句法 名词性从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【寒假专版】A版句法全解 寒假专版 【专题】名词性从句系统讲解 句法专项突破 考频分析 译林版高中英语句法中，名词性从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的30%左右，贯穿试卷所 有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响 句子结构与逻辑表达。在语境理解类题目中，名词性从句的连接词选择、语序及时态一致性往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 ·从句类型识别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的结构特征与功能判断 。连接词选择：that、whether/if、what、who、which、when、where、why、how等连接词的用法区别 与语境匹配 ·语序与时态：陈述句语序的坚持，主句与从句时态的呼应规则（如主句为过去时，从句用相应过去 时态) 知识点一：名词性从句的分类及基础用法 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，常用t作形式主语） 1.引导词：that（无意义，不充当成分)、whether（是否)、连接代词(what/who/.which/whose)、连接 副词(when/where/why/how) 2.例句： ·That she will come tomorrow is certain.(that引导，陈述事实) ·What he said surprised everyone..(what在从句中作宾语) ·It is unknown whether they will agree.(it作形式主语，whether引导真正主语) 2.宾语从句（在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语） 1.引导词：that(可省略)、if/whether(是否)、连接代词/副词（用法同主语从句） 1 高中译林版 【寒假专版】A版句法全解 2.语序：陈述语序（主语+谓语) 3.例句： ·I think(that)he is right..(及物动词think的宾语，that可省略) ·She asked if/whether we would go with her.(if/whether表“是否”) 。We are talking about where to hold the party.(介词about的宾语) 3.表语从句（在句中作系动词后的表语） 1.引导词：that(不可省略)、whether、连接代词/副词 2.例句： ●The fact is that he has never been abroad.(that引导，说明事实) ·The question is whether we can finish on time.(whether表“是否”) ·This is how he solved the problem.(how在从句中作方式状语) 4.同位语从句（解释说明前面名词的具体内容) 1.常见先行词：fact/idea/news/promise/question/doubt等 2.引导词：that(不可省略，不充当成分)、whether(是否) 3.例句： 。We heard the news that our team had won.(解释news的内容) ●There is no doubt that he will succeed.(doubt后的同位语从句，that表肯定) ·I have a question whether they will come.(whether☑引导，解释question的内容) 知识点二：名词性从句分类及用法 1.主语从句（在复合句中作主语） 1.连接词：hat(无意义，不充当成分，不可省略)、whether（是否，不充当成分)、wat(什么，作 主语/宾语/表语)、wh0(谁，作主语/宾语)、which(哪一个，作主语/宾语)、how（如何，作方式 状语)、when(何时，作时间状语)、where(何地，作地点状语)、why(为何，作原因状语) 2.结构：连接词+陈述句语序 3.例句： ●That she will come tomorrow is certain.(that引导，无意义，不可省略；从句作主语) ·What he said surprised everyone.(what在从句中作said的宾语：“他说的话”作主语) ·Whether we can finish the work on time depends on our efforts.(whether表“是否”，不可省略；从 句作主语) 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版句法全解 2.宾语从句（在复合句中作动词/介词的宾语) l.连接词：that(无意义，口语中可省略)、if/whether(是否)、what/who/which/how/when/where/why (同主语从句) 2.结构：主句+连接词+陈述句语序 3.例句： 。I think(hat)she is a good student..(that引导动词think的宾语，可省略) ·He asked if/whether we would go to the party..(if/whether表“是否”，引导asked的宾语) ·She is interested in what he is doing.(what引导介词in的宾语，在从句中作doing的宾语) 3.表语从句（在复合句中作系动词的表语） I.连接词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否，不可用if)、what/who/which/how/when/where/why (同主语从句)、as if/as though(好像) 2.结构：主句（主语+系动词）+连接词+陈述句语序 3.例句： ·The fact is that he has never been to Beijing.(that引导表语从句，不可省略；系动词is后作表语) ·That's why she didn't attend the meeting.(why在从句中作原因状语；“那就是她没参会的原因”) ·It seems as if it is going to rain.(asif表“好像”，引导表语从句) 4.同位语从句（在复合句中解释说明名词的内容） 1.常接同位语从句的名词：fact(事实)、news(消息)、idea(想法)、tuth(真相)、hope(希望)、 belief(信念)、suggestion(建议)、order(命令)等 2.连接词：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether（是否) 3.结构：名词+连接词+陈述句语序（从句与名词是同位关系） 4.例句： ●The news that our team won the game made us excited.(that引导同位语从句，解释news的内容；“我 们队赢了比赛的消息”) ·I have a belief that hard work will lead to success.(that引导同位语从句，解释belief的内容) ·There is some doubt whether he can solve the problem.(whether引导同位语从句，解释doubt的内 容) 知识点三：名词性从句 1.主语从句 3 高中译林版 【寒假专版】A版句法全解 1.基础连接词（中考必背)： 。that(无意义，不省略)→例句：That she passed the exam makes her parents happy. 。whether(是否)→例句：Whether we will go to the zoo depends on the weather 。what（什么，所…的事物)→例句：What he said is very important. 。who(谁)→例句：Who will win the game is still unknown. ●how(如何)→例句：How we can solve the problem is a big question. 2.形式主语结构（中考常考）： ●Itis+adj.+that从句→例句：It is necessary that we study hard. ·Itis+n.+that从句→例句：It is a fact that the earth is round. 2.宾语从句 1.基础连接词（中考必背)： 。hat(可省略)→例句：I think(hat)he will come soon. 。if/whether(是否)→例句：he asks if I like English. ·what(什么)→例句：He doesn’t know what to do next ·when(何时)→例句：Can you tell me when the party will start? 。where(哪里)→例句：Please tell me where you live. 2.时态一致规则（中考易错）： ·主句为一般现在时，从句用任意时态→例句：I know he went to Beijing yesterday. 。主句为一般过去时，从句用过去相关时态→例句：She said she would come back soon, 3.