句法 名词性从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【语法专版】 句法全解 语法专版 【专题】名词性从句系统讲解 高中句法核心模块 考频分析 高中外研版句法中，名词性从句是核心语法模块，考频占句法总量的25%左右，覆盖试卷关键题 型：单项选择(3-4题)、阅读理解（长难句分析核心）、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（提升句式 复杂度与逻辑性的关键)。在综合理解类题目中，名词性从句的连接词选用、语序及与其他从句的 区分往往是解题难点。 考查内容 ·从句类型识别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的结构特征与功能辨别 。连接词选用：that、if/whether、特殊疑问词(what/who/.which等)的语法功能与语义匹配 ·语序与时态：陈述句语序的坚持，主从句时态呼应规则（如主句过去时从句用相应过去时态） 知识点一：名词性从句的分类及基础用法 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，常用t作形式主语） 1.连接词类型：that(无意义，不可省)、whether(是否)、连接代词(what/who/.which/whose)、连接 副词(when/where/why/how) 2.例句： 。That she will come tomorrow is certain.(that引导主语从句，不可省) 。It is important how we solve the problem.(it作形式主语，how引导真正主语从句) 2.宾语从句（在句中作动词或介词的宾语) l.连接词类型：that(无意义，可省)、whether/if(是否)、连接代词(what/who/which/whose)、连接 副词(when/where/why/how) 2.例句： ·I think(that)he is right..(that引导宾语从句，可省) 1 高中外研版 【语法专版】 句法全解 ·She asked whether we would go to the party.(whether引导介词宾语从句，表“是否") 3.表语从句（在句中作表语，位于系动词后） 1.连接词类型：that(无意义，不可省)、whether（是否)、连接代词(what/who/.which/whose)、连接 副词(when/where/why/how)、as if/as though（好像) 2.例句： ·The fact is that he lied to us.(that引导表语从句，不可省) ·This is where the accident happened.(where引导表语从句，表地点) 4.同位语从句（对前面名词作解释说明，常用名词有fact/news/idea/.promise 等) 1.连接词类型：that(无意义，不可省)、whether(是否)、连接副词(when/where/why/how) 2.例句： 。We heard the news that our team won the game.(that引导同位语从句，解释news内容) ·There is some doubt whether he will arrive on time.(whether引导同位语从句，表“是否”) 知识点二：名词性从句分类及用法 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，表达一个完整的陈述或疑问） 1.连接词类型： ●tht(无意义，仅连接，不可省略) 。whether（是否，表疑问) ·what/which/who/whom/whose(疑问代词，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语) ·when/where/why/how(疑问副词，在从句中作状语) 2.基本结构：连接词+陈述句语序（即主谓/主系表结构） 3.例句： 。That she will come to the party is certain.(that引导主语从句，无意义，不可省略；从句为主谓结 构) ·Whether we can finish the work on time depends on our effort..(whether表“是否”，从句为陈述句 语序) ·What he said made me angry.(what在从句中作said的宾语，意为“他说的话") ·Where the meeting will be held hasn't been decided yet..(where在从句中作地点状语，意为“会议 将在哪里举行”) 高中外研版 【语法专版】 句法全解 2.宾语从句（在句中作动词、介词或形容词的宾语) 1.连接词类型： 。hat(无意义，可省略) 。if/whether(是否，表疑问) ·疑问代词/副词（同主语从句） 2.时态规则： ·主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态 ·主句为一般过去时，从句用相应过去时态（如一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时等） ·从句为客观真理时，用一般现在时 3.例句： ·She knows(hat)he is a teacher..(that引导，作knows的宾语，可省略；主句现在时，从句现在时) 。I wonder if/whether he will help us.(if/whether表“是否”，作wonder的宾语) ●He asked what I was doing then..(主句过去时，从句用过去进行时：what在从句中作doing的宾 语)》 ·The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun..(从句为客观真理，用一般现在时) 。We are talking about where we will go for vacation.(where引导，作介词about的宾语) 3.表语从句（在句中作系动词的表语，位于be/become/seem/look等系动词 后) 1.连接词类型：that(无意义，不可省略)、whether(是否)、疑问代词/副词、as if/as though(好像) 2.常见结构：主语+系动词+连接词+陈述句语序 3.例句： ·The fact is that he has never been to Beijing.(that叼引导，不可省略：说明事实内容) ·The question is whether we should accept the offer.(whether表“是否”，作is的表语) 。This is how we solved the problem.(how在从句中作方式状语，意为“这就是我们解决问题的方 式”) ·It seems as if it is going to rain.(asif引导，意为“好像要下雨了”) 4.同位语从句（用于解释说明名词的具体内容，常跟在fact/news/idea/promise/ question等名词后) 1.