studentsa dictionary,and they_it every day. A.has;use B.have;uses C.has;uses D.have;use 10.The news_surprising,but all of us_calm. A.is,remains B.are;remain C.is;remain D.are;remains 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 6 高中译林版 【语法专版】 主谓一致全解 1.One third of the apple(be)eaten by my sister just now. 2.My brother,as well as his friends,(like)playing football after school. 3.There(be)a pen and two books on the desk. 4.She told me that the meeting(hold)in the hall tomorrow. 5.-(learn)a foreign language well-(need)consistent practice 6.The teacher,together with her students,(visit)the museum next week. 7.Neither the manager nor the workers-(know)the truth about the accident. 8.The number of cars in the city(increase)rapidly in the past five years. 9.He was seen(enter)the building at 9 o'clock last night. 10.A lot of time(spend)on this project since last month. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） It is known to all that reading books(be)a good habit.Not only can it broaden our horizons,but it also _(help)us improve our language skills.However,many students find it hard to(stick)to reading regularly. Last year,our school(start)a"Reading Month"activity.Over 80 percent of the students(take)part in it actively.They_(encourage)to read at least one book per week and share their thoughts in class.Some students even(organize)book clubs to discuss their favorite novels. As for me,I (choose)to read *To Kill a Mockingbird*last month.(read)this book (teach)me the importance of justice and kindness.I_(decide)to keep reading more classic works in the future. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.A4.B5.A6B7.A8.B9.A10.C 1.was 2.likes 3.is 4.will be held 5.To learn;needs 6.will visit 7.know 8.has increased 9.to enter 10.has been spent 1.is 2.helps 3.started 4.took 5.were encouraged 6.organized 7.chose 8.Reading 9.taught 10.have decided 7