核心时态与语态 完成时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 核心时态与语态语法全解 语法专版 【专题】完成时态系统讲解 高中外研版语法全解 考频分析 高中外研版中，完成时态系统是核心时态与语态模块的重点语法点，考频占时态语态总量的30%左 右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表 达（核心考察，直接影响动作发生的时间关系与语境逻辑）。在语境理解类题目中，完成时态的时 间标志词、动作先后关系及与其他时态的区分往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。现在完成时：have/has+过去分词'的基本结构，与”for+时间段”since+时间点”的搭配，以及表 示”过去动作对现在影响”动作持续至今”的语境判断 。过去完成时：had+过去分词”的构成，在主从复合句中表示”过去的过去”的时间逻辑，与一般过 去时的区分 ·现在完成进行时：have/has been+现在分词'的形式，强调动作”从过去开始持续到现在并可能继 续”的动态过程，与现在完成时的语义辨析 知识点一：完成时态的构成及用法 1.现在完成时（表示过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态） 。基本结构：have/has+过去分词（主语为第三人称单数用has,其余用have) 。例句：(I)I have finished my homework.(过去动作对现在的影响：作业已完成)(2)She has lived here for five years..(持续到现在的状态：从过去持续至今) 2.过去完成时（表示过去某一时间前已完成的动作） 。基本结构：had+过去分词 。例句：(I)When I arrived,the party had already started.(”到达”是过去动作，”开始”发生在”到 达”之前)(2)He realized he had left his keys at home.(”意识到'是过去动作，”遗落”发生在”意 识到，之前) 3.现在完成进行时（强调动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续） 1 高中外研版 核心时态与语态语法全解 。基本结构：have/has+been+现在分词 ●例句：(I)It has been raining all day.(动作从过去持续到现在，可能继续下雨)(2)They have been studying English since2018.(从过去开始持续至今的学习动作) 4.完成时态的时间标志词 ·现在完成时：already(肯定句)、yet(否定句/疑问句)、since(+时间点)、for(+时间段)、ever、 never 。过去完成时：by the time、before、when等引导的过去时间状语从句 ·例句：(I)We have known each other since20l0.(since+时间点)(2)By the end of last month,they had sold 100cars.(by the end of+过去时间) 知识点二：完成时态系统讲解 1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词 already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、since+时间点 (如since2020)、so far(到目前为止) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 例句： (I)I have finished my homework already.(第一人称，用have+finished) (2)He has lived here for5 years.(三单主语，用has+-lived) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 例句： (1)My homework has been finished by me already. (2)This house has been lived in by him for 5 years. 2.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，”过去的过去”) 1.时间标志词 by+过去时间点（如by20l9、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left)、when+一 般过去时句子（如When I arrived) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) 例句： (1)He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) (2)They had left before I arrived.(had+left:arrived是一般过去时，”离开'在”到达”之前) 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 3.被动语态 结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词 例句： (1)His work had been finished by him by 5 p.m.yesterday. (2)The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived. 3.现在完成进行时（从过去持续到现在并仍在进行的动作） 1.时间标志词 since+时间点（如since last month)、for+时间段（如for2 hours)、all day(一整天）、recently(最 近) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词(doing) 例句： (I)I have been studying English for3 years.(第一人称，用have been+studying) (2)She has been waiting for you since8o'clock.(三单主语，用has been+-waiting) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词（初中阶段不常见，了解即可） 例句： (1)The project has been being discussed by the team for a week 4.过去完成进行时（过去某个时间前开始并持续到该时间的动作） 1.时间标志词 by+过去时间点（如by6p.m.yesterday)、when+一般过去时句子（如When the rain stopped) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+had been+动词现在分词(doing) 例句： (1)He had been working for 12 hours when his boss came. (2)They had been playing football since 2 p.m.before it got dark. 3.被动语态 结构：主语+had been being+动词过去分词（初中阶段不要求掌握，仅作拓展） 例句： (1)The machine had been being repaired by engineers for 2 days before it worked again. 知识点三：完成时态 1.现在完成时 基础结构（核心公式)： (I)have/has+过去分词→例句：I have finished my homework already 高中外研版 核心时态与语态语法全解 (2)标志词（中考必背）：already（已经)、yet(尚未)、just(刚刚)、ever(曾经)、never(从未)、 for+时间段、since+时间点 →例句l:She has lived here for five years. →例句2：We have known each other since20l9. 2.现在完成时Vs一般过去时（中考易错) (I)现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态（常与for/since连用) →例句：He has worked in this school for 10 years. (2)一般过去时：仅表示过去发生的动作，与现在无关（常与yesterday,last week等过去时间状语连 用) →例句：He worked in this school in2010. 3.过去完成时 基础结构（核心公式）： (I)had+过去分词→例句：By the time I arrived,the party had already started. (2)逻辑关系（中考核心）：表示”过去的过去”，即动作发生在另一个过去动作之前 →例句：She told me she had seen the movie before. 考法精析 考法一：情态动词表推测 核心：根据上下文语境，判断情态动词对现在或过去情况的推测语气（肯定/否定可能性） 真题1（语法填空)： The light in his room is off.He_(can)be asleep now. 答案：can 解析：根据”灯关着”的语境，推测现在”可能”睡着，cn表可能性推测（用于否定/疑问句，此处 虽为肯定句，但'can be asleep'”符合”理论上的可能性”用法，强调客观可能性)。 