基础动词用法 非谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版高中语法全解 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 语法精解 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 高中外研版·基础动词用法 考频分析 高中外研版中，非谓语动词是基础动词用法中的重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-4题)、书面表达（核 心考察，直接影响句子结构与表达丰富性)。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑 主语及功能辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·形式与句法功能：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing过去分词done)在句中 作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法辨析： 。固定搭配与逻辑关系：接不定式、动名词的动词及形容词固定搭配，分词作状语时与逻辑主语的主 动/被动关系判断： 。特殊结构与语境应用：独立主格结构、wth复合结构中非谓语动词的选用，结合时态、语态的综合 语境应用（如完成式having done/having been done)。 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 1.动词不定式(to+动词原形，有时省略to) 1.功能：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等 2.例句： ●To learn English well is important.(作主语) ●He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语) 。Her job is to teach kids.(作表语) ●I have a book to read.(作定语) ·She came here to see me..(作目的状语) 2.动名词（动词+ing,具有名词性质） 高中外研版高中语法全解 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 1.功能：主要作主语、宾语、表语 2.例句： 。Swimming is good for health.(作主语) ·He enjoys playing football.(作宾语) ·Her hobby is singing..(作表语) 3.分词 1.现在分词（动词+ig,表主动或进行) ·功能：可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 ●例句： 1.The running water is clean..(作定语，表主动) 2.They stood there talking.（作状语，表伴随) 3.The film is interesting.(作表语，表特征) 4.I saw him playing basketball.(作宾语补足语，表正在进行) 2.过去分词（动词+d,表被动或完成） ·功能：可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 ·例句： l.The broken window needs repairing.(作定语，表完成) 2.Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful..(作状语，表被动) 3.She felt excited.(作表语，表状态) 4.I had my hair cut yesterday..(作宾语补足语，表被动) 知识点二：非谓语动词分类及用法 1.动词不定式(to+动词原形) 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.基本结构：to+动词原形（否定形式：not to+动词原形） 3.用法示例： ·作主语：To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。) ·作宾语：He wants to buy a new bike..（他想买一辆新自行车。) 。作状语：She came here to see her mother..(她来这里是为了看她妈妈。) 2.动名词（动词ing形式） 2 高中外研版高中语法全解 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 1.功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 2.基本结构：动词-ing形式（否定形式：not+动词-ing形式） 3.用法示例： 。作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有好处。) 。作宾语：I enjoy listening to music.(我喜欢听音乐。) ●作定语：There is a swimming pool in our school..(我们学校有一个游泳池。) 3.现在分词（动词-ing形式） 1.功能：作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语 2.基本特征：表示主动或正在进行的动作 3.用法示例： 。作定语：The running boy is my brother.(正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟。) 。作状语：HIe sat there,.reading a book.(他坐在那里，读着一本书。) 。作宾语补足语：I saw her dancing in the park.(我看见她在公园里跳舞。) 4.过去分词（动词-ed形式） 1.功能：作定语、表语、状语、宾语补足语 2.基本特征：表示被动或已完成的动作 3.用法示例： ·作定语：The broken window was repaired yesterday..(被打碎的窗户昨天修好了。) 。作表语：The glass is broken.（杯子碎了。) 。作状语：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山上看，这座城市很美。) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo（不定式) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：She refuses to lend him the money. 2.promise to do(承诺做)一例句：He promises to come to the party on time.. 3.offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：They offer to help the old man carry the bags.. 4.forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to lock the door when you leave. 5.remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home. 3 高中外研版高中语法全解 基础动词用法 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 6.agree to do(同意做)→例句：My parents agree to take me to the zoo. 7.choose to do(选择做)→例句：She chooses to study art in college. 8.fail to do(未能做)→例句：He fails to finish the work on time. 9.prepare to do(准备做)→例句：We are preparing to have a picnic. l0.afford to do(负担得起做)→例句：They can't afford to buy a new house. 特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： l.ask to do(请求做)→例句：He asks to join our club. 2.want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：I want my brother to help me. 3.would like to do(想要做)→例句：She would like to go shopping with us. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 1.dislike doing(不喜欢做)→例句：I dislike eating spicy food. 2.miss doing(错过做)→例句：He misses watching the football match. 3.consider doing(考虑做)→例句：They are considering moving to a new city. 4.suggest doing(建议做)→例句：The doctor suggests drinking more water. 5.delay doing(推迟做)→例句：They delay holding the meeting, 6.imagine doing(想象做)→例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? 7.risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks climbing the high mountain 8.escape doing(逃避做)→例句：She escapes doing the housework. 9.admit doing(承认做)→例句：He admits breaking the window. l0.deny doing(否认做)→例句：She denies stealing the money. 固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 1.be busy doing(忙于做)一→例句：They are busy preparing for the exam, 2.think about doing(考虑做)→例句：I am thinking about changing my job. 3.dream of doing(梦想做)→例句：She dreams of becoming a singer. 3.done(过去分词) 4 高中外研版高中语法全解 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 作定语（中考核心)： l.boiled water(煮沸的水)→例句：I need a cup of boiled water.. 2.broken window(破碎的窗户)→例句：The broken window needs to be repaired.. 3.fallen leaves(落叶)→例句：The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 4.spoken English(英语口语)→例句：She is good at spoken English. 5.written homework(书面作业)→例句：We have to finish the written homework. 