连接词类型：hat(无意义，不可省略)、whether（是否)、疑问代词/副词（较少见） 2.与定语从句的区别：同位语从句是对名词的内容进行解释，hat无意义且不作成分：定语从句是对 名词进行修饰限定，that在从句中作主语或宾语。 3 高中外研版 【语法专版】 句法全解 3.例句： ●The news that our team won the game made us excited.(that引导同位语从句，解释news的内容， that不作成分) ●I have a question whether he will attend the meeting.(whether引导，说明question的具体内容) ·There is no doubt that she will succeed.(that引导同位语从句，解释doubt的内容，固定搭配“There is no doubt that.”) 知识点三：名词性从句 1.主语从句 1.基础用法拓展（高考核心）： 。That+陈述句→例句：That she passed the exam surprised everyone. 。Whether+一般疑问句→例句：Whether we will go picnic depends on the weather. 。疑问词+陈述句→例句：What he said made me angry. ·It+be+adj.+that从句（形式主语）一例句：It is clear that he is lying 。It+be+n.+that从句（形式主语）→例句：It is a fact that the earth goes around the sun. 2.宾语从句 1.基础用法拓展（高考必背）： ·陈述句作宾语(that可省)→例句：I think(that)she is right. ·一般疑问句作宾语(if/whether)→例句：He asked if I would come tomorrow. ·特殊疑问句作宾语（疑问词）→例句：Do you know where he lives? ·时态一致原则→例句：She said she had finished her homework. ·否定转移现象→例句：Idon't think he will agree. 3.表语从句 1.基础用法拓展（高考常考）： 。陈述句作表语(that不可省)→例句：The fact is that we lost the game.. ·疑问词引导表语从句→例句：The problem is how we can solve it. ·because引导表语从句→例句：That's because he didn't study hard ●as if/though引导表语从句→例句：She looks as if she were ill, ·whether引导表语从句→例句：The question is whether we should accept the offer. 4.同位语从句 4 高中外研版 【语法专版】 句法全解 1.基础用法拓展（高考易错）： ●抽象名词后同位语从句(that不可省)→例句：We heard the news that our team won. 。常见抽象名词：news,fact,idea,hope,belief一例句：The idea that we can fly to the moon is amazing. ·区别于定语从句（同位语从句表内容，定语从句表修饰）→例句：The fact(that)he toldme is true.. (定语从句)/The fact that he won the prize is true.(同位语从句) ◆whether引导同位语从句→例句：There is some doubt whether he will come. 。when/where引导同位语从句一例句：I have no idea when the meeting will start.. 考法精析 考法一：名词性从句连接词选择(that/what/whether区分) 核心：根据从句是否需要表达“是否”含义及是否缺少名词性成分，选择that/whether/what等连接 词 真题1（语法填空)： It is obvious_he has made great progress in his studies. 答案：that 解析：从句“he has made great progress”结构完整，不缺成分且无“是否”含义，应用that引导主 语从句，it为形式主语。 真题2（单项选择)： The teacher asked-we would have a picnic the next weekend. A that B if C what D how 答案：B 解析：从句表“是否”含义，且位于及物动词asked后，可用if或whether引导宾语从句；选项中 无whether,故选择if。 考法二：连接词选择与虚拟语气结合 核心：根据名词性从句类型及是否表建议/命令，选择连接词并判断是否使用虚拟语气 真题1（语法填空）： The teacher suggested that we_(start)the project early.It is important-we make a good plan first. 答案：start that 解析：第一空，suggest后的宾语从句表建议，用虚拟语气(should+-动词原形，should可省)，故填 start;第二空，主语从句'we make a good plan first''结构完整且无意义，用that连接(It is important that.中that不可省)。 真题2（单项选择)： There is no doubthe will accept the suggestion-the meeting-(put)off. A.that;which;be put B.whether;that;should put C.that;that;be put D.if,which;should be put 答案：C 5 高中外研版 【语法专版】 句法全解 解析：第一空，doubt后的同位语从句表肯定含义，用that连接：第二空，suggestion后的同位语从 句解释内容，用that连接；第三空，suggestion后的从句需用虚拟语气(should+动词原形，should 可省)，且meeting与put of为被动关系，故填be put。 考法三：名词性从句连接词选择与语序、虚拟语气综合应用 核心：结合连接词（疑问词+ver)的用法、名词性从句的陈述语序原则及虚拟语气的特殊要求，综 合判断句子结构及语法正确性。 真题1（单项选择)： -he will come tomorrow depends on the weather.We suggest that we-wait for him at the station. A.If,should B.Whether;/C.That;would D.What;will 答案：B 解析：第一空引导主语从句，表“是否”且位于句首，只能用whether(if不能引导主语从句且不用 于句首)；第二空suggest后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为“should+动词原形”，should可省略， 故选B。 