特殊结构与综合语法 强调与倒装系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 【专题】强调与倒装系统讲解 语法专项突破 考频分析 高中外研版特殊结构与综合语法中，强调与倒装是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷核心题型：单项选择(1-2题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解（长难句分析涉及）、书面表 达（句式优化提升表达效果）。在结构分析类题目中，强调句的引导词选择、倒装的触发条件及主 谓一致往往是解题关键。 考查内容 高中英语对强调与倒装的考察聚焦三大维度，覆盖结构特征与语境应用： ·强调结构：强调句型It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分的基本构成与判断：对谓语 动词的强调(do/does/did+动词原形) ·倒装语序：部分倒装（否定副词/短语位于句首、oy+状语位于句首等）的结构规则与应用： 完全倒装(here/there/.inm/out等副词位于句首)的构成与语境限制 ·句式转换与辨析：强调句与定语从句的区分：倒装句与正常语序的转换；特定语境中强调与 倒装的语义表达功能 知识点一：强调与倒装系统讲解 1.强调句型(It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他) ·基本结构：强调句中被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、状语（时间/地点/原因等），指人时可用 who,其他情况用that ·例句：(I)It was Tom who/that helped me yesterday.(强调主语Tom)(2)It is in the park that we will meet..(强调地点状语in the park) 2.倒装句之完全倒装（谓语动词完全置于主语之前） 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 ·常见情况：表示地点的副词(here/there)或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时 ·例句：(I)Here comes the bus.(地点副词here置于句首，主语the bus为名词)(2)On the wall hangs a beautiful painting.(介词短语on the wall置于句首，主语a beautiful painting为名词) 3.倒装句之部分倒装（将助动词/情态动词/b动词置于主语之前） ·常见情况：否定副词(never/not/seldom)、半否定词(hardly/scarcely)、only+状语置于句首时 ·例句：(I)Never have I seen such a strange thing..(否定副词never置于句首，助动词have提前) (2)Only when he came back did we know the truth.(only+时间状语从句置于句首，助动词did 提前) 4.强调与倒装的区别（功能与结构差异） ·强调句型：突出句子某一成分，结构为'It is/was..that/who.”,去掉强调结构后句子仍完整 ·倒装句：改变语序以强调句首成分或符合语法规则，倒装后原句语序被打乱，还原后才符合 正常陈述语序 ·例句对比：(I)强调句：It was yesterday that wemet.（去掉It was.that后为'We met yesterday.”, 句子完整)(2)倒装句：Yesterday did we meet.(错误，应改为正常语序We met yesterday.”或 部分倒装Never did we meet yesterday..”,单纯时间状语yesterday置于句首一般不倒装) 知识点二：强调句与倒装句 1.强调句（突出句子某一成分，常用It is/was+被强调部分+hat/who+其 他”结构) (1)强调主语（人物) 结构：Itis/was+主语+that/who+谓语+其他（强调人可用who,物用that) 例句： (I)It is Tom who/.that helped me yesterday.(强调人，Tom是主语) (2)It was a cat that ran into the room just now.(强调物，acat是主语) (2)强调宾语 结构：It is/was+宾语+hat+主语+谓语+其他 例句： (I)It is this book that I want to buy.(强调宾语this book) (2)It was the news that surprised her a lot..（强调宾语the news) (③)强调时间状语/地点状语 2 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 结构：Itis/was+状语+that+其他 例句： (l)It was yesterday that he met his old friend..(强调时间状语yesterday) (2)It is in the park that we will have a picnic.(强调地点状语in the park) 2.倒装句（分为完全倒装和部分倒装） ()完全倒装（谓语全部置于主语之前，常见于”地点副词/介词短语+谓语+主语”结构) 结构：地点副词(Here/There//Out/Mn)/介词短语(In front of the house)+动词+主语（名词） 例句： (I)Here comes the bus.(公交车来了；主语bus是名词，用完全倒装) (2)In front of the classroom stands a big tree..(教室前面有一棵大树：介词短语开头，主语tree是名 词) 注意：若主语是代词，不倒装。如：lere it is.(它在这儿) (2)部分倒装（将助动词/情态动词b动词置于主语之前，常见于否定词/半否定词开头的句子） 结构：否定词(Never/Not//No/Nowhere)/半否定词(Hardly/Scarcely)+助动词/情态动词be动词+ 主语+谓语动词原形 例句： (I)Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(我从未见过这么美的地方；否定词Never开头，助动词 have提前) (2)Hardly did he finish his homework when the lights went out..