句法 定语从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中句法译林版 【语法全解】 A版知识点全解 语法专版 定语从句系统讲解 定语从句专项突破 考频分析 译林版高中英语句法中，定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心 题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（长难句分析关键）。 在语境理解类题目中，关系代词、关系副词的选择及从句修饰对象的判断往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。关系词选用：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、why)的 指代对象与句法功能辨析 ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、意义差异及关系代词ht的使用限制 。特殊用法：介词+关系代词结构、as引导定语从句(such...as、the same.…as)、分隔式定语从句的识 别与应用 知识点一：定语从句的构成及基础用法 1.定义及构成（修饰名词代词，包含关系词+从句） 1.核心结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句（关系词指代先行词并在从句中作成分） 2.例句： 。This is the book that I bought yesterday.（先行词the book,关系代词that作宾语) ·The girl who is standing there is my sister.(先行词the girl,关系代词who作主语) 2.关系代词（指代人物，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语） 1.指人：who(主/宾)、whom(宾)、whose(定语) ·例句：The teacher whom we met yesterday is very kind.(whom作宾语) ●例句：I know the boy whose father is a doctor.(whose作定语表所属) 1 高中句法译林版 【语法全解】 A版知识点全解 2.指物：which(主/宾)、that(主/宾，可指人/物) ·例句：This is the house which was built in 1990.(which作主语) 。例句：The pen that I lost isred.(that作宾语，可省略) 3.关系副词（指代时间地点/原因，在从句中作状语） 1.when(时间)：修饰先行词time/day等 ·例句：I still remember the day when we first met..(when作时间状语) 2.where(地点)：修饰先行词place/house等 ·例句：This is the school where I studied..(where作地点状语) 3.why（原因)：修饰先行词reason 。例句：Tell me the reason why you were late.(why作原因状语) 4.限定性与非限定性定语从句（逗号隔开，补充说明） 1.非限定性：用逗号与主句隔开，不能用that,关系词不可省略 ·例句：My brother,who is a teacher,lives in Beijing.（补充说明哥哥的职业，去掉不影响主句完整) 2.限定性：无逗号，不可或缺 。例句：The students who study hard will pass the exam.(限定”努力学习的学生”，去掉则指代不明) 知识点二：定语从句基础及应用 1.定义与构成（修饰名词/代词的从句，作定语） 1.三要素 ·先行词（被修饰的名词/代词，如the book,those students) ·关系词（连接主句和从句，指代先行词，分关系代词和关系副词） ·定语从句（紧跟先行词，描述先行词的特征、性质或所属关系） 2.结构公式：先行词+关系词+从句剩余部分（主语、谓语、其他成分） 3.例句： ·This is the girl who helped me yesterday..(先行词the girl,.关系词who,从句：who helped me yesterday) ·I visited the city where my father was born.（先行词the city,关系词where,从句：where my father was born 2 高中句法译林版 【语法全解】 A版知识点全解 2.关系代词的用法（指代人物，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语) 1.who/whom(指人) 。who:在从句中作主语（不可省略） ·例句：The teacher who teaches us math is very kind.(who指代teacher,作从句主语) ·whom:在从句中作宾语（可省略，口语中可用who替换） ·例句：The boy whom you met yesterday is my brother.(whom指代boy,作met的宾语，可省略) 2.which(指物) ●在从句中作主语/宾语（宾语可省略） ●例句：The book which is on the desk is mine.(which指代book,作从句主语) ·例句：This is the pen which I bought yesterday.(which指代pen,作bought的宾语，可省略) 3.ht(指人/物，避免重复时用) 。指人时可替换who/whom,指物时可替换which:先行词被序数词/最高级/不定代词修饰时只能 用that ●例句：He is the first student that finished the task.(先行词被first修饰，用that) ●例句：All that glitters is not gold.(先行词为不定代词all,用that) 4.whose(指人/物的”的”，作定语) ·后接名词，表所属关系 ·例句：I know the girl whose father is a doctor.(whose指代girl的，修饰father) ·例句：This is the house whose windows are broken.(whose指代house的，修佈windows) 3.关系副词的用法（指代时间/地点/原因，在从句中作状语） l.when(指时间，先行词为时间名词，如day,year) 。从句中时间状语，可用”介词+which”替换 。例句：I still remember the day when I joined the club.