基础动词用法 动词时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中译林版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 语法精解 【专题】动词时态系统讲解 译林版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 译林版高中英语基础动词用法中，动词时态系统是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的25%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子逻辑性与表达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态辨析、时间状语匹配及语境呼 应往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本时态结构：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、 过去完成时、过去将来时的构成（含肯定句、否定句、疑问句）及标志性时间状语 ·时态语境辨析：不同时态在时间先后、动作持续、完成影响等语境中的区分（如现在完成时与一般 过去时的时间范围差异，过去完成时与一般过去时的动作序列关系) ·时态特殊用法：现在进行时表计划安排、一般现在时表客观真理或习惯性动作、现在完成时与for/since 的搭配、过去将来时在宾语从句中的应用 知识点一：动词时态系统讲解 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） 。结构：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数（动词+ses) 。例句： I.She plays basketball every weekend.(经常性动作，主语第三人称单数) 2.The earth goes around the sun.(客观真理) 2.一般过去时（表示过去发生的动作或状态） 。结构：主语+动词过去式 ·例句： 1.They visited the Great Wall last summer.（过去时间状语last summer) 高中译林版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 2.I was born in2005.(be动词过去式表状态) 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态） ·常见结构：will+动词原形/be going to+动词原形 。例句： l.We will have a picnic tomorrow.(will表将来) 2.It is going to rain soon.(be going to表根据迹象推测) 4.现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的动作） ●结构：主语+am/is/are+动词-ing形式 ·例句： 1.Listen!Someone is singing in the next room.(listen提示动作正在进行) 2.My father is reading a newspaper now.(now提示现在时间) 5.过去进行时（表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作） 。结构：主语+was/were+动词-ing形式 ●例句： l.I was doing my homework at8p.m.yesterday.(过去具体时间点at8p.m.yesterday) 2.They were playing football when the rain started..(when引导的时间状语从句表过去某时) 6.现在完成时（表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作，或对现在造成影响） ·结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词 ·例句： l.I have lived in this city for ten years.(for+时间段表持续) 2.She has already finished her homework.(already提示动作已完成，对现在有影响) 知识点二：动词时态的特殊用法与易错点 1.一般现在时表将来（按计划/时刻表发生的动作） 。适用场景：火车、飞机等时刻表：课程、会议等固定安排 ·结构：主语+动词原形三单形式 。例句： 1.The train leaves at8:00a.m.tomorrow.(火车时刻表，用leaves) 2.Our class begins at9:00 every morning.(课程安排，用begins) 2.现在进行时表将来（计划/安排近期发生的动作） 。常用动词：cone,go,leave,arrive,stat,meet等表示位移或短暂性动作的词 高中译林版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 。结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词 。例句： 1.My parents are arriving next Sunday..(计划中的到达，用are arriving) 2.We are meeting at the school gate tomorrow.(安排好的会面，用are meeting) 3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ·关键差异：现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在（无具体过去时间点）：一般 过去时：仅表示过去发生的动作（有具体过去时间点） ·对比例句： 1.He has lived in Beijing.(现在可能仍在北京，无具体时间) 2.He lived in Beijing in2018.(2018年已结束，有具体时间) 4.短暂性动词与现在完成时的搭配限制 ·不可与时间段连用的动词：die,may,buy,join,leave,come等（需转化为延续性动词） 。转换方法及例句： l.He has been dead for3 years.(die-be dead,用for+时间段) 2.They have been married since20l5.(marry-be married,用since+时间点) 5.被动语态的特殊结构 ·带双宾语的被动语态 1.主动：主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 2.被动：间接宾语/直接宾语+be+过去分词+by主语 3.例句：主动：She gave me a book..→被动：I was given a book by her/.A book was given to me by her. ·短语动词的被动语态：不可拆分短语动词（如look after,.take care of)需完整保留 1.例句：The baby is looked after by her grandma..(look after不可拆分) 6.情态动词的被动语态 ·结构：情态动词+be+动词过去分词 。例句： 1.The work must be finished today.(must be finished) 2.This book can be read in the library.(can be read) 7.过去进行时与一般过去时的动作对比 ·过去进行时：背景动作（持续）：一般过去时：插入动作（短暂） ·例句： 1.I was doing homework when the doorbell rang.