非谓语动词 分词 doing done 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法精讲 【专题】非谓语动词之分词doing/done系 统讲解 高中外研版语法专项突破 考频分析 高中外研版中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题 型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影响 句子结构与表达丰富性)。在语境理解类题目中，分词doing/done的逻辑主语、时态及语态关系往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 。分词形式与意义辨析：现在分词doing表主动、进行；过去分词done表被动、完成的核心区别 。句法功能应用：作定语（前置/后置定语的选择，如developing country与developed country)、状语 (时间、原因、伴随等语境匹配，如Walking in the street she met an old friend与Seen from the hill the city looks beautiful)、表语（如The book is interesting与He is interested) ·固定搭配与语境区分：感官动词后doing表动作进行(see sb doing)与done表被动完成(see sb done),以及介词后接doing的固定结构(be used to doing,look forward to doing) 知识点一：分词的分类及基础用法 1.现在分词(doing形式，表示主动或进行) 1.功能：可作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语 2.例句： ·The running water is very clear.(作定语，表主动) ·He is reading a book.（与be动词构成现在进行时，表进行) 2.过去分词(done形式，表示被动或完成) 1.功能：可作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 2.例句： ·The broken window needs repairing.(作定语，表完成) ·The cup is broken..（作表语，表状态) ·I have finished my homework.(与have/has构成现在完成时，表完成) 知识点二：非谓语动词doing形式与done形式 1.现在分词(doing) 1.功能及用法：表示主动或进行，可作定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.作定语： 。结构：名词+dong（前置或后置，前置时表性质，后置时可扩展为定语从句) 。例句： 1.a running boy（前置，表主动“正在跑的”) 2.The girl singing in the room is my sister.（后置，可扩展为who is singing) 3.作状语： ·结构：doig+句子（表伴随、原因、结果等，逻辑主语与句子主语一致） 。例句： 1.He sat there,.reading a novel.(伴随状语，“读”与“坐”同时发生) 2.Being late,he missed the first bus.(原因状语，“迟到”导致“错过”") 4.作宾语补足语： ·结构：感官动词(see/hear/watch等)+宾语+doing(强调动作正在进行) ·例句：I saw her dancing in the park.(“跳舞”这个动作正在进行) 2.过去分词(done) 1.功能及用法：表示被动或完成，可作定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.作定语： ·结构：名词+done(前置或后置，表被动或完成) 。例句： l.a broken window(前置，表完成“已破碎的”) 2.The book written by Lu Xun is popular..（后置，表被动“被写的”) 3.作状语： ●结构：done+句子（表被动，逻辑主语与句子主语一致） 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 。例句： 1.Seen from the top of the hill,.the city looks beautiful.(被动，“城市被看”) 2.Given more time,we could have finished the work.(被动，“被给予时间”) 4.作宾语补足语： ·结构：使役动词(have/make/get等)/感官动词+宾语+done(表被动或动作完成) 。例句： l.I had my hair cut yesterday.(被动，“头发被剪”) 2.We saw the old house repaired.（完成，“房子已被修理”) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.done（过去分词)基础搭配拓展（中考必背） l.be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)→例句：She is interested in invited to the party. 2.be excited about done(对被…感到兴奋)→例句：They are excited about chosen for the team. 3.be surprised at done(对被…感到惊讶)→例句：I am surprised at told the news. 4.get done(被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday 5.have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：He has his hair cut every month. 6.make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：She makes her room cleaned every week 7.keep sth.done(使某事保持被…状态)→例句：Keep the door closed, 8.find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句：I find the window broken, 9.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the problem solved. l0.hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She heard her name called.. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考） l.be used to done(被用来做)→例句：Knives are used to cut things 2.get used to done（习惯于被…)→例句：He gets used to praised by teachers. 3.be worth done(值得被做)→例句：The book is worth read. 考法精析 考法一：分词作状语的用法及语态时间关系判断 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 核心：根据主句主语与分词动作的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（同时/先后），选择现在 分词或过去分词作状语 真题1（语法填空）： -(walk)along the street,she noticed a small shop selling handmade toys. 答案：Walking 解析：主句主语she与walk是主动关系，且walk与noticed动作同时发生，用现在分词作时间状语。 真题2（完形填空）： (surprise)by the sudden rain,we had to stay in the classroom after school. A.Surprising B.Surprised C.Being surprising D.To surprise 答案：B 解析：主句主语we与surprise是被动关系（被雨吓到），用过去分词作原因状语，表“感到惊讶的”。 考法二：分词作状语与作定语的混合辨析 核心：根据语境判断分词在句中作状语还是定语，并结合主动/被动关系及动作时间选择正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： -(see)from the mountain,the village looks like a picture.The(fall)leaves add beauty to it. 