基础动词用法 动词时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（外研版）

高中外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 动词时态系统讲解 语法专项突破 考频分析 高中外研版中，基础动词用法是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的20%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子完 整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基础时态结构：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、 过去完成时、过去将来时的构成及标志性时间状语 ·时态语境辨析：不同时态在时间先后、动作持续性、影响关联性等语境中的区别（如现在完成时与 一般过去时、一般过去时与过去完成时的对比) ·时态综合运用：在复合句（状语从句、宾语从句）中主从句时态呼应，以及结合语态、情态动词的 综合时态表达 知识点一：动词时态的基本概念及分类 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） 。构成：主语+动词原形（第三人称单数作主语时动词加-s/-s) 。标志词：always,usually,often,sometimes,every day,never ·例句： 1.She usually walks to school..(经常性动作) 2.The earth goes around the sun.(客观真理) 2.一般过去时（表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态） ·构成：主语+动词过去式 。标志词：yesterday,last week,in2020,just now,ago 。例句： 高中外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.He visited the Great Wall last summer.(过去发生的动作) 2.They were in Beijing yesterday..(过去存在的状态) 3.一般将来时（表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态） ·构成：will+动词原形/be going to+动词原形 。标志词：tomorrow,next year,.soon,in the future 。例句： 1.I will go to college next September.(will) 2.She is going to have a party this weekend.(be going to) 4.现在进行时（表示现在正在进行的动作） 。构成：am/is/are+动词-ing形式 。标志词：now,at the moment,Look!,Listen! ●例句： 1.They are playing basketball on the playground now.(正在进行的动作) 2.Listen!Someone is singing in the next room.(提示正在进行) 5.过去进行时（表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作） 。构成：was/were+-动词-ing形式 ·标志词：at8o'clock last night,,this time yesterday 。例句： 1.He was reading a book at9p.n.last night.(过去特定时刻正在进行) 2.They were watching TV this time yesterday..(过去同一时间正在进行) 6.现在完成时（表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作或对现在造成的影响） 。构成：have/has+动词过去分词 ·标志词：already,.yet,ever,never,.just,since,.for+时间段 ·例句： l.I have finished my homework already.（对现在的影响) 2.We have lived here for ten years..(持续到现在的动作) 知识点二：时态特殊用法与易混点辨析 1.一般现在时表将来（按计划时刻表发生的动作） 。适用场景：火车、飞机等时刻表：课程、会议等固定安排 ·结构：主语+动词原形（非三单）/动词三单（三单主语） 高中外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。例句： l.The train leaves at8:00a.m.tomorrow.(火车时刻表，用leaves) 2.The class begins at9:00 every morning.(课程固定安排，用begins) 2.现在进行时表将来（计划/安排好的近期动作） ·时间标志词：come(来)、go（去)、leave(离开)、aive(到达)等位移动词常与tomorrow、 next week等连用 ●结构：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词 ·例句： 1.My parents are coming to visit me next month.(计划好的动作，用are coming） 2.We are leaving for Beijing this Friday..(安排好的行程，用are leaving) 3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ·现在完成时：强调过去动作对现在的影响/持续到现在（常与for/since/already/yet连用） ·例句：She has lived in London for 10 years.(,住”持续到现在) 。一般过去时：仅表示过去发生的动作，与现在无关（常与具体过去时间词连用） ·例句：She lived in London in2010.(仅说明2010年的情况，现在可能不住了) 4.过去完成时与一般过去时的区分 。过去完成时：表示”过去的过去”，必须有另一个过去动作作参照 ·例句：When I got to the station,the train had left.('离开'在”到达”之前，用had left) ·一般过去时：表示过去某个时间发生的动作，无先后对比 ●例句：I got to the station and waited for the train.(”到达”和'等待'均为过去发生的动作，用一 般过去时) 5.主动表被动的特殊情况 ·不及物动词（如happen、occur、take place)无被动语态 ·例句：The accident happened last night..(不用was happened) 。感官动词(smell、taste、.feel)主动形式表被动意义 ·例句：The flowers smell sweet.