基础动词用法 非谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 语法专项 【专题】非谓语动词分类系统讲解 基础动词用法 考频分析 译林版高中英语中，非谓语动词是基础动词用法中的重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右， 贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察， 直接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及句法功 能往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。形式与意义辨析：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing/过去分词done)的基本 构成与核心含义差异 。句法功能应用：作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语时的结构特征与语境适配，如动名词作主语表泛 指行为、不定式作状语表目的结果 ·固定搭配与特殊用法：接不定式/动名词的动词短语（如want to do,enjoy doing)、分词独立主格结 构、非谓语动词的否定形式与时态语态变化 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 1.动词不定式(to+动词原形，否定式not to do) ·功能：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 。例句： 1.To learn English well is important..(作主语) 2.He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语) 3.Her job is to teach kids.(作表语) 4.I have a lot of work to finish.(作定语) 5.She came here to see me.(作目的状语) 6.My mother asked me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) 2.动名词（动词+ing形式） 高中译林版 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 ·功能：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语 。例句： 1.Swimming is good for health.(作主语) 2.She enjoys reading books..(作宾语) 3.His hobby is collecting stamps.(作表语) 4.There is a swimming pool in our school.(作定语) 3.现在分词（动词+ing形式，表主动或进行） ·功能：可作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 。例句： l.The story is interesting.(作表语) 2.I know the girl standing under the tree.（作定语，表主动) 3.She sat there reading a newspaper.(作伴随状语) 4.I heard her singing in the room.(作宾语补足语，表正在进行) 4.过去分词（动词+d形式，表被动或完成） ·功能：可作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 。例句： l.The window is broken.（作表语) 2.I have a repaired bike.(作定语，表完成) 3.een from the hill,.the city looks beautiful.(作状语，表被动) 4.I found the door closed.(作宾语补足语，表状态) 知识点二：非谓语动词分类及用法 1.动词不定式(to+动词原形) ·基本功能 1.作主语：To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要) 2.作宾语：She wants to buy a new book.(她想买一本新书) 3.作表语：Hisd山ream is to be a doctor..(他的梦想是成为一名医生) 4.作定语：I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做) 5.作状语：He came here to see his friend.(他来这儿是为了看他的朋友) ●常见搭配 1.want to do sth.(想要做某事) 2.decide to do sth.(决定做某事) 3.plan to do sth.(计划做某事) 2 高中译林版 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 4.hope to do sth.(希望做某事) 。例句： 1.They plan to visit the museum next Sunday.(他们计划下周日参观博物馆) 2.I hope to pass the exam.(我希望通过考试) 2.动名词（动词原形+ng） 。基本功能 1.作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有好处) 2.作宾语：She enjoys listening to music.（她喜欢听音乐) 3.作表语：His hobby is collecting stamps.(他的爱好是集邮) 4.作定语：There is a swimming pool in our school.(我们学校有一个游泳池) ·常见搭配 1.enjoy doing sth.(喜欢做某事) 2.finish doing sth.（完成做某事) 3.practice doing sth.(练习做某事) 4.mind doing sth.（介意做某事) 。例句： l.He finished reading the book yesterday.(他昨天读完了这本书) 2.My brother practices playing basketball every day.(我弟弟每天练习打篮球) 3.现在分词（动词原形+ng） ·基本特征：表示主动、进行的动作，常作定语、状语或表语 。用法示例 1.作定语：The running water is clean.(流动的水很千净) 2.作状语：She sat there,reading a magazine.(她坐在那儿，读着一本杂志) 3.作表语：The story is interesting.(这个故事很有趣) ·例句： 1.The smiling girl is my sister..(那个微笑的女孩是我妹妹) 2.He came into the room,carrying a heavy box.(他提着一个重箱子走进了房间) 4.过去分词（动词过去分词形式） ·基本特征：表示被动、完成的动作，常作定语、状语或表语 。用法示例 l.作定语：The broken window was repaired yesterday.(那个破窗户昨天被修好了) 2.作状语：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山上看，这座城市很漂亮) 3.作表语：The glass is broken.（杯子碎了) ·例句： 3 高中译林版 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 1.I like the song written by him.(我喜欢他写的那首歌) 2.Given more time,.we can finish the work better..（如果给更多时间，我们能把工作做得更好) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 。基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.agree to do(同意做)一→例句：She agrees to help me with my English 2.offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to carry the heavy box for me. 3.choose to do(选择做)→例句：They choose to stay at home on weekends. 4.promise to do（承诺做)→例句：I promise to return the book on time, 5.want to do(想要做)→例句：She wants to buy a new dress for the party. 6.refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：He refuses to tell me the secret.. 7.invite sb.todo(邀请某人做)一例句：They invite us to join their picnic. 8.teach sb.todo（教某人做)→例句：My father teaches me to swim in summer. 9.remindsb.todo(提醒某人做)→例句：Please remind me to take the keys. l0.prepare to do(准备做)→例句：We prepare to have a birthday party for her. 。特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 1.ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to be late. 2.tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My mother tells me not to eat too much candy. 3.warn sb.todo(警告某人做)→例句：The sign warns us to keep off the grass. 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 。基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： l.miss doing(错过做)→例句：I missed watching the football match last night,. 2.dislike doing(不喜欢做)→例句：She dislikes cleaning her room 3.consider doing(考虑做)→例句：They consider moving to a new house. 4.delay doing(推迟做)→例句：He delays finishing the project until next week. 5.imagine doing(想象做)→例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? 6.risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks climbing the high mountain alone. 7.allow doing（允许做)→例句：The library allows reading here, 8.forbid doing(禁止做)→例句：The sign forbids parking here. 9.mention doing(提到做)→例句：She mentioned visiting her aunt in Beijing. l0.practice doing(练习做)一→例句：He practices playing the guitar every evening. 。固定短语搭配（中考常考）： l.be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner. 4 高中译林版 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 2.feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. 