特殊结构与综合语法 高中阶段常见固定句型与结构-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法全解 【专题】高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 特殊结构与综合语法 考频分析 译林版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，高中阶段常见固定句型与结构是重点语法模块，考频占句法总 量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、 书面表达（核心考察，直接影响句式多样性与表达准确性）。在语境应用类题目中，固定句型的结 构搭配、介词选择及逻辑关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构识别：It is/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth中for与of的选用规则，It takes sb some time to do sth的时态变化，There be句型的主谓一致及各种时态形式（如There will be/There has been) 。句式转换应用：“疑问词+不定式”结构在宾语从句中的替换运用，“so/1ch.…hat”结构中s0与 such的修饰对象差异及句型转换 。语境综合运用：结合具体语境判断固定句型的适用场景，如t作形式主语的句型在书面表达中的恰 当使用，There be句型与have/has的用法区别 知识点一：高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 1.It is/was+adj.for/of sb to do sth 。用法区别：for强调事物特征(adj.多为客观描述，如important/difficult):of强调人的品质(adj 多为主观评价，如kind/foolish) 。例句 1.It is important for us to learn English well.(for结构，强调学英语的重要性) 2.It was kind of her to help the old man.(of结构，强调她乐于助人的品质) 2.It takes sb some time to do sth ·基本结构：表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”，t为形式主语，真正主语为不定式to do sth 。例句： 1 高中译林版 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 l.It takes me two hours to finish my homework every day.(花费两小时完成作y业) 2.It took him three days to travel to Beijing by train.(过去时态，花费三天乘火车去北京) 3.There be句型的各种时态与变体 ●常见时态：一般现在时(There is/are.)、一般过去时(There was/.were.)、一般将来时(There will be../There is going to be...) 。变体结构：There seems to be.(似乎有)、There happened to be.(碰巧有) ·例句： l.There are three books on the desk.(一般现在时，复数主语) 2.There will be a meeting tomorrow afternoon.(一般将来时) 3.There happened to be nobody in the room when I came in.(变体结构，碰巧没人) 4.“疑问词+不定式”结构 。常见疑问词：what/how/when/where/which,后接不定式构成名词性短语，可作主语、宾语或表语 。例句： 1.Idon't know how to solve this problem.(作宾语，如何解决问题) 2.When to start the project is still under discussion.(作主语，何时开始项目) 5.“so/such...that..”结果状语结构 ·用法区别：so后接形容词/副词：such后接名词短语(such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数；such+ ad.+不可数名词/可数名词复数) ·例句： 1.He ran so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.(so+fast) 2.She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her.(such+a+adj.+可数名词单数) 3.They have such interesting books that children want to read them again.(such+adj.+可数名词 复数) 知识点二：高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 1.It is/was+adj.for/of sb to do sth 。用法区别 1.for sb:形容词描述事物特征（如easy,difficult,important),表示“做某事对某人来说是… 的” 2.ofsb:形容词描述人的品质（如kind,clever,foolish),表示“某人做某事是…的” ·结构与例句 l.for sb结构：Itis+adj.+for sb+to do sth 例句：It is important for us to learn English well..(important描述事物特征) 高中译林版 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 2.ofsb结构：Itis+ad.+ofsb+to do sth 例句：It is kind of you to help me.(kimd描述人的品质) 2.It takes sb some time to do sth ●基本结构：It takes+sb+时间段+to do sth(it为形式主语，真正主语是to do sth) 。时态变化 1.一般现在时：It takes sb some time to do sth 例句：It takes me30 minutes to walk to school every day. 2.一般过去时：It took sb some time to do sth 例句：It took her2 hours to finish the homework yesterday.. 。同义转换：Sb spends some time(in)doing sth 例句：I spend30 ninutes(in)walking to school every day. 3.There be句型的各种时态与变体 。一般现在时：There is/are..(be动词单复数由后面名词决定) 例句：There is a book on the desk.(单数)：There are two pens in the pencil box.(复数) 。一般过去时：There was/were. 例句：There was a park here last year.(单数)；There were many trees in the forest before.(复数) 。一般将来时：There will be../There is/are going to be. There will be a meeting tomorrow.:There is going to be a football match next week. 。现在完成时：There has/have been.. 例句：There has been a big change in our city since20l0.(单数)；There have been many new books in the library recently.(复数) 4.“疑问词+不定式”结构 ·构成：疑问词(what,how,when,where,which)+to do sth(相当于名词性从句) ●作主语：How to solve the problem is very important. 。作宾语：Idon't know what to buy for my mother.. ●作表语：The question is where to go tomorrow. 5.“so/such.that.”结果状语结构 ·s0.that..:s0+形容词/副词+that从句 He is so tall that he can reach the top of the shelf.;She runs so fast that no one can catch her. ●slch.that.:such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+that从句 It is such a beautiful day that we want to go out.:They are such interesting books that I read them twice ·区别：so修饰形容词/副词，such修饰名词（名词前可带形容词） 3 高中译林版 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 知识点三：There be句型 1.基本结构（中考必背) ·肯定句：There+be动词+主语+地点状语→例句：There is a book on the desk, 。否定句：There+be动词+not+主语+地点状语→例句：There isn't a cat in the room. ·一般疑问句：Be动词+there+主语+地点状语？→例句：Is there a park near your home? 。特殊疑问句：疑问词+be动词+there+地点状语？一→例句：How many students are there in your class? 2.时态变化（中考核心) 。一般现在时：There is/are.→例句：There are three apples in the basket, 。一般过去时：There was/were.→例句：There was a football match yesterday. ●一般将来时：There will be../There is going to be.→例句：There will be a party next Saturday. 。现在完成时：There have/has been..→例句：There have been great changes in our city.. 3.特殊变体（中考易错） ●There be+名词+doing→例句：There is a bird singing in the tree 。