特殊结构与综合语法 主谓一致系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 【专题】主谓一致系统讲解 高中语法专项突破 考频分析 外研版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，主谓一致是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核 心考察，直接影响句子结构正确性与逻辑一致性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的语法规则及 特殊句式的应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·语法规则应用：主语单复数形式与谓语动词的匹配（如单数主语用单数动词，复数主语用复数动词） ·特殊结构一致：here be句型、并列主语、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致规则 ·语境时态一致：结合一般现在时、一般过去时等时态中主谓一致的具体表现与判断 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原则及应用 1.语法一致原则（主语与谓语单复数形式一致) 1.规则1：单数主语（第三人称he/she/it/单数名词/不可数名词)→谓语用单数（动词+s/es) 。例句：(I)The girl plays the piano every day..(单数名词作主语，谓语play加s)(2)Water is important for life.(不可数名词作主语，谓语用is) 2.规则2：复数主语(we/you/they/复数名词)→谓语用原形（不加s/es) ·例句：(I)They study together after school..(复数代词作主语，谓语用原形study)(2)These books belong to the library.(复数名词作主语，谓语用原形belong) 2.意义一致原则（根据主语实际意义判断单复数） 1.规则1：集体名词表整体(family/class/team)→谓语用单数；表成员→谓语用复数 。例句：(I)His family is a big one.(表整体”家庭”，谓语用is)(2)His family are watching TV now. (表成员家人”，谓语用复数e) 高中外研版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 2.规则2：”the+形容词'表一类人(the poor/the old)→谓语用复数 。例句：The old need more care from society..(表”老年人”群体，谓语用原形need) 3.就近一致原则（谓语与靠近的主语部分保持一致) 1.常见结构：there be../either.or.neither...nor./not only..but also… ●例句：(I)There is a pen and two books on the desk.(靠近be动词的主语apen为单数，用is)(2) Not only he but also his parents like swimming.(靠近谓语的his parents为复数，用原形like) 知识点二：主谓一致核心规则与特殊情况 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） 1.规则讲解：主语为单数（如he,she,it,this book)时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式：主语为复数 (如they,we,these books)时，谓语动词用原形（一般现在时）。 2.例句： ·The girl studies hard every day.(主语the girl为单数，谓语用studies) ·Those students play basketball after school.(主语those students为复数，谓语用play) 2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语） 1.规则讲解：集体名词（如family,class,team)作主语时，若表示整体概念（单数意义），谓语用单数： 若表示成员个体（复数意义），谓语用复数。 2.例句： ·Our class is a good team.(class表示整体，谓语用is) ●The family are watching TV now.(family表示成员，谓语用are watching) 3.就近一致原则（谓语与最近主语保持一致） 1.规则讲解：由”either..or.”,”neither.nor.”,”not only..but also.”连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近 它的主语单复数一致。 2.例句： ●Neither he nor his friends are interested in the film.(靠近谓语的主语his friends为复数，用are) ●Not only the teacher but also the students want to have a picnic.(靠近谓语的主语the students为复 数，用want) 4.特殊主语的主谓一致 2 高中外研版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 1.不可数名词/抽象名词作主语（谓语用单数） ·例句：Water is important for living things.(water为不可数名词，用is) 2.”he+形容词”表一类人（谓语用复数） ·例句：The old are taken good care of in this community.(the old表示“老年人”，用are) 3.不定代词作主语(someone,anyone,ever'ything等用单数；both,few,many等用复数) ●例句：(I)Everyone has a dream.(everyone表单数，用has)(2)Many have finished their tasks.(many 表复数，用have) 4.数量短语作主语(”数词+量词+of+名词”结构，谓语与量词单复数一致) 。例句：(I)Three bottles of milk is on the table.(bottle为单数，用is)(2)Two boxes of apples are in the fridge.(box为复数，用are) 知识点三：主谓一致的特殊句式与综合应用 1.集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 l.强调整体概念（视为单数）→例句：The team is playing well this season.(这支队伍本赛季表现很好。) 2.强调个体成员（视为复数）→例句：The team are discussing their plans for the match.(队员们正在讨 论比赛计划。) 3.常见集体名词(family,class,group,audience等)→例句：My family is big.(我家是个大家庭。)→ 例句：My family are watching TV now.(我的家人正在看电视。) 2.特殊代词作主语时的主谓一致 1.each/evey+名词单数作主语（谓语用单数）→例句：Each student has a dictionary.(每个学生都有 一本字典。) 2.either..or.neither.nor连接主语（就近原则）→例句：Either you or he is right..(要么你对，要么 他对。)→例句：Neither the teacher nor the students are in the classroom.(老师和学生都不在教室。) 3.not only.but also.连接主语（就近原则)→例句：Not only the books but also the pen is mine.(不 仅书是我的，钢笔也是我的。) 3.数量慨念作主语时的主谓一致 1.分数/百分数+of+名词（谓语与名词一致）→例句：Two thirds of the water is drunk.(三分之二的 水被喝了。)→例句：Half of the students are girls.（一半的学生是女生。) 2.”the number of+名词复数”（谓语用单数）一例句：The number of students in our class is45.（我们 班的学生人数是45人。) 3 高中外研版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 3.”a number of+名词复数”（谓语用复数）→例句：Anumber of birds are singing in the tree.(许多鸟 在树上唱歌。) 4.时间/距离/金钱作主语（视为整体，谓语用单数）→例句：Ten years is a long time.(十年是很长的 一段时间。)→例句：Two hundred dollars is enough.