3.can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：She can't help laughing at the funny story. 3.done(过去分词) ●基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.get done(被…)一例句：My bike got repaired yesterday.. 2.have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：He has his hair cut every month 3.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：I saw the window broken by the boy.. 4.hear sth..done(听见某事被做)一→例句：We heard the song sung in English. 5.make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：She makes her homework finished on time. 6.find sth..done(发现某事被做)→例句：He found his wallet stolen on the bus. 7.keep sth.done(使某事保持被做的状态)→例句：Keep the door closed,.please. 8.leave sth.done（让某事处于被做的状态)一→例句：Don't leave the work unfinished. 9.want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句：I want the letter typed immediately: l0.need sth.done(需要某事被做)→例句：The house needs painted. ●固定短语搭配（中考常考）： l.be pleased with done→例句：She is pleased with the result achieved. 2.be worried about done→例句：He is worried about the problem solved. 考法精析 考法一：动词不定式与动名词作宾语的固定搭配辨析 核心：根据动词的固定用法，判断其后应接不定式还是动名词作宾语 真题1（语法填空）： She suggested _(go)to the park for a picnic this weekend. 答案：going 解析：suggest属于只接动名词作宾语的动词，固定搭配为suggest doing sth,故填going。 真题2（单项选择)： He decidedpart in the school sports meeting next month. A.take B.to take C.taking D.took 答案：B 解析：decide是只接不定式作宾语的动词，固定搭配为decide to do sth,所以选B。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语与状语的综合辨析 高中译林版 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 核心：结合非谓语动词的主动/被动关系、动作时间顺序，判断作定语和状语时的正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： _(see)from the top of the tower,we found the city_(surround)by green mountains. 答案：Seen surrounding 解析：第一空作状语，主语we与see是被动关系，用过去分词Seen:第二空作宾语补足语，city 与surround是主动关系且表正在进行，用现在分词surrounding。 真题2（单项选择)： The studentin the libraryto finish his paper by Friday A.studying plans B.studied planning C.to study plans D.studying planning 答案：A 解析：第一空作定语，student与study是主动关系，用现在分词studying;第二空作谓语，主语student 是第三人称单数，一般现在时用plans。 考法三：非谓语动词的综合辨析与应用 核心：结合语境区分不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词的用法，掌握非谓语动词作定语、状语 及固定搭配的差异 真题1（单项选择)： He enjoys basketball with his friends after school. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 答案：C 解析：enjoy后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配enjoy doing sth,表示“喜欢做某事”，故选C。 真题2（语法填空)： I have a lot of homework_(do)this evening. 答案：todo 解析：此处用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词homework,表示“要做的作业”，不定式与被修饰词 之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，故选odo。 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 固定搭配看动词，to do doing要记清： 6 高中译林版 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 suggest后接doing,decide必跟todo形； 作定作状看关系，主动doing被动done: 目的状语todo表，独立主格主谓分： 复合结构看逻辑，主句从句主语明： 不定式表将来动，完成having加done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She promised me with my homework after school. A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 2.The teacher encouraged us English every day to improve our skills. A.practice B.practicing C.to practice D.practiced 3.We should avoid the same mistake in the next exam. A.make B.to make C.making D.made 4.from the top of the building,the park looks like a green carpet. A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.To see 5.The girl in the comner is my best friend,Lily. A.reading B.read C.to read D.reads 6.It is important for usthe importance of environmental protection. A.understand B.to understand C.understanding D.understood 7.I don't mind the window if you feel hot. A.open B.to open C.opening D.opened 8.the early bus,he got up at 5 o'clock this momning A.Catch B.To catch C.Catching D.Caught 9.The problemat the meeting yesterday was about air pollution. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss 10.-his homework,he went out to play basketball with his friends A.Finishing B.To finish C.Having finished D.Finished 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He decided(study)harder to pass the final exam. 2.My brother enjoys(listen)to music while doing homework. 3.The children are excited_(visit)the science museum tomorrow. 7 高中译林版 【基础动词用法】 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 4.(learn)a foreign language well requires a lot of practice. 5.The broken bridge needs(repair)as soon as possible 6.She was seen_(walk)into the supermarket five minutes ago. 7.-(not make)the same mistake again,he took notes carefully. 8.I have no idea(solve)this difficult math problem. 9.The teacher askedus(keep)quiet during the test. 10.(see)from the mountain,the village looks very beautiful. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) It was a sunny morning.Many students were in the classroom,busy_1 (prepare)for the coming exam. Tom,2 (sit)by the window,tried3 (focus)on his textbook,but his mind kept wandering.He remembered4 (promise)his mother to get good grades,so he decided5 (put)away his phone and concentrate Outside,some birds were singing in the tree,_6(make)the morning more lively.A girl_7(call)Mary walked past the classroom,carrying a book8(entitle)*How to Learn English Well*.She planned9 (share)some useful tips with her classmates later. _10(finish)their preparation,the students felt confident and ready for the exam. 答案区 演练-：1.B2.C3.C4.C5.A6B7.C8B9.B10.C 1.to study 2.listening 3.to visit 4.Learning 5.to be repaired/repairing 6.to walk 7.Not to make 8.how to solve 9.to keep 10.Seen 1.preparing 2.sitting 3.to focus 4.promising 5.to put 6.making 7.called 8.entitled 9.to share 10.Having finished