句法 定语从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中句法外研版 【寒假专版】 定语从句全解 寒假专版 【专题】定语从句系统讲解 高中句法专项突破 考频分析 高中外研版句法中，定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影 响句子结构的丰富性与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词、关系副词的选择及从句时态的 一致性往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·关系词选用：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、why)的 指代对象与语法功能辨析 。限定性与非限定性：两种从句的结构区别（逗号使用）、语义差异及翻译要点 。特殊用法：介词+关系代词结构、as与which引导非限定性从句的区别、先行词为way/time等时 的关系词省略规则 知识点一：定语从句的构成及基础用法 1.定义及结构（修饰名词/代词，包含关系词+从句） ·基本结构：先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）+关系词（连接主句和从句）+从句（完整句子结构） ●例句：(I)The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(先行词the girl,关系词who在从句中 作主语)(2)This is the book which I bought yesterday.(先行词the book,关系词which在从句中 作宾语) 2.关系代词（指代人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语） 。指人：who(主/宾)、whom(宾)、whose(定)→例句：(I)He is the man who helped me.(who 作主语)(2)The student whom you taught last year is now a doctor..(whom作宾语)(3)This is the boy whose father is a teacher.(whose作定语修饰father) 。指物：which(主/宾)、that(主/宾，可指人/物)→例句：(I)The car which is parked outside is mine.(which作主语)(2)Idon't like the movie that we watched last night.(that作宾语，指物) 1 高中句法外研版 【寒假专版】 定语从句全解 3.关系副词（指代时间/地点/原因，在从句中作状语） ·when(时间状语)：I still remember the day when we first met.(先行词the day,.when在从句中作 时间状语) ·where(地点状语)：This is the school where I studied five years ago.(先行词the school,.where在 从句中作地点状语) ·why(原因状语)：The reason why he was late is not clear.（先行词he reason,why在从句中作原 因状语) 4.注意事项（关系词省略/只用that的情况) 。关系代词作宾语时可省略：This is the pen(which/that)I lost yesterday..(which/that作宾语，可省 略) ·只用that的情况：先行词为不定代词(al/nothing等)、被最高级/序数词修饰时一例句：(I)Al that glitters is not gold.（先行词all)(2)This is the first book that I read in English.(先行词被序数 词the first修饰) 知识点二：定语从句基础及应用 1.定义及构成（修饰名词/代词的从句) ·核心要素：先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）+关系词（连接主句和从句，代替先行词在从句中作 成分) ·分类：限定性定语从句（不可省略，无逗号分隔，对先行词起限定作用）：非限定性定语从句（可 省略，有逗号分隔，补充说明先行词) 2.关系代词（指人物，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语） ●that(指人/物，不可用于非限定性从句)：作主语：The girl that is standing there is my sister.;作 宾语：This is the book that I bought yesterday. 。which(指物，可用于非限定性从句)：作主语：The city which has a long history is very beautiful.; 作宾语：I lost the pen which my mother gave me. 。who/whom(指人，who作主语/宾语，whom仅作宾语)：作主语：The man who helped me is a doctor.:作宾语：The boy whom you met yesterday is my brother., ●whose(指人/物，作定语，表示“.的"”)：指人：This is the student whose parents are teachers..: 指物：I live in a house whose windows face south. 3.关系副词（在从句中作状语，表时间/地点/原因） 。when(表时间，先行词为时间名词)：结构：先行词+when+从句；例句：I still remember the day when we first met. ·where(表地点，先行词为地点名词)：结构：先行词+where+从句；例句：This is the school where I studied 10 years ago. 高中句法外研版 【寒假专版】 定语从句全解 ·why(表原因，先行词为reason):结构：先行词(reason)+why+从句：例句：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus. 4.限定性与非限定性从句对比 。限定性从句（无逗号）：例句：The students who wear red uniforms are from Class 1. 。非限定性从句（有逗号）：例句：My brother,who is a doctor,works in Beijing 5.关系代词的省略规则 ·关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略(that/which/who/whom):例句：The book(hat)I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 。作主语/定语/状语时不可省略：例句：The girl who is singing is my friend. 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（基础核心） 。that(指人/物，作主语/宾语)→例句：The book that I bought yesterday is interesting. ·which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the pen which my father gave me. ·who(指人，作主语)→例句：The girl who is standing there is my sister.. ◆whom(指人，作宾语)→例句：The boy whom you met yesterday is Tom 。whose(指人/物，作定语)→例句：This is the student whose mother is a doctor. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（中考常考） 。when（指时间，作状语)→例句：I still remember the day when we first met,. ·where(指地点，作状语)→例句：This is the school where I studied three years ago. 。why(指原因，作状语，先行词常为reason)→例句：Tell me the reason why you were late. 3.定语从句的特殊用法（中考易错） ·关系代词作宾语可省略→例句：The movie(hat/which)we watched last night was exciting 。