(doing homework是持续背景，rang是短暂插 入动作) 3 高中译林版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 2.They were playing soccer while their father was cooking..(两个持续动作同时进行，均用过去 进行时) 知识点三：动词时态系统讲解 1.一般现在时 ·基础用法拓展（初中必背）： 1.表示经常性/习惯性动作→例句：She gets up at6:30 every morning. 2.表示客观真理/事实→例句：The earth goes around the sun. 3.表示主语的特征/状态→例句：He likes playing football. 4.用于时间/条件状语从句（主将从现）→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 5.表示按计划/时刻表发生的动作→例句：The train leaves at8:00a.m. 。时间标志词（中考常考)： l.always(总是)→例句：They always help each other. 2.usually(通常)→例句：I usually go to school by bike 3.often(经常)→例句：He often reads books in the library. 4.sometimes(有时)→例句：Sometimes she walks to the park. 5.never(从不)→例句：My mother never eats junk food. 2.一般过去时 。基础用法拓展（初中必背）： 1.表示过去某时发生的动作或状态→例句：I visited the Great Wall last summer. 2.表示过去经常性/习惯性动作→例句：He often played basketball when he was young. 3.用于since引导的时间状语从句（主句用现在完成时）→例句：I have lived here since I was born. ·时间标志词（中考核心）： l.yesterday(昨天)→例句：She went shopping yesterday. 2.last week/month/year(上周/月/年)→例句：We had a party last week, 3.two days ago(两天前)→例句：He finished the work two days ago. 4.in2020(在2020年)→例句：They moved to Beijing in2020 5.just now(刚才)→例句：The teacher came into the classroom just now. 。动词规则变化（中考基础）： l.直接加-ed→worked(工作)→例句：He worked in a factory last year.. 2.以e结尾加-d→liked(喜欢)→例句：She liked dancing when she was five. 3.辅音+y结尾变y为i加-ed→studied(学习)→例句：We studied English hard last term. 4.重读闭音节双写尾字母加-ed→stopped(停止)一例句：The rain stopped an hour ago. 4 高中译林版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 3.一般将来时 。基础用法拓展（初中必背）： 1.will+动词原形（表客观将来）→例句：I will call you tomorrow. 2.be going to+-动词原形（表计划/打算或有迹象发生）→例句：She is going to have a picnic this Sunday. 3.beto+动词原形（表安排/命令）→例句：The meeting is to start at9:00am 。时间标志词（中考常考）： 1.tomorrow(明天)→例句：They will go to the zoo tomorrow. 2.next week/month(下周/月)→例句：We are going to visit the museum next month. 3.in+时间段（多久后）→例句：He will come back in three days 4.soon(很快)→例句：The bus will arrive soon. 5.this evening(今晚)→例句：I am going to watch TV this evening. ·特殊用法（中考易错）： l.there be句型的将来时：There will be/There is going to be→例句：There will be a football match next Friday. 2.主将从现(if/when等引导的从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时)一例句：If it doesn't rain tomorrow,we will go hiking. 考法精析 考法一：被动语态转换 核心：将主动语态句子按要求转换为相应时态的被动语态，重点掌握b动词时态变化+动词过去 分词”结构 真题1（语法填空）： A new library(build)in our school last year. 答案：was built 解析：由时间标志词'last year”可知用一般过去时：主动句隐含”人们建造图书馆”，被动语态结构 为”主语+was/were+过去分词'，主语为单数，故填was built。 真题2（单项选择)： People speak Chinese in many Asian countries..(改为被动语态) Chinese_in many Asian countries. A.is spoken B.speaks C.spoke D.was spoken 答案：A 解析：原句为一般现在时主动语态，被动语态结构为”am/is/are+过去分词'；主语Chinese为单数， 故用is spoken。 高中译林版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 考法二：情态动词表推测 核心：根据语境判断情态动词表，可能性、必然性”的用法，区分must/may/might/can't的语气差异 真题1（语法填空)： The light is off.He(not be)at home now. 答案：can'tbe 解析：由”灯灭了”可知对现在情况的否定推测，用cn't+动词原形表”不可能”。 真题2（单项选择)： —Where is Lucy? -Shebe in the classroom.I saw her there five minutes ago. A.must B.may C.can't D.need 答案：B 解析：由”五分钟前看到她在教室”可知为不确定的肯定推测，may表”可能”，语气弱于ust(一 定)，符合语境。 考法三：情态动词与时态结合 核心：结合情态动词的推测功能与不同时态的语境特征，判断动作发生的时间及可能性 真题1（单项选择)： -Where is Tom?He_be in the library because I saw him there just now. -But he_leave already.The library closes at 5 pm. A must might B can must C must can't D may might 答案：A 解析：第一空由just now”可知用must表对过去动作的肯定推测；第二空由”already'和'closes at5 pm”可知用might表可能性较低的推测，符合现在完成时隐含的”对现在影响”语境。 