基础动词用法 谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 语法全解 基础动词用法 谓语动词分类系统讲解 译林版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 译林版高中英语语法全解中，基础动词用法是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的20%左右，贯穿 试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接 影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·谓语动词分类系统：系动词（状态类、感官类、变化类）、实义动词（及物动词与不及物动词）、情 态动词（推测性与非推测性用法）、助动词(do/does/did、have/has/had、wil/would等)的功能辨析 与语法搭配 ·时态与语态综合运用：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完 成时、过去完成时、将来完成时的时态标志词识别与语境匹配，主动语态与被动语态在不同时态中 的结构转换及应用场景 。主谓一致原则：语法一致（单数主语与复数主语的谓语形式）、意义一致（集体名词、不定代词作 主语时的谓语单复数)、就近原则(or,nor,either.or等连接主语时的谓语选择) 知识点一：动词的分类及基础用法 1.系动词（无实义，后接表语） 。常见类型：be动词(am/is/are/was/were)、感官动词(look/sound/taste/smell/feel)、变化类动词 (become/get/turn/grow) 。例句 l.The cake tastes sweet.（感官系动词，后接形容词作表语) 2.He became a doctor last year..(变化类系动词，后接名词作表语) 2.实义动词（有具体含义，可独立作谓语） ·及物动词（后接宾语）：eat(吃)、visit（参观)→例句：She visited her grandparents yesterday. ·不及物动词（不接宾语，或需加介词后接宾语）：un(跑)、listen(听)→例句：He runs fast../ She listens to music every evening 1 高中译林版 语法全解 基础动词用法 3.情态动词（表语气，后接动词原形） 。常见情态动词：can/could(能力/许可)、may/might(许可/推测)、must/have to(必须)、should (建议) ·例句： 1.You can borrow this book from the library.（表能力) 2.He must finish his homework before9p.m.(表必须) 4.助动词（无实义，辅助构成时态/语态/疑问句) ●常见助动词：do/does/did(辅助实义动词构成凝问句/否定句)、be(辅助构成进行时/被动语 态)、have/has(辅助构成完成时) ·例句： 1.Do you like English?(do辅助构成一般现在时疑问句) 2.They have finished their homework.(have辅助构成现在完成时) 知识点二：谓语动词分类及用法 1.实义动词（有具体动作意义，可独立作谓语） ·及物动词（后接宾语，动作有承受者) 1.常见动词：eat(吃)、isit（参观)、teach(教)、buy(买) 2.结构：主语+及物动词+宾语 3.例句： (a)She eats an apple every morning.(宾语为an apple) (b)They visited their grandparents last weekend.（宾语为their grandparents) ·不及物动词（后不接宾语，动作无直接承受者，或需加介词后接宾语） 1.常见动词：arrive(到达)、live(居住)、come(来)、go(去) 2.结构：主语+不及物动词(+介词+宾语) 3.例句： (a)The train arrives at8o'clock.(无宾语) (b)He lives in Beijing.(+介词in+宾语Beijing) 2.系动词（连接主语和表语，说明主语状态/特征） 。状态系动词(be动词：am/is/are/was/were) 1.结构：主语+be+表语（名词/形容词/介词短语等） 2.例句： (a)She is a student.(表语为名词a student) (b)The flowers are beautiful..（表语为形容词beautiful) 高中译林版 语法全解基础动词用法 。感官系动词(look/sound/smell/taste/feel,意为“看起来/听起来/闻起来/尝起来/摸起来”) 1.结构：主语+感官系动词+形容词（作表语) 2.例句： (a)The song sounds great.(表语为形容词great) (b)This cake tastes sweet.(表语为形容词sweet) ·变化系动词(become/get/hurn/grow,意为“变得/成为”) 1.结构：主语+变化系动词+形容词/名词（作表语） 2.例句： (a)He becomes angry.(表语为形容词angy) (b)The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(表语为形容词yellow) 3.助动词（无实际意义，协助构成时态/语态/否定/疑问) ·构成时态：be(an/is/are/was/were,用于进行时)、have/has/had(用于完成时)、will/shall(用于 一般将来时)、do/does/did(用于一般现在时/过去时) ·例句： 1.They are playing football now.(are协助构成现在进行时) 2.I have finished my homework.(have协助构成现在完成时) 。构成否定/疑间：do/does/did(用于实义动词一般现在时/过去时) 。例句： l.He doesn't like coffee.(doesn't协助构成否定句) 2.Did you go to the park yesterday?(Did协助构成疑问句) ●构成被动语态：be(am/is/are/was/were/been,与过去分词连用) ·例句： 1.The letter is written by her.(is协助构成被动语态) 4.情态动词（表示能力/许可/推测/意愿等，后接动词原形） ·常见情态动词：can/could(能力/许可)、may/might(许可/推测)、must(必须/肯定推测)、should (应该)、will/would(意愿/将要) ·结构：主语+情态动词+动词原形 ·例句： 1.She can speak English well.