真题2（语法填空）： It is necessary that we(learn)English well.The teacher told us(whatever)we do,we should keep trying. 答案：learn;whatever 解析：第一空为主语从句虚拟语气，It is necessary that..结构中从句用“should+动词原形”，should 可省：第二空引导宾语从句，表“无论什么”且在从句中作宾语，用whatever(no matter what不能 引导名词性从句)。 解题小妙招 名词性从句妙招 连接词选看三要素，成分是否要补充，是否表达“是否”意，功能判断主宾表同。 ht纯连接，成分不充当，无意不含“是否”义，主宾表同都能用。 whether表“是否”，成分不担当，主宾表同可适用，句首只能用whether。 what要充当，主宾表成分，既含词义又担当，各类从句皆可放。 虚拟语气看先行，建议命令词之后，should加动原，should可省记心头。 同位语从句ht引，解释说明先行词，成分不缺无意义，定语从句要区分。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.-the meeting will be held next Monday is still under discussion. A That B Whether C What D Where 6 高中外研版 【语法专版】 句法全解 2.She didn't tell me she would come to the party or not. A that B if C whether D what 3.The problem is_we can finish the task on time with such limited resources. A that B what c how d if 4.I have no idea the team will arrive.Maybe in two hours. A when B that C which D where 5.breaks the school rules should be punished. A Who B Whoever C Whom D Whomever 6.It is necessary that students-enough time for physical exercise every day. A have B had C will have D have had 7.The news-our football team won the championship spread quickly. A which B that C what D where 8.We are talking aboutwe should accept the invitation from the company. A if B that C whether D what 9.-he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. A That B What C Which D Where 10.There is some doubt_the new policy will work effectively. A that B if C whether D which 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.It is important-we should keep calm in face of difficulties. 2.She asked me _I had seen her lost notebook 3.The question is-we can get help from the local government. 4.-you choose to do,you must try your best. 5.The teacher made a suggestionwe should form a study group. 6.I wonderthe train will arrive on time. 7.broke the window must pay for it. 8.It depends on-we have enough money to buy the new equipment. 9.The fact_he lied to us made us very angry. 10.He can't decideto stay at home or go out for a walk. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 7 高中外研版 【语法专版】 句法全解 Have you ever wondered 1.-makes some people more successful than others?Some believe it is talent, while others think it is hard work.However,recent studies show 2.-success depends on a combination of both. It is clear 3.-setting goals is an important step.Without clear goals,people may not know 4. direction to take.For example,a student who wants to enter a top university must decide 5.-to focus on science or arts.This decision will influence 6.-courses they take and 7.-they spend their time. Another key factor is resilience.No one can avoid failure,but 8.one deals with failure matters.Psychol- ogists suggest 9.-we should learn from mistakes and keep trying.As the saying goes,"10.-doesn't kill you makes you stronger." 参考答案 演练-：1B2.C3.C4.A5.B6.A7B8.C9B10.C 1.that 2.if/whether 3.how/whether 4.Whatever 5.that 6.if/whether 7.Whoever 8.whether 9.that 10.whether 演练三：1.what2.that3.that4.which5.whether6.what7how8.how9.that10.What