作表语（中考易错)： l.be interested(感兴趣的)→例句：I am interested in this book. 2.be surprised（感到惊讶的)→例句：She is surprised at the news. 3.be excited(感到兴奋的)→例句：They are excited about the trip. 4.be bored(感到无聊的)→例句：He is bored with the movie 5.be pleased(感到高兴的)→例句：My parents are pleased with my progress 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作定语辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作发生时间（进行/完成/未发生）， 选择正确的非谓语形式 真题1（语法填空)： The girl(read)a storybook in the library is my best friend. 答案：reading 解析：girl与read是主动关系，且动作正在进行，用现在分词reading作定语。 真题2（完形填空）： We have a lot of problems_(solve)before the end of the month. A solve B solving C solved D to solve 答案：D 解析：problems与solve是被动关系，但此处表示”尚未解决的问题'，用不定式to solve作后置定 语表将来动作。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语与时态语态结合 核心：根据上下文逻辑判断非谓语动词作状语时的时态（动作先后顺序）和语态（主动/被动关系） 真题1（语法填空）： _(finish)the work ahead of time,they went to the party happily. 高中外研版高中语法全解 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 答案：Having finished 解析：”完成工作发生在”去派对”之前，且they与finish是主动关系，用现在分词完成式Having finished表主动完成。 真题2（完形填空）： _by the beautiful scenery,the tourists decided to stay for another day. A Attracting B Attracted C To attract D Having attracted 答案：B 解析：tourists与attract是被动关系（被景色吸引），用过去分词作原因状语表被动完成，故选B。 考法三：非谓语动词作定语的用法辨析 核心：根据动作与被修饰名词的关系（主动/被动、进行完成、未发生）选择正确的非谓语形式(to do/doing/done) 真题1（单项选择)： I have a lot of homework-tonight. A.finish B.finishing C.finished D.to finish 答案：D 解析：homework与finish之间是逻辑被动关系，但此处需用不定式作定语表示”尚未发生的动作”， 即”要完成的作业”，符合todo作定语表将来的用法。 真题2（语法填空）： The girl_(read)a storybook in the classroom is my best friend. 答案：reading 解析：girl与read之间是主动关系，且”正在读书'表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词reading作定 语，相当于who is reading。 解题小妙招 非谓作定看关系，主动被动先分清： 动作进行用现分，被动完成用过分： 将来未发不定式，todo主动to be done被动。 非谓作状辨功能，目的要用todo来标明： 原因结果看先后，先于谓动用完成，主动having done被动having been done: 同时进行或常态，现分主动过分被动行。 时态语态综合判，逻辑语法要并行： 时间标志定先后，语境语义辅助明： 主动关系主谓搭，被动done前助动加： 定语状语功能清，非谓应用准又精。 6 高中外研版高中语法全解 基础动词用法非谓语动词分类系统讲解 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.English well requires consistent practice every day A To learn B Learning CLearned D Learn 2.The teacher asked us to keep quiet during the lecture,but some students still couldn't help_ A talk B to talk C talking D talked 3.-by the heavy rain,we had to postpone the outdoor activity. A Being caught B Caught C Catching D To catch 4.I regretyou that the job interview has been canceled. A inform B informing C to inform D informed 5.The novel by the famous writer last year has been translated into 10 languages. A writing B written C to write D to be written 6.-the project on time,the team worked day and night for a whole month A Completing B Complete C To complete D Having completed 7.She seems_in the park when I called her yesterday afternoon. A to jog B jogging C to be jogging D to have jogged 8.The children were excitedthe opportunity to visit the science museum A to give B giving C to be given D being given 9.the homework,he went out to play basketball with his friends. A Finishing B Having finished C To finish D Finished 10.I remember-to the Great Wall when I was seven years old. A taking B to take C being taken D to be taken 演练二：填空试题 1.The best way_(improve)your pronunciation is to practice every morning. 2.The girl(sit)by the window is reading a book about space exploration. 3.He apologized for(arrive)late to the meeting this morning 4.The old house(build)in 1920 was destroyed in the storm last night 5.I hope(visit)the art exhibition with you next weekend. 6.(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation letter. 7.The problem(discuss)at the meeting tomorrow is related to environmental protection. 8.She was happy_(choose)as the representative of her class 9.(learn)English for ten years,he can communicate fluently with foreigners. 7 高中外研版高中语法全解 基础动词用法 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 10.The teacher reminded us(not forget)to bring our textbooks to class. 演练三：语法填空试题 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 Nowadays,more and more people enjoy 1.-(travel)during their holidays.Traveling not only helps us relax but also allowsus to experience different cultures.Last summer,I decided 2.-(visit)a small village in Yunnan.The village,3.-(surround)by green mountains and clear rivers,looked like a beautiful picture. On the first day,I met an old man 4.(sell)local handicrafts by the road.He told me that the village had changed a lot since the government started 5.-(develop)tourism.Many young people who used 6. _(work)in cities have returned to start businesses here. One evening,I joined the villagers in 7.(celebrate)a traditional festival.The performance 8.(hold) in the square was so exciting that everyone clapped and cheered.I was deeply moved by their warm hospitality and decided 9.(write)an article about the village to let more people know about it. Traveling teaches us 10.-(appreciate)the beauty ofnature and the kindness of people.It is truly a valuable experience that I will never forget. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3B4.C5.B6.C7.C8.C9B10.C 1.to improve 2.sitting 3.arriving 4.built 5.to visit 6.Not knowing 7.to be discussed8.to be chosen 9.Having learned 10.not to forget 1.traveling 2.to visit 3.surrounded 4.selling 5.developing 6.to work 7.celebrating 8.held 9.to write 10.to appreciate 8