(他刚做完作业灯就灭了；半否定词 Hardly开头，助动词did提前，谓语用原形finish) 3)”So+adj/adv.”开头的部分倒装（表示”如此…以至于”) 结构：So+adj./adv.+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+that从句 例句： (I)So fast does he run that no one can catch him.(他跑得如此快，没人能追上：副词fast开头，助动 词does提前) (2)So beautiful is the girl that everyone likes her..(这个女孩如此漂亮，所有人都喜欢她：形容词beautiful 开头，be动词is提前) 知识点三：强调与倒装 1.强调句（中考核心） 基础结构拓展（中考必背）： (I)It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他（强调人用who,其他用that)→例句：It was Tom who helped me yesterday.(是汤姆昨天帮助了我。) (2)强调谓语动词：do/does/did+动词原形一例句：She does love playing the piano.(她确实喜欢弹 3 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 钢琴。) (3)强调时间/地点/原因：Itis/was+时间/地点/原因+that+其他→例句：It was in the park that we met last week.(我们上周是在公园遇见的。) 2.倒装句（中考常考） 完全倒装（谓语动词置于主语前）： (I)There be+主语（存在句型）→例句：There are three books on the desk.(桌子上有三本书。) (2)副词/介词短语置于句首+谓语+主语→例句：Here comes the bus!(公交车来了！) 部分倒装（助动词/情态动词置于主语前）： (I)否定词置于句首(never,hardly,seldom等)→例句：Never have I seen such a beautiful place..(我 从未见过如此美丽的地方。) (2)So+形容词/副词+that.(如此…以至于)→例句：So fast does he run that no one can catch him (他跑得如此快，没人能追上他。) 3.强调与倒装的区别（中考易错） (I)强调句去掉Itis/was...that后仍为完整句子，倒装句不可一例句：强调句：It was Mary that called you.(去掉后：Mary called you.)倒装句：Here comes Mary.(不可去掉Here) (2)倒装句改变语序表强调，强调句通过结构突出特定成分→例句：倒装强调动作：Out rushed the children..(孩子们冲了出去。)强调句强调主语：It was the children that rushed out.（是孩子们冲了出 去。) 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词形式辨析 核心：根据非谓语动词在句中的功能（主语、宾语、状语等）及搭配规则，选择正确的非谓语动词 形式（不定式、动名词） 真题1（语法填空）： -(learn)English well requires hard work and consistent practice. 答案：Learning 解析：此处需用非谓语动词作主语，表抽象概念“学习英语”，动名词作主语符合语法规则，leam 的动名词形式为learning。 真题2（完形填空）： She decided(join)the English club to improve her speaking skills. A.join B.joining C.to join D.joined 4 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 答案：C 解析：decide后接不定式作宾语，构成“decide to do sth.”结构，意为“决定做某事”，故选择to join 考法二：非谓语动词与时态结合 核心：根据语境判断非谓语动词的时态和语态，结合主句时态确定正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： I remember_(meet)him somewhere before,but I can't tell when exactly. 答案：meeting 解析：remember后接动名词表示“记得做过某事”，meet的动作发生在remember之前，用动名词 的一般式meeting。 真题2（单选题)： The teacher told us that the earth_around the sun. A.moves B.moved C.has moved D.was moving 答案：A 解析：宾语从句陈述客观真理，用一般现在时；主语the earth为第三人称单数，谓语动词用moves。 考法三：强调句、倒装句与被动语态的综合应用 核心：结合强调句型结构(It is/was+被强调部分+that/who)、部分倒装规则（否定词/only+状语 置于句首)及被动语态(b+过去分词)，在语境中综合判断语法形式。 真题1（单项选择）： It was in this lab that the important discoveryby the scientists last year. A.makes B.made C.was made D.is made 答案：C 解析：句子为强调句型，强调地点状语“in this lab”,去掉强调结构后还原为“The important discovery _by the scientists in this lab last year”。主语“discovery”是动作“make”的承受者，需用被动语态；时间 标志词“last year”表明用一般过去时，被动语态结构为“was+过去分词”，make的过去分词为made。 真题2（语法填空）： Neversuch a beautiful song-(sing)by a child before.It surprised everyone. 