(can表示能力) 2.You must finish your work on time.(must表示必须) 3.This book may be his.(nay表示推测) ●否定形式：情态动词+not(缩写：can't/must't/shouldn't等) ●例句： 1.You can't park here.(can't表示不允许) 2.He shouldn't smoke.(shouldn't表示不应该) 3 高中译林版 语法全解 基础动词用法 知识点三：谓语动词分类系统讲解 1.实义动词（行为动词） 。基础分类拓展（中考必背）： 1.及物动词（需接宾语）一→例句：She eats an apple every morning.(eat后接宾语an apple) 2.不及物动词（无需接宾语）→例句：Birds fly in the sky.(fly后无宾语) 3.及物动词+副词短语→例句：He looks after his little sister carefully.(look after为固定短语， 接宾语his little sister) 4.不及物动词+介词短语→例句：They arrived at the station on time.(arrive at为固定搭配，接 宾语the station) 2.连系动词（系动词) 。常见系动词分类（中考核心）： l.状态系动词(be动词)→例句：She is a student./They are happy. 2.感官系动词(look/sound/snel/taste/feel)→例句：The flowers look beautiful../The music sounds nice 3.变化系动词(become/get/tum/grow)→例句：He becomes taller than before./The leaves turn yellow in autumn. 4.持续系动词(keep/stay/remain)→例句：Please keep quiet in the library./The door stays open all day. 3.情态动词 。基础用法及搭配（中考必背）： l.can/could(能力/请求)→例句：I can swim./Could you help me? 2.may/might(许可/可能性)→例句：May I come in?/It might rain tomorrow. 3.must/have to（必须/不得不)→例句：You must finish your homework.She has to go to the doctor. 4.should/ought to(应该)→例句：We should study hard./You ought to help others. 5.need(需要，否定/疑问)→例句：Need I go now?/You needn't worry. 6.will/would(意愿/习惯)→例句：I will help you./He would get up early. 4.助动词 。功能及搭配（中考易错）： 1.帮助构成时态(do/does/did;have/has/had;will/would)→例句：Do you like English?/They have finished the work 2.帮助构成否定/疑问(do/does/did)→例句：He doesn't like milk./Did she go to school? 3.强调谓语动词(do/does/did)→例句：I do love my parents./He did finish the task. 4 高中译林版 语法全解 基础动词用法 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作定语辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系及动作时间，选择不定式（表将来/未完成）或分 词（现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成） 真题1（语法填空）： We have a lot of tasks (complete)before Friday. 答案：to complete 解析：tasks与complete是逻辑动宾关系，且“完成任务”是将来未完成的动作，用不定式作定语 表将来，填to complete。 真题2（单项选择）： The girl in the classroom is my best friend. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 答案：B 解析：girl与read是主动关系，“正在教室读书的女孩”表动作正在进行，用现在分词作定语，选B。 考法二：谓语动词与非谓语动词辨析 核心：根据句子成分和逻辑关系，判断动词在句中作谓语还是非谓语，并正确使用动词形式 真题1（语法填空)： (learn)English well,he practices speaking every morning. 答案：To learn 解析：句中已有谓语动词practices,需用非谓语动词作目的状语，表“为了学好英语”，故用动词 不定式To learn。 真题2（单项选择）： The girl in red is my sister.She to the library now. A.wearing;goes B.dressed;is going C.dressing;went D.worn;will go 答案：B 解析：第一空需非谓语动词作定语，dressed in red表示“穿着红衣服的”，过去分词短语作后置定 语：第二空由now可知用现在进行时，is going作谓语，故选B。 考法三：谓语动词与非谓语动词的辨析及应用 高中译林版 语法全解 基础动词用法 核心：区分谓语动词和非谓语动词，掌握非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）在句中的作用及搭 配规则 真题1（单项选择)： He wants basketball with his friends after school. A.play B.plays C.to play D.playing 答案：C 解析：want为谓语动词，其后需接非谓语动词作宾语，want to do sth.为固定搭配，故用不定式to play。. 