(when=on which,在从句中作时间状语) 2.where(指地点，先行词为地点名词，如place,school) ·从句中地点状语，可用”介词+which”替换 ·例句：This is the school where I studied 10 years ago.(where=in which,在从句中作地点状语) 3.why(指原因，先行词通常为reason) ●从句中原因状语，可用”for+which”替换 ·例句：Tell me the reason why you were late.(why=for which,在从句中作原因状语) 3 高中句法译林版 【语法全解】 A版知识点全解 4.限定性与非限定性定语从句（逗号区分，意义不同） 1.限定性（无逗号，不可省略，缺之则主句意义不完整） 。例句：The students who wear red uniforms are from Class3.(限定穿红校服的'学生，去掉从句 则不知指哪些学生) 2.非限定性（有逗号，可省略，补充说明先行词，不用that) ●例句：My mother,.who is a teacher,.lovesreading.(逗号隔开，补充说明mother的职业，去掉从句 主句仍完整) 5.常见错误与注意事项 1.关系词与先行词指代不一致 。错误：He is the only one of the students who have passed the exam.(have→has,先行词为the only one,单数) ●正确：He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam. 2.重复使用代词 。错误：This is the house which I lived in it last year.(去掉it,which已指代house作宾语) 。正确：This is the house which I lived in last year. 3.不及物动词后缺介词 ·错误：The city where I was born in is very beautiful..（去掉in,where作状语=in which,in重复) ●正确：The city where I was born is very beautiful. 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（基础核心） 1.指人关系代词： ·who(先行词为人，作主语/宾语)→例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(作主 语) 。whom(先行词为人，作宾语)→例句：The boy whom you met yesterday is Tom.(作宾语) ●whose(先行词为人/物，作定语)→例句：This is the student whose mother is a doctor..(指人)/I like the book whose cover is blue.(指物) 2.指物关系代词： ·which(先行词为物，作主语/宾语)一例句：The pen which is on the desk is mine.(作主语)/This is the story which I read last week.(作宾语) 高中句法译林版 【语法全解】 A版知识点全解 。that(先行词为人/物，作主语/宾语，可替换who/which)→例句：He is the man that helped me. (指人)/This is the dog that I found yesterday..(指物) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（中考常考） 1.时间相关(when): 。when(先行词为时间，在从句中作时间状语)→例句：I still remember the day when we first met. 2.地点相关(where): ·where(先行词为地点，在从句中作地点状语)→例句：This is the school where I studiedten years ago. 3.原因相关(why): 。why(先行词为reason,在从句中作原因状语)→例句：Tell me the reason why you were late. 3.定语从句的特殊用法（中考易错) 1.介词+关系代词（物用which,人用whom): 。介词+which→例句：This is the house in which I lived last year.(=This is the house where I lived last year.) 。介词+whom→例句：The girl with whom you talked is my cousin.(=The girl who/whom you talked with is my cousin.) 2.关系代词的省略（作宾语时可省略）： ·省略which/that(指物)→例句：The book(which/that)I bought yesterday is interesting. 。省略who/whom/that(指人)→例句：The man(who/whom/that)you saw just now is our teacher. 考法精析 考法一：关系代词that与which的用法区别 核心：根据先行词的类型及修饰词，判断定语从句中使用that还是which 真题1（语法填空）： All we need is enough time to practice. 答案：that 解析：先行词为不定代词Al,根据知识点二第1点口a,先行词是不定代词时只能用hat,故填 that。 真题2（完形填空）： 高中句法译林版 【语法全解】 A版知识点全解 She bought a new dress,cost her 300 yuan. A.that B.which C.who D.whose 答案：B 解析：由逗号可知该句为非限定性定语从句，根据知识点二第1点口，非限定性定语从句中只能 用which,故选B。 考法二：关系代词that与which的用法区别及省略规则综合应用 核心：结合先行词特征判断是否只能用hat,同时根据关系代词在从句中的成分确定是否可以省略 真题1（语法填空)： All the books_I borrowed from the library are very interesting.(which/that) 答案：that 解析：先行词books被all修饰，根据知识点二”只能用that的情况”中”先行词是不定代词all等 的规则，此处需用hat:that在从句中作borrowed的宾语，按知识点三”关系代词省略规则”本可 省略，但题目明确要求填写关系代词，故填hat。 真题2（单选题）： This is the most exciting movie_I have ever seen. A.which B.that C.what D.who 答案：B 解析：先行词movie被形容词最高级the most exciting修饰，依据知识点二”只能用that的情况”中” 先行词被形容词最高级修饰'的规则，只能用hat:hat在从句中作seen的宾语，虽可省略，但选 项中无省略形式，故选择B。 