答案：has been sung 解析：否定副词“Never”置于句首，句子需部分倒装，助动词提前：主语“song”是动作“sing” 的承受者，用被动语态：时间标志词“before'”结合语境表示“到现在为止”，用现在完成时，被动 语态结构为“has been+过去分词”，sing的过去分词为sung。 解题小妙招 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 非谓语功能看成分，主宾表定状要分明： 作主语表抽象，动名词形式最先行： 某些动词要注意，to do doing各不同； decide后接todo,remember doing表完成。 强调句型有特点，It is/was.that/who来引导： 去掉结构句子完，时态要和标志配： since标志现完成，yesterday提示用过去。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.It was yesterday we won the football match. A.when B.that C.which D.where 2.-the early bus,he gets up at 5:30 every morning A.Catch B.Catching C.To catch D.Caught 3.She suggesteda picnic this weekend. A.have B.having C.to have D.had 4.The book by Mary last month is very popular. A.written B.writing C.to write D.write 5.Neversuch a beautiful sunset before I visited the island. A.I see B.do I see C.I saw D.did I see 6.He asked me the window. A.close B.closing C.to close D.closed 7.This is the villageI grew up. A.where B.which C.that D.when 8.The studentsin the classroom now are preparing for the exam. A.study B.studying C.to study D.studied 9.By the time we arrived,the meeting_ A.ends B.ended C.has ended D.had ended 10.It is important English every day. A.practice B.practicing C.to practice D.practiced 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.(walk)is a good way to keep healthy. 2.She hopes(visit)her grandparents next week. 6 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 3.It was Tom helped me with my homework yesterday. 4.The letter(write)by my brother has been sent. 5.Only thenwe realize the importance of teamwork. 6.I enjoy(listen)to music in my free time. 7.(learn)a foreign language takes time and effort. 8.The teacher told us_(not be)late for class. 9.On the top of the mountain(stand)an old temple 10.They_(live)here for 10 years by next month. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Dear friends, (learn)a new language can be challenging,but it is also rewarding.Last year,I decided-(join)an English club to improve my skills.The club,was founded in 2018,meets every Saturday.We often practice-(speak)English by discussing topics like culture and technology. It was during one of these meetings I met Lisa,a student from Canada.She told me that she_(study) Chinese for two years.We became friends and started helping each other:I taught her Chinese idioms,and she helped me with my pronunciation. Last month,we organized a cultural exchange event.Many students(participate)in it,and everyone enjoyed(share)their stories.By the end of the event,we(make)over 20 new friends. (improve)your language skills,remember to practice daily and never be afraid to make mistakes! 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.A5D6.C7.A8.B9D10.C 1.Walking 2.to visit 3.who/that 4.written 5.did 6.listening 7.Learning 8.not to be 9.stands 10.will have lived 1.Learning 2.to join 3.which 4.speaking 5.that 6.had studied 7.participated 8.sharing 9.had made 10.To improve 7