(两百美元足够了。) 考法精析 考法一：主谓一致原则辨析 核心：根据主语的单复数形式、意义或就近原则，判断谓语动词的正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： Our class(be)a big family.We often help each other. 答案：is 解析：主语class在此处表整体“班级”，根据意义一致原则，谓语用单数is。 真题2（单项选择)： Not only my parents but also my brother_interested in playing football. A.am B.is C.are D.be 答案：B 解析：根据就近一致原则，靠近谓语的主语my brother为单数，所以谓语用is。 考法二：主谓一致与非谓语动词结合 核心：先根据主谓一致原则确定谓语动词形式，再结合非谓语动词的功能及用法（如作定语、状语 等)判断正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： The team (decide)to have a picnic,with all members_(bring)their favorite food. 答案：decides bringing 解析：第一空，主语The team表整体，根据语法一致原则，谓语动词用单数decides:第二空，“with+ 宾语+宾补”结构，members与bring是主动关系，用现在分词作宾补，填bringing。 真题2（单选题)： Not only the students but also their teacher_interested in_out for a walk after dinner. A.is going B.are going C.is to go D.are to go 答案：A 解析：第一空，not only.but also..连接并列主语，遵循就近一致原则，靠近谓语的their teacher是单 数，用is:第二空，be interested in中in为介词，后接动名词作宾语，go的动名词是going,故选A。 4 高中外研版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 考法三：主谓一致与非谓语动词的综合应用 核心：结合主谓一致原则判断谓语动词单复数，同时正确使用非谓语动词的时态和语态形式 真题1（单项选择)： Neither the teacher nor the students_interested in the filmby the famous director last year. A.is made B.are making C.is making D.are made 答案：D 解析：neither..nor.连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循就近一致原则，靠近谓语的主语'the stu- dents”为复数，故第一空用are:第二空”film”与"make”是被动关系，且时间标志词'last year'”表明 用一般过去时，过去分词为made,此处省略了hat/which was',完整结构为'the film(that was)made”。 真题2（语法填空）： The boy(pretend)to be reading when his mother came in.His family(watch)TV in the living room at that time. 答案：pretended were watching 解析：第一空”pretend'为谓语动词，根据时间状语"when his mother came in'”可知用一般过去时，填 pretended:第二空family”在此处表示”家人”，表复数意义，结合”at that time”可知用过去进行时， 填were watching。 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 主谓一致看三原则，语法意义就近记： 整体单数成员复，集体名词要辨析： not only but also后，就近主语定单复： 非谓结合主谓时，先判谓语单复数： 再看非谓主被动，主动ing被动ed: 介词之后接动名，宾补主被动分明： 综合应用先主干，再添枝叶莫慌乱。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The family watching TV when the doorbell rang A is B are Cwas Dwere 2.Not only my friends but also I interested in playing basketball 高中外研版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 A am Bis Care Dbe 3.To English well needs a lot of practice A learn B learning Clearned D learns 4.The girl in the park is my sister A play B playing C played Dto play 5.He pretendedwhen his mother came in A to read B reading C to be reading D being reading 6.The work_by the workers last week A finish B finished C was finished D was finishing 7.I have a lot of homeworktonight A do B to do C doing Ddone 8.Not only the students but also their teacherthe film A like B likes C is like D are like 9.-in the sun is bad for your eyes A Read B Reading C To read D Reads 10.The novel by Lu Xun is very popular A write B writing C written Dto write 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My family(be)a big one. 2.Not only you but also he(like)swimming. 3.She wants(buy)a new dress. 4.The boy_(run)in the playground is my brother. 5.I am sorry(keep)you waiting for so long 6 高中外研版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 6.The work (finish)yesterday. 7.He enjoys(listen)to music. 8.There(be)a book and two pens on the desk. 9.-(learn)English well is important. 10.The girl_(sit)by the window is reading a book. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 1.Tom is a student who_(love)learning English. 2.He often practices(speak)English with his friends. 3.Last week,his teacher asked him_(prepare)a report about English learning. 4.He spent two days_(write)the report. 5.The report (finish)yesterday. 6.Today,he is going to give a speech. 7.He is nervous about(speak)in front of the class. 8.His teacher told him(relax)and believe in himself. 9.The students and the teacher(be)looking forward to his speech. 10.The speech_(hold)in the classroom. 11.Tom hopes_(do)well in the speech. 7 高中外研版 【语法全解】 特殊结构与综合语法 答案区 演练-：1.B2.A3.A4B5.C6.C7B8B9B10.C 1.is 2.likes 3.to buy 4.running 5.to have kept 6.was finished 7.listening 8.is 9.To learn 10.sitting 1.loves 2.speaking 3.to prepare 4.writing 5.was finished 6.speaking 7.to relax 8.are 9.will be held 10.to do 8