表语从句 1.常用连接词（中考核心)： 。that(无意义)→例句：The fact is that he is honest. 。whether(是否)→例句：The question is whether we can finish it on time, 。why(为什么)→例句：That's why he was late for school. 。because(因为)→例句：The reason is because he missed the bus. ·asif(好像)→例句：She looks as if she were tired. 考法精析 考法一：连接词that与what的区分 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版句法全解 核心：识别从句是否缺成分，that不充当成分，wat在从句中作主语、宾语或表语 真题1（语法填空)： -he wants is a new computer. 答案：What 解析：主语从句中缺宾语，需用连接代词what(表示“…的东西”)：that无意义且不充当成分， 不可用于此处。 真题2（完形填空）： The fact he failed the exam made his teacher angry. A.what B.that C.which D.how 答案：B 解析：先行词为fact,同位语从句解释其内容，从句完整不缺成分，用hat引导(tht在同位语从 句中不可省略)。 考法二：连接词选择与语序辨析 核心：根据从句类型及语境选择合适连接词，并确保从句使用陈述语序 真题1（语法填空)： I don't know the meeting will start.Could you tell me? 答案：when 解析：空后从句意为“会议将何时开始”，缺时间状语，用连接副词when;从句用陈述语序“the meeting will start”符合规则。 真题2（单项选择)： The teacher asked us_ A.what is our favorite subject B.what our favorite subject is C.what was our favorite subject D.what our favorite subject was 答案：D 解析：主句为过去时(asked),从句用过去相关时态，排除A、B:宾语从句需用陈述语序（主语+ 谓语)，our favorite subject为主语，was为谓语，故选D。 考法三：名词性从句的综合运用（连接词选择+时态+语序） 核心：结合连接词功能（如that/whether/what的区别）、时态一致原则（主句与从句时态呼应）及 陈述语序规则（主语+谓语）解答复合题型 真题1（单项选择)： 高中译林版 【寒假专版】A版句法全解 She asked me I to the party the next day. A.if;will go B.that;go C.whether;would go D.what;went 答案：C 解析：主句'asked'为过去时，从句需用过去相关时态，排除A;”asked'后表疑问用whether/if(是 否)，不用that/what,.排除B、D;"the next day”表将来，结合过去时主句，从句用过去将来时wouldgo。 真题2（语法填空)： It is truehe_(finish)the work before we arrived yesterday. 答案：that:had finished 解析：第一空引导主语从句(it为形式主语)，从句表事实用hat(不可省略)：主句'It is true”为现在 时，从句中”arrived yesterday'为过去时，'finish”发生在'arrived'之前，用过去完成时had finished.。 解题小妙招 名词性从句妙招 连接词选看成分，缺主宾表用what,不缺成分用that: 是否含义用if/whether,条件状语不用if: 陈述语序要牢记，主谓位置别颠倒： 时态一致看主句，主过从过要呼应： 虚拟语气看句型，necessary/important后的that从句用should加动原。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.he will come to the party depends on his parents'permission. A That B if C Whether d What 2.The problem is we can solve the environmental pollution in such a short time. A that b ifC whether dwhat 3.I have no doubt he will pass the driving test. A whether B that c if d what 4.She asked me I had seen her keys or not. A that B if C whether D what 5.surprised us most was that he spoke English so fluently. A What B That C Which D Who 6.The teacher said that the earth_around the sun. A goes B went C will go D has gone 6 高中译林版 【寒假专版】A版句法全解 7.It is important that weattend the lecture tomorrow. A will B should C would D can 8.I don't knowthe meeting will be held. A what B where C which D whose 9.He told me he had bought a new car. A what B that C if D whether 10.There is a question_we need to change our plan A that B if C whether D what 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.she will arrive on time is still unknown. 2.The news_our team won the game made everyone excited. 3.I wonder he can help us with the project. 4.he needs most is a good rest. 5.It is a fact English is widely used in the world. 6.She asked me I had finished my homework. 7.The problem iswe can solve it in such a short time. 8.you said just now made me think deeply. 9.I have no idea the concert will start. 10.It is necessary that we_study hard for the exam. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Many students wonder 1.they can improve their English quickly.Some believe 2.the key is to mem- orize as many words as possible,but others doubt 3.-this method really works.4.-experts suggest is that students should focus on practical use.It is important that learners 5.-(practice)speaking and writing every day. A recent study shows 6.-students who communicate with native speakers make faster progress.How- ever,there is still a question 7.-everyone has access to such opportunities.Teachers often remind us 8. we should not be afraid of making mistakes.9.-matters most is that we keep trying.It is said 10. consistency is the key to success in language learning. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3B4.C5.A6.A7B8B9B10.C 1.Whether 2.that 3.if/whether 4.What 5.that 6.if/whether 7.whether 8.What 9.when 10.(should) 1.how/whether 2.that 3.if/whether 4.What 5.(should)practice 6.that 7.whether 8.that 9.What 7 高中译林版 【寒假专版】 A版句法全解 10.that 8