特殊结构与综合语法 高中阶段常见固定句型与结构-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法精解 【专题】高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 特殊结构与综合语法专项突破 考频分析 高中外研版特殊结构与综合语法中，固定句型与结构是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左 右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-2题)、书面表 达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构规范性与表达准确性）。在语境理解类题目中，固定句型的搭配、 时态一致性及逻辑关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。句型结构辨析：It is/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth中for与of的选择依据：It takes sb some time to do sth的时态变化与句式转换：There be句型的各种时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等） 与变体(There seems/happens to be等)的构成规则：“疑问词+不定式”结构作主语、宾语、表语 的用法：“so/such.hat.”结构中so与such的搭配差异及结果状语从句的引导功能： 。语境应用匹配：结合具体语境判断It is/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth中形容词的性质（修饰事物用 for,修饰人用of):根据时间状语选择There be句型的恰当时态：“疑问词+不定式”结构在不同 语境下的语义表达：“so/such.that.”结构中结果程度的语境体现： ●句式转换与翻译：It takes sb some time to do sth与Sb spends some time doing sth的同义句转换：There be句型的主动与被动含义转换；“疑问词+不定式”结构与宾语从句的转换；“so/sch.that”结 构的汉译英及英译汉技巧。 知识点一：高中阶段常见固定句型与结构 1.It is/was adj.for/of sb to do sth 1.用法区别： 。for sb:形容词描述事物性质（如difficult,.easy,important),不涉及人的品质 。ofsb:形容词描述人的品质（如kind,clever,.foolish),可转换为sbis+adj. 2.结构示例： 。It is important for us to learn English.(important描述事物，用for) 1 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 ·It is kind of you to help me..(kind描述人，可转换为You are kind to help me) 2.It takes sb some time to do sth 1.基本结构： 。It takes+人+时间+to do sth(it为形式主语，真正主语是to do sth) 2.时态变化： ●一般现在时：It takes her30 minutes to walk to school.. ●一般过去时：It took them2 hours to finish the work. 3.被动转换（较少使用）： 30 minutes is taken by her to walk to school. 3.There be句型的各种时态与变体 1.常见时态： ·一般现在时：There is a book on the desk.(单数) There are two cats in the garden.（复数) 。一般过去时：There was a party here last night. There were many students in the classroom yesterday. ●一般将来时：There will be a meeting tomorrow. There is going to be a football match next week. ●现在完成时：There has been a big change in our city. 2.变体结构： ◆There seems to be..(似乎有)：There seems to be some mistake. ●There used to be..(过去有)：There used to be a river here 4.“疑问词+不定式”结构 1.常见疑问词： 。what,how,when,where,which,.whether(if不可用) 2.句法功能 ·作主语：How to solve the problem is a big challenge.. ●作宾语：Idon't know what to buy for her birthday. 。作表语：The question is where to find the information.. 3.例句： 2 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 She taught me how to cook noodles. They are discussing whether to accept the offer. 5.“so/such...that..”结果状语结构 1.用法区别： .so adj./adv.that:He is so tall that he can reach the shelf.(adj.) She runs so fast that no one can catch her.(adv.) .such +(a/an)+adj.+n.that: It is such a beautiful day that we want to go out.(可数单数) They are such kind people that everyone likes them.(可数复数) It was such delicious food that I ate too much.(不可数) 2.否定结构： .so...that...not:He is so young that he can't drive such...that..not:It is such a difficult task that we can't finish it. 知识点二：There be句型详解 1.一般现在时 1.基础结构： ·There is+可数名词单数/不可数名词→例句：There is a book on the desk. ·There are+可数名词复数→例句：There are three apples in the basket. 2.一般过去时 1.基础结构： 。There was+可数名词单数/不可数名词→例句：There was a park here last year. ·There were+可数名词复数→例句：There were many students in the classroom yesterday. 3.一般将来时 1.基础结构： ●There will be+名词→例句：There will be a party tomorrow evening. ●There is/are going to be+名词→例句：There is going to be a football match next week. 4.特殊变体 3 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 l.There be+名词+地，点状语→例句：There is a cat under the chair. 2.There be+名词+时间状语→例句：There will be a meeting at3p.m. 3.There be句型的疑问式：Is/Are there.?→例句：Are there any books in the bag?? 4.There be句型的否定式：There isn't/aren't.→例句：There isn't any milk in the bottle. 解题小妙招 止句型妙招 It作形式主语句型辨，for/of介词看形容： 形容事物特征用for,描述人品of来跟： 真正主语不定式，主动被动看逻辑： 主动关系todo用，被动to be done跟： 疑问词后接不定式，固定句型要记准。 考法精析 考法一：Itis/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth句型辨析 核心：根据形容词的属性（描述事物特征或人的品质），选择正确的介词for或of 真题1（语法填空)： It is important_us to protect the environment. 答案：for 解析：形容词important强调事物（保护环境这件事）的特征，应使用介词for。 真题2（完形填空）： It was kind her to help the old man cross the street. A.for B.of C.with D.to 答案：B 解析：形容词kind强调人的品质（她善良），应使用介词of。 