先行词被the only/the first等修饰时用that一→例句：He is the only student that can speak French in our class. 。非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开，不能用that)→例句：My brother,.who is a teacher,works in Beijing. 考法精析 考法一：关系代词与关系副词的选择 3 高中句法外研版 【寒假专版】 定语从句全解 核心：根据先行词类型及从句中所缺成分（主语/宾语/定语/状语)，选择正确的关系词 真题1（语法填空）： This is the museum-we visited last weekend. 答案：which/that 解析：先行词为“the museum”(指物)，从句中“visited”后缺宾语，故用关系代词which/.that,且可省略。 真题2（单项选择）： I still remember the day we first met in the park. A.who B.which C.when D.where 答案：C 解析：先行词为“he day”(指时间)，从句中不缺主语或宾语，缺时间状语，故用关系副词when。 考法二：限定性与非限定性定语从句的辨析及关系词选择 核心：根据从句与先行词的逻辑关系（限定/补充说明），判断是否使用逗号，并结合先行词类型及 在从句中的成分选择正确关系词 真题1（语法填空)： I have a sister_works in Shanghai.She often sends me gifts from there. 答案：who/that 解析：从句无逗号，为限定性定语从句，先行词sister指人且在从句中作主语，可用who或that引导。 真题2（短文改错）： My brother,who is a doctor,he works in Beijing. 答案：删除he 解析：非限定性定语从句中，关系词who已指代先行词my brother并作从句主语，he多余应删除。 真题3（单项选择）： She passed the exam,-surprised everyone in our class. A.as B.which C.that D.who 答案：B 解析：逗号后为非限定性定语从句，指代主句”她通过考试”这件事，且位于句末，只能用whch引 导：as虽可指代主句内容，但此处无”正如”含义且不可替换which。 考法三：定语从句综合应用（含限定性与非限定性辨析及关系词选择） 核心：区分限定性与非限定性定语从句的语法功能，根据先行词类型及从句成分选择关系代词/副词 真题1（单项选择）： 4 高中句法外研版 【寒假专版】 定语从句全解 My brother is a doctor works in Beijing. A.who B.whom C.which D./ 答案：A 解析：先行词brother”指人，从句缺少主语，需用关系代词who;本句为限定性定语从句（无逗 号)，不可省略关系词，whom仅作宾语，which指物，故选A。 真题2（语法填空)： This is the schoolI studied five years ago.It has changed a lot. 答案：where 解析：先行词'school?为地点名词，从句中”studied后缺少地点状语，需用关系副词were,相当 于”in which'”。 解题小妙招 定语从句解题妙招 关系词选看成分，主宾用代副状分： 先行指物用which,指人who或that跟： 时间when地点where,原因why作状语真； 限定无逗that可用，非限有逗which引： 代指整事用which,as表正如要区分： 介词加代看搭配，whose表所属牢记心： 分隔从句找先行，成分分析是根本。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.This is the factoryproduces electric cars. A.where B.which C.what D.when 2.I still remember the days_we spent together in the countryside. A.when B.where C.that D.on which 3.The girl mother is a doctor studies very hard. A.who B.whom C.which D.whose 4.Is this the reasonhe refused to attend the meeting? A.why B.that C.which D.for which 5.All you need to do is finish the work on time A.which B.what C.that D.who 高中句法外研版 【寒假专版】 定语从句全解 6.She passed the exam,-made her parents very proud. A.as B.which C.that D.this 7.This is the same book I lost last month. A.which B.as C.that D.what 8.Do you know the studentthe teacher is talking to? A.whom B.whose C.which D.where 9.We visited the city_many historical buildings are located. A.when B.where C.that D.which 10.The news-our team won the game is true. A.that B.which C.what D.where 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.This is the park_we had a picnic last Sunday 2.The girl_is wearing a blue coat is my cousin. 3.I don't like the song-they are singing now. 4.The reason she was absent is still unknown. 5.This is the best film-I have ever seen. 6.He gave me a pen_I can write smoothly. 7.We will never forget the daywe met for the first time. 8.The book_cover is red belongs to Mary 9.Is there anything-I can do for you? 10.The househe lives was built 50 years ago 演练三：语法填空试题 I live in a small town _(1)has a long history.There is a library in the center of the town _(2)I often go to read books.The library,_(3)was built in 1980,has thousands of books.Last week,I met a girl_(4) father is a writer there.She recommended a novel-(5)tells the story of a brave soldier.I finished reading it in three days,-(6)surprised me because I usually read very slowly.The main character,-(7)name is Tom,fought for his country during the war.The reason(8)he joined the army was to protect his family. This is the first book_(9)made me cry.I will never forget the lesson_(10)it teaches us:courage and love are the most important things in life. 6 高中句法外研版 【寒假专版】 定语从句全解 答案区 演练-：1-5 BCDAC6-10 BBABA 演练二：1.where2.who/that3.(which/that)4.why5.that6.with which7.when8.whose9.that 10.where 演练三：1.which/that2.where3.which4.whose5.which/that6.which7.whose8.why9.that10 that/which 7