真题2（单项选择)： She looks worried.She_have failed the exam. A.must B.can C.need D.should 答案：A 解析：由'看起来担心”的语境可推断过去”一定”考试失败了，must have done表示对过去的肯定 推测。 考法二：完成时态与情态动词结合 核心：根据语境判断是否使用完成时态，并结合情态动词表推测或虚拟的用法 真题1（语法填空)： 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 The door is locked.He_(must/leave)already. 答案：must have left 解析：由”already”可知动作已完成，结合”门锁着”的语境，用'must have done'?表对过去的肯定推 测，leave的过去分词为left。 真题2（单项选择)： She looks upset.You_(should/tell)her the bad news yesterday. A.should tell B.should have told C.have told D.told 答案：B 解析：由yesterday”可知动作发生在过去，”should have done”表示”本应该做却未做”，符合”她看 起来难过”的语境，表责备。 考法三：完成时态与情态动词表推测的综合运用 核心：结合完成时态的时间标志词判断动作发生的时间关系，运用情态动词+have done结构对过 去动作进行推测或虚拟 真题1（单项选择)： The door is locked.He_gone out because no one answers the phone. A.must have B.can have C.should have D.need have 答案：A 解析：根据door is locked'?和'no one answers'”可知是对过去动作的肯定推测，用must have done' 结构表示”过去一定做过”，符合语境中”他肯定出去了”的逻辑。 真题2（语法填空）： By the time we arrived,the film(start).We should(come)earlier. 答案：had started:have come 解析：第一空根据by the time+-过去动作arrived”可知用过去完成时，结构为had+过去分词'；第 二空should have done'”表示”本应该做却未做”，符合”本应该早点来”的语境，come的过去分词为 come。 解题小妙招 情态动词解题妙招 推测语气看语境，现在过去要分清： 肯定推测用must,否定疑问can来行； should have表本应，虚拟未做常含情： 完成时态接have done,过去推测少不了： 时间标志是关键，by the time过去完： 情态虚拟和被动，结合语境细判断。 高中外研版 核心时态与语态语法全解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.You_have told me the truth earlier.Now it's too late to fix the problem. A.must B.should C.can D.need 2.By the time we got to the station,the train for half an hour. A.has left B.left C.had been away D.was leaving 3.-Why is the ground so wet? -It rained heavily last night. A.must have B.can have C.should have D.need have 4.If I-you,I would take the job offer immediately. A.am B.were C.was D.be 5.My parentsin this city since 2005,so they know every corner of it. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.are living 6.The meeting-at 3 p.m.tomorrow,so we need to arrive on time A.will hold B.is going to hold C.is being held D.will be held 7.She looks very tired.Shehave worked all night. A.can't B.must C.should D.needn't 8.He said he_never such a delicious meal before he came to China. A.has;tasted B.had tasted C.was;tasting D.would;taste 9.You_worry about me.I can take care of myself. A.mustn't B.needn't C.can't D.shouldn't 10.It's time we_for the airport,or we'll miss the flight. A.leave B.left C.will leave D.are leaving 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The book-(translate)into three languages by the end of last year. 2.They_(study)English for six years,and they can now communicate fluently. 3.You_(not buy)so much bread,we still have some at home. 4.If it_(rain)tomorrow,we_(cancel)the picnic. 5.By the time I got home,my sister_(already finish)her homework. 6.This is the first time I(visit)the Great Wall. 7.The children(play)outside for hours.They must be very tired now. 8.He_(can)speak French when he was five,but now he has forgotten most of it. 6 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 9.I wish I(meet)you at the airport yesterday,but I was stuck in traffic. 10.A new library _(build)in our school next year. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer,I decided to learn how to swim.Before that,I_(never swim)in a pool because I was afraid of water.My friend Tom,who is a good swimmer,offered to teach me. On the first day,I-(fall)into the water accidentally and almost drowned.Tom-(save)me quickly,but I was so scared that I wanted to give up.However,Tom encouraged me and said,"You(not be)afraid. If you practice every day,you_(master)swimming soon." Over the next two weeks,I practiced for an hour every afternoon.By the end of the second week,I_ (already swim)50 meters without help.I felt very proud of myself! Yesterday,Tom and I went to the beach.I(swim)in the sea for the first time.The waves were big,but I (not panic)because I(learn)the basic skills.Tom said,"You_(do)a great job!I never thought you would improve so fast." 参考答案 演练-：1B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D7B8B9.B10B 演练二： 1.had been translated 2.have studied 3.needn't have bought 4.rains/were to rain/should rain;would cancel 5.had already finished 6.have visited 7.have been playing 8.could 9.had met 10.will be built/is going to be built 演练三： 1.had never swum 2.fell 3.saved > 高中外研版 核心时态与语态 语法全解 4.needn't be 5.will master 6.had already swum 7.swam 8.didn't panic 9.had learned 10.have done 8