真题2（语法填空）： (read)books is a good way to learn English.My brother likes doing it every day 答案：Reading 解析：句中缺少主语，需用非谓语动词作主语，动名词reading可直接作主语，位于句首首字母大 写。 解题小妙招 非谓作定看关系，主动进行用现分，被动完成用过分： 将来未完成用不定，名词与动逻辑清： 谓与非谓先辨析，句子已有谓动词，其余动词用非谓： 目的状语不定式，作谓要看时和态，非谓功能要记牢： 综合应用先辨句，主句从句主谓分，非谓功能（不定式分词/动名词）细判断： 目的状语不定式，时态标志定谓动，主动被动看逻辑，非谓选择不费力。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The teacher asked us too much time playing computer games. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.not spend D.not spending 2. English every day is a good way to improve your language skills A.Practise B.Practising C.To practise D.Practised 6 高中译林版 语法全解 基础动词用法 3.The novel by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 4.He was made the work all by himself because of his carelessness. A.finish B.to finish C.finishing D.finished 5.Look！The children kites in the park.Their faces with joy. A.flying;shining B.are flying;are shining C.fly;shine D.to fly,to shine 6.the early bus,he got up at five o'clock this morning. A.Catch B.Catching C.Caught D.To catch 7.The girl in the photo is my cousin.She in Beijing now. A.seen;studies B.seeing;studied C.see;will study D.to see;is studying 8.My parents don't allow me out late on school nights. A.go B.to go C.going D.went 9.the homework,he went to bed. A.Finishing 7 高中译林版 语法全解 基础动词用法 B.Finished C.Having finished D.To finish 10.This is the first time I such a beautiful mountain A.see B.saw C.have seen D.will see 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She decided(visit)her grandparents next weekend. 2.(learn)about Chinese culture,he joined a summer camp in Beijing. 3.The baby was heard (cry)loudly in the next room 4.This is the best film I(see)so far. 5.(not make)the same mistake again,he took notes carefully. 6.The students_(read)English when the teacher came in. 7.I have a lot of books(read)during the vacation. (work)hard,and you will pass the exam. 9.The bridge (build)last year connects the two villages. 10.My brother enjoys(play)basketball with his friends after school. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,my friends and I decided (go)hiking in the mountains.We(meet)at the school gate at 8:00 a.m.Before leaving,our teacher reminded us(take)enough water and snacks. 8 高中译林版 语法全解 基础动词用法 On the way,we saw many beautiful flowers (bloom)along the path.A little girl (carry)a heavy bag stopped to rest.We offered(help)her,and she thanked us with a smile. (climb)for two hours,we finally reached the top.From there,the whole city looked amazing.Some of us began(take)photos,while others sat on the grass(chat).A boy(name)Tom even started singing songs. By the time we went down the mountain,it (get)dark.Though tired,we all felt happy.This trip was an unforgettable experience. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3.C4.B5B6.D7.A8.B9.C10.C 1.to visit 2.To learn 3.to cry 4.have seen 5.Not to make 6.were reading 7.to read 8.Work 9.built 10.playing 1.to go 2.met 3.to take 4.blooming 5.carrying 6.to help 7.Having climbed 8.to take 9.chatting 10had got 9