答案：Seen fallen 解析：第一空分词位于句首，逻辑主语为the village,与see是被动关系，作状语用过去分词Seen: 第二空修饰名词leaves,表完成状态（已落下的叶子），作定语用过去分词fallen。 真题2（完形填空）： The students(read)books in the library were asked to keep quiet.-(hear)the notice,they lowered their voices immediately A.reading Hearing B.read Heard C.reading Heard D.read Hearing 答案：A 解析：第一空分词短语修饰students,表主动进行（学生正在读书），作定语用现在分词reading:第 二空分词位于句首，逻辑主语为they,与hear是主动关系，作状语用现在分词Hearing。 考法三：现在分词与过去分词作定语和表语的综合辨析 核心：结合语境区分现在分词（主动/进行/事物特征）与过去分词（被动/完成/人感受）作定语、表 语的用法差异 真题1（单项选择）： The-(excite)news made all of us-(excite) A.exciting;exciting B.excited;excited C.exciting;excited D.excited;exciting 4 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 答案：C 解析：第一空修饰名词'news”(事物)，用现在分词'exciting'”表示”令人兴奋的”；第二空说明主 语'us”（人)的感受，用过去分词'excited表示”感到兴奋的”。 真题2（语法填空）： Look!The girl(dance)over there is my best friend.Her_(smile)face makes everyone happy 答案：dancing;smiling 解析：第一空”girl'与”dance'”是主动关系且动作正在进行，用现在分词'dancing'”作后置定语；第二 空修饰名词'face’,用现在分词smiling'’作前置定语，表主动？微笑的”。 解题小妙招 分词作成分妙招 成分判断看位置，句首句末多状语，名词前后常定语： 状语先找逻辑主，主动进行用现分，被动完成用过分： 定语修饰看对象，人感物令要分清，主动进行现分饰，被动完成过分饰： 表语多表人状态，过去分词来帮忙，物特征用现分当。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.the novel,she couldn't help crying at the sad ending. A.Reading B.Read C.Having read D.To read 2.The news made all of us for a long time A.exciting;exciting B.excited;excited C.exciting,excited D.excited;exciting 3.by the heavy rain,we had to cancel the outdoor activity A.Beating B.Beaten C.To beat D.Having beaten 4.The girl in the comner is my best friend,Mary. A.sit B.sitting C.sat D.to sit 5.-more attention,the flowers could have grown better. A.Giving B.Given C.Give D.To give 6.The film was so that the audience were all to tears. A.moved;moving B.moving;moved C.moving;moving D.moved;moved 7.-along the path,I met an old man who was selling fresh fruit. A.Walk B.Walked C.Walking D.To walk 5 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 8.The problem_at the meeting yesterday was about environmental protection. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.discuss 9.in thought,he didn't notice the teacher entering the classroom. A.Losing B.Lost C.To lose D.Having lost 10.Thechildren are playing games in thegarden. A.laughing;delighted B.laughed;delighting C.laughing;delighting D.laughed;delighted 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The little boy fell off the bike,(cry)loudly. 2.(see)from the top of the tower,the city looks even more beautiful. 3.The_(break)vase on the floor needs to be cleaned up. 4.She felt_(surprise)when she heard the(surprise)news. 5.(study)hard for years,he finally passed the college entrance exam. 6.The book_(write)by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. 7.-(tire)after a long walk,they decided to stop and have a rest. 8.The workers are repairing the_(damage)road caused by the storm. 9.(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation letter. 10.The students are busy_(prepare)for the coming final exam. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last Sunday,I went to the park with my friends.-(walk)through the gate,we saw a group of children -(play)happily on the grass.A girl(wear)a red dress was flying a kite,and her laughter filled the air. Nearby,an old man was sitting on a bench,-(read)a newspaper.The newspaper,-(publish)last week, had some interesting stories about wildlife protection. Suddenly,it started to rain.We ran to a nearby pavilion,-(carry)our bags over our heads.-(wet)all over,we sat down and waited for the rain to stop.An hour later,the rain stopped,and the sun came out.The ground was covered with-(fall)leaves,making the park look like a colorful carpet.We felt(relax)and decided to continue our walk.On the way back,we met a woman_(sell)handmade crafts,and we bought some beautiful souvenirs. 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.C3B4.B5.B6B7.C8B9B10.C 1.crying 2.Seen 3.broken 4.surprised;surprising 5.Having studied 6.written 7.Tired 8.damaged 9.Not knowing 10.preparing 6 高中外研版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.Walking 2.playing 3.wearing 4.reading 5.published 6.carrying 7.Wet 8.fallen 9.relaxed 10.sell- ing 7