考法二：非谓语动词与固定句型融合 核心：结合“疑问词+不定式”“t作形式主语”等固定句型，判断非谓语动词的适当形式（如不 定式、现在分词、过去分词) 真题1（语法填空)： I don't know how_(improve)my spoken English quickly. 4 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 答案：to improve 解析：此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语，improve用不定式形式to improve。 真题2（单项选择)： It's important for us_(learn)teamwork in group activities. A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.learned 答案：C 解析：此处为“Itis+adj.+for sb to do sth”固定句型，it作形式主语，真正主语用不定式to learn。 考法三：固定句型与复合句的综合应用 核心：结合It is/was+adj.+for/of sb to do sth”句型、”疑问词+不定式”结构与宾语从句的引导词 及时态规则，判断句子结构和语法正确性。 真题1（单项选择）： It is kindyou to tell me I should do next. A.for;how B.of,what C.for;what D.of,how 答案：B 解析：第一空，形容词kd'描述人的品质，用'ofsb”结构；第二空，”do”后缺少宾语，需用疑问 代词what”引导宾语从句，how”为疑问副词，不能作宾语。 真题2（语法填空）： She asked me whether-(solve)the problem was difficult.I told her it was importantus to try our best. 答案：to solve:for 解析：第一空，whether+疑问词+不定式”结构作asked的宾语，how to solve'”符合语法；第二 空，形容词'important''描述事物性质，用'for sb to do sth”结构。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.It is necessary-students to master basic computer skills in the digital age. A for B of C with D to 2.The little boy was sothat he cried loudly when he couldn't find his mother. A angry B frightened C quick D slowly 3.-to solve this math problem in five minutes is challenging for most students. A How B How do C How doing D How to 4.My parents always tell metoo much time playing video games. A not to spend B to not spend C not spending D don't spend 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 5.The bookon the desk yesterday was written by Mo Yan A lying B lay C laid D to lie 6.She asked me I had finished my homework before going out. A that B if C what D where 7.he is over 70,my grandfather still goes swimming every morning. A Because B If C Though D Unless 8.It took them three hours_through the heavy traffic to the airport. A drive B driving C to drive D driven 9.The teacher explained the rule again_everyone could understand it. A so that B as if C even though D since 10.you keep practicing speaking English,you will make great progress. A When B Unless C If D While 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.It was kind you to donate so much money to the charity. 2.There_(be)a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 tomorrow afternoon. 3.I don't know(do)next when I face difficulties. 4.The movie was_interesting that I wanted to watch it again. 5.-(learn)a foreign language well requires patience and practice 6.The children were excited(see)their favorite cartoon characters at the park. 7.The bridge_(build)last year connects the two villages. 8.He ran fast that he won the 100-meter race easily. 9.It is important for us_(protect)the environment for future generations. 10.She looks forward to_(receive)a reply from her pen pal soon. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Last Sunday,my friends and I decided to go hiking in the mountains.It was such a beautiful day_we started early in the morning.On the way,we met an old man_was collecting garbage along the path.He told us that he had been doing this for five years to keep the mountains clean.We were deeply moved and decided to help him It took us two hours(collect)all the rubbish.The old man thanked us and said,"It is kind-you young people to care about nature."We felt happy because we could do something meaningful. 6 高中外研版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 After that,we continued our hike.I asked Li Ming,"Do you know(climb)mountains can improve our physical health?"He nodded and said,"Yes,and it also teaches us(work)together as a team." When we reached the top,we saw a sign(say),"Please take your litter away."We realized that protect- ing the environment is everyone's responsibility.Although we were tired,we all agreed that this was the most unforgettable hike we(ever have). we return home,we will tell our classmates about this experience and encourage them(join)in envi- ronmental protection activities. 答案区 演练-：1.A2B3D4.A5.A6B7.C8.C9.A10.C 演练二：1.of2.will be/is going to be3.what to do4.so5.Learning 6.to see 7.built 8.so 9.to protect 10.receiving 演练三：1.that2.who/that3.to collect4.of5.that climbing 6.to work 7.saying 8.had ever had 9.When 10.to join 7