考法三：定语从句关系词综合运用及易错点辨析 核心：结合先行词类型、从句成分及限定性/非限定性语境，正确选择关系代词/副词，规避重复指 代、介词搭配等错误 真题1（单项选择)： The village-we visited last year has changed a lot.It's no longer_it used to be. A.which what B.where that C.who which D.that where 答案：A 解析：第一空先行词'village”指物，从句中”visited”后缺宾语，用关系代词which/that:第二空表 语从句中缺表语，用what指代”它过去的样子”，故选A。 真题2（语法填空）： My brother,-is studying in Canada,sent me a photo-was taken in front of the Niagara Falls. 答案：who which 解析：第一空为非限定性定语从句，先行词brother''指人且作主语，用who:第二空先行词'photo'” 6 高中句法译林版 【语法全解】 A版知识点全解 指物且作从句主语，用which(非限定性从句不可用hat)。 解题小妙招 that which有区别，先行特征是关键； 不定代词最高级，all修饰人和物： 以上情况只能that,其余可用which替： 非限定性从句中，逗号隔开必用which: 关系代词作宾语，that which可省略： 题目明确要填写，that which莫忘记。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the best novelI have ever read. A.which B.that C.what D.who 2.The girlis standing at the door is my classmate. A.whom B.which C.who D.whose 3.She came from a small town_is located in the south of China. A.where B.when C.which D.why 4.I still remember the daywe first traveled together. A.which B.when C.that D.where 5.My brother,_works in a hospital,will visit us next week. A.who B.whom C.which D.that 6.This is the roomLu Xun once lived. A.which B.that C.where D.when 7.Allwe need to do now is to study hard. A.which B.what C.that D.who 8.He passed the exam,-made his parents very proud. A.as B.which C.that D.who 9.The reason-he was absent was that he was ill. A.why B.which C.when D.where 10.It was the factory_he worked ten years ago. A.that B.where C.which D.when 高中句法译林版 【语法全解】 A版知识点全解 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The bookI borrowed from the library is very interesting. 2.This is the girlfather is a famous doctor. 3.I will never forget the time we spent together in Paris. 4.The housewindows face south belongs to my uncle. 5.She told me a story_made me laugh. 6.The student_answered the question correctly won a prize. 7.This is the cityI was born. 8.The reason he refused the offer is still unknown. 9.We visited the museum has a large collection of ancient coins. 10.My friend,is studying abroad,sent me a postcard. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I live in a small town 1._is surrounded by mountains.There is a river 2.-runs through the center of the town,3.-makes the scenery very beautiful.Last year,I visited an old temple 4.-was built in the Ming Dynasty.The guide 5.-showed us around told us many stories about the temple. Near the temple,there is a stone bridge 6.-history dates back to 200 years ago.Many tourists come here every year to take photos on the bridge,7.-has become a symbol of the town.I once met a photographer 8. camera was broken,and I helpedhim repair it.He told me that this was the best trip 9.-he had ever had. The people in the town are very kind,10.-makes me love this place more. 答案区 演练-：1.B2.C3.C4.B5.A6.C7.C8B9.A10B 1.(that/which)2.whose 3.(that/which)4.whose 5.(that/which)6.who/that 7.where 8.why 9.which/that 10.who 1.which/that 2.which/that 3.which 4.which/that 5.who/that 6.whose 7.which 8.whose 9.that 10.which 8