真题2（语法填空)： This letter_(write)by my brother yesterday.It(send)to Beijing tomorrow morning. 答案：was written will be sent 解析：第一空由'yester day”可知用一般过去时被动语态：第二空由'tomorrow”可知用一般将来时被 动语态，符合wil+be+过去分词结构，且体现按计划发生的动作特征。 解题小妙招 情态动词妙招 情态动词表推测，语气强弱要分明： must一定may可能，can't否定表不行： 6 高中译林版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 现在推测动原跟，过去推测have done: 情态被动有两种，be加done或have been done: 义务推测看语境，should本应记心中： 结合时态辨先后，过去完成had加done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Theythe project by the end of last month,so they could start the next phase. A.completed B.have completed C.had completed D.will complete 2.A new bridge_across the river now,and it will be finished next year. A.builds B.is building C.is being built D.built 3.-Where is Mary? -Shebe in the lab.She told me she would do experiments there this morning. A.must B.may C.can't D.should 4.By the time we arrived at the station,the train A.leaves B.left C.has left D.had left 5.This song-by millions of people since it was released last year. A.is sung B.was sung C.has been sung D.will be sung 6.You_have told me the truth earlier.Now it's too late to fix the problem. A.must B.should C.can D.might 7.When I called him yesterday,hea report for the meeting. A.writes B.wrote C.was writing D.has written 8.English_in many countries as a second language. A.speaks B.is spoken C.spoke D.was spoken 9.The students for the exam since last month,and they are still preparing now. A.prepare B.prepared C.have prepared D.have been preparing 10.-Will you be free tomorrow afternoon? -No,I a speech at the conference from 2 to 4 p.m. A.give B.will give C.will be giving D.have given 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We(live)in this neighborhood for five years,and we love it here. 2.The book (read)by many students before the teacher recommended it. 3.Look!The children(play)happily in the park now 7 高中译林版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 4.The problem_(discuss)by the committee for two hours,but they haven't reached a decision yet. 5.You(not park)here.There is a "No Parking"sign. 6.By the time the concert started,all the tickets_(sell)out. 7.My father_(work)in this factory for 20 years before he retired last year. 8.This machine_(must repair)immediately,or it will stop working. 9.She(study)English for six years,and she can speak it fluently now. 10.When I saw her yesterday,she-(wait)for the bus at the station. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) It was a sunny morning.I(walk)to school when I noticed a group of workers.They_(build)a new library near our school.I remembered the old library-(close)last year because it was too small. By the end of next month,the new library_(complete).It will have more books and modern facilities.I heard that many students_(donate)books to it already. Last week,I(visit)the construction site with my friend.The workers told us they_(work)on it for three months."We_(finish)the main structure by next week,"one worker said. I hope the library_(open)to students soon.I_(read)there every weekend once it's ready! 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C6B7.C8B9.D10.C 1.have lived 2.had been read 3.are playing 4.has been being discussed 5.mustn't park 6.had been sold 7.had worked 8.must be repaired 9.has been studying 10.was waiting 1.was walking 2.were building 3.had been closed 4.will have been completed 5.have donated 6.visited 7.had been working 8.will have finished 9.will be opened 10.will read 8