There be+名词+todo→例句：There is a lot of work to do today. 。There be+no+名词+but+动词原形→例句：There is no time but to leave now. ●There be+主语+介词短语→例句：There is a bridge over the river. 考法精析 考法一：Itis/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth结构辨析 核心：根据形容词的属性（客观描述事物特征用fo,主观评价人品质用of),选择正确的介词搭配 真题1（语法填空)： It is importantus to protect the environment. 答案：for 解析：形容词important表示事物特征（保护环境的重要性），用for结构。 真题2（完形填空）： It was kind_her to help the homeless man. A.for B.of C.with D.to 答案：B 解析：形容词kind表示人的品质（她乐于助人的品质），用of结构。 4 高中译林版 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 考法二：固定句型中非谓语动词的应用 核心：结合固定句型的结构要求，判断非谓语动词的形式（不定式、动名词、分词）及语态、时态 真题1（语法填空）： It is important for us_(protect)the environment. 答案：to protect 解析：该句为'Itis+adj.+for sb to do sth'”固定句型，其中不定式to do sth作真正主语，故填to protect。. 真题2（单项选择)： She would rather books thanTV. A.reading;watching B.read;watch C.to read,to watch D.read;watching 答案：B 解析：该句为"would rather do A than do B”固定句型，would rather和than后均接动词原形，故选择 B项。 考法三：固定句型综合辨析与应用 核心：结合”It is/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth”、”so/such.that”及”疑问词+不定式”结构，在语 境中辨析句型差异并正确运用 真题1（单项选择）： It was_of you to help the old lady cross the road.Everyone thinks you are a_person. A.kind,so kind B.kind;such kind C.important;so important D.important;such important 答案：A 解析：第一空根据”形容人的品质”用ofsb”结构，排除C、D:第二空”s0+dj”修饰形容词， ”s1ch”后需接名词，此处kind”为形容词，用”so kind',故选A。 真题2（语法填空）： Could you tell me how_(solve)this math problem?It's_difficult that I can't work it out. 答案：to solve::so 解析：第一空疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，填'to solve”;第二空'so+adj”修饰形容词difficult, 构成”s0.hat.”结果状语从句，填”s0”。 解题小妙招 介词搭配妙招 形容词性定介词，客观特征用for: 主观品质用of,两词搭配要记牢； for接事物特征明，of连人品评价高： 5 高中译林版 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 固定句型常遇见，辨清属性错不了。 非谓形式妙招 固定句型非谓辨，不定式常作真主语： “疑问词+不定式”结构，宾语位置它来填： would rather后接原形，than后形式要一致； suggest动词很特别，后接动名词作宾语： 牢记句型结构要求，非谓形式准无误。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.It is careless him to leave the door unlocked. A.for B.of C.with D.to 2.She stopped_to me because she neededher homework first. A.talking;finish B.to talk;finishing C.talking;to finish D.to talk;finish 3.more books is a good way to improve your English. A.Read B.Reading C.To read D.Readed 4.The film was moving that many people cried A.so B.such C.very D.too 5.You'd betterhere.Smoking is not allowed in public places. A.not smoke B.not to smoke C.don't smoke D.not smoking 6.The question is when the sports meeting. A.hold B.holding C.to hold D.held 7.you study,results you will get. A.Harder;better B.The harder:better C.The harder:the better D.Harder:the better 8.It was the first time that she_abroad alone. A.travel B.traveled C.has traveled D.had traveled 9.I prefer to music rather thanTV. A.listen;watch B.listening;watching C.to listen;watch D.listening;watch 10.The book by Mo Yan is worth_ A.writing;reading B.written;reading C.written;to read D.writing;to read 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.It takes me half an hour(walk)to school every day. 6 高中译林版 【专题】 特殊结构与综合语法 2.There(be)a football match on TV tonight. 3.(not be)late for class,or the teacher will be angry. 4.He speaks English as if he(be)a native speaker. 5.She didn't go home until she(finish)all the work. 6.It is necessary for us_(learn)to solve problems by ourselves. 7.Remember(close)the window before you leave the room. 8.The more you practice,the(fluent)your English will be. 9.They would rather(stay)at home than go out on rainy days. 10.This story isinteresting that all children love it. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Dear Tom, I'm glad to hear you're interested in learning Chinese.Here are some tips for you.First,it's important 1(practice)speaking every day.You can join a Chinese club or talk with native speakersthis will help you2(improve)quickly.Second,reading Chinese books or news is also helpful.3(read)can expand your vocabulary and improve your understanding of the language. Another tip is to watch Chinese movies.Many students find 4interesting to learn through films,as they can hear real conversations and see cultural contexts.If you don't understand a word,try 5(guess)its meaning first instead of looking it up immediately. Don't worry if you make mistakes.Remember,the more you practice,the 6(confident)you will feel. You'd better 7(set)a daily goal,such as learning 10 new words each day.Why not s(start)with simple topics like food or hobbies? It was the first time I9(teach)someone Chinese,but I believe we can make progress together.Let me know when 10(meet)next week-I'l1 bring you a Chinese dictionary! Best wishes, Li Hua 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.A5.A6.C7.C8D9D10B 1.to walk 2.will be/is going to be 3.Don't be 4.were 5.had finished 6.to learn 7.to close 8.more fluent 9.stay 10.so 1.to practice 2.(to)improve 3.Reading 4.it 5.to guess/guessing 6.more confident 7.set 8.start 9.had taught 10.to meet 7