(”闻起来香”，用主动表被动) ·表示”需要”的need、require、want后接doing表被动 ●例句：The room needs cleaning..(=needs to be cleaned) 6.被动语态的否定与疑问形式 ·否定结构：be动词/助动词后加not ●例句：English is not taught in this school.(一般现在时被动否定) ●例句：The work will not be finished tomorrow.(一般将来时被动否定) 3 高中外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。疑问结构：be动词/助动词提前 。例句：Is the letter written by you?(一般现在时被动疑问) ·例句：Has the homework been done yet?(现在完成时被动疑问) 知识点三：动词时态系统 1.一般现在时 ·基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 1.表示经常性、习惯性动作一→例句：She gets up at6:30 every morning,. 2.表示客观事实或真理→例句：The earth goes around the sun. 3.主语为第三人称单数时动词变化→例句：He plays basketball every weekend. 4.用于时间/条件状语从句表将来→例句：I will call you when she arrives. 5.表示现阶段状态→例句：My brother lives in Beijing now. ·常见时间标志词： 1.always(总是)→例句：They always help each other.. 2.usually(通常)→例句：I usually go to school by bike 3.often(经常)→例句：She often reads books in the library. 4.sometimes(有时)一例句：Sometimes we play football after class. 5.never(从不)→例句：He never eats junk food. 2.一般过去时 ·基础用法拓展（中考必背)： l.表示过去发生的动作或状态→例句：We visited the Great Wall last summer. 2.表示过去经常性动作→例句：He often walked to school when he was young. 3.用于since引导的时间状语从句一→例句：I have lived here since I came to this city.. 4.过去时间点的瞬间动作→例句：The rain stopped an hour ago. 5.与ago搭配使用→例句：She left Beijing three days ago. 。常见时间标志词： l.yesterday(昨天)→例句：They went shopping yesterday.. 2.last week(上周)→例句：I saw a movie last week. 3.in2020(在2020年)→例句：He graduated from high school in2020 4.just now(刚才)→例句：Tom called you just now. 5.once upon a time(从前)→例句：Once upon a time,.there was a beautiful princess. 3.一般将来时 。基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 4 高中外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.will+动词原形（表客观将来）→例句：I will travel to Paris next month, 2.be going to+动词原形（表计划/打算）→例句：She is going to study medicine in college. 3.be about to+动词原形（表即将发生）一→例句：The train is about to leave. 4.主将从现（主句将来时，从句现在时）→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 5.there be句型的将来时→例句：There will be a football match next Sunday. 。常见时间标志词： 1.tomorrow(明天)→例句：We will have a test tomorrow. 2.next year(明年)→例句：They are going to move to Shanghai next year.. 3.in the future(将来)→例句：People will live on the moon in the future. 4.soon(不久)→例句：He will come back soon. 5.this evening(今晚)一→例句：I am going to cook dinner this evening. 考法精析 考法一：情态动词表推测 核心：根据语境判断推测的语气强弱（肯定/否定），选择正确的情态动词 真题1（语法填空)： The lights are off.They_be at home now. 答案：can't 解析：由”灯关着”可知此处表否定推测不可能在家”，用can't表”不可能”，语气最强。 真题2（完形填空)： —Is this Lucy'sbag? -It be hers.I saw her carrying it this morning. A must B may C might D can't 答案：A 解析：由”今早看到她拿着”的明确证据可知，此处表肯定推测”一定是她的”，用ust表语气最强 的肯定推测。 考法二：时态与情态动词结合 核心：根据语境中情态动词表达的语气（推测、义务、可能性等），结合动作发生的时间特征，确 定正确时态形式 真题1（语法填空)： The door is locked.They(must/go)out for shopping because the fridge is empty. 答案：must have gone 解析：由”door is locked',和'fridge is empty”可知是对过去动作的肯定推测，用'must have+过去分 高中外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 词”结构，表”过去一定做了某事 真题2（单项选择)： Youhere earlier.The meetingfor 10 minutes when you arrived. A.should come;has started B.should have come:had started C.must come:started D.need have come;was starting 答案：B 解析：第一空”本该早到却未到”用should have done表过去未实现义务；第二空”arrived'是过去时 ”会议开始”发生在过去之前，用过去完成时had started 考法三：情态动词与动词时态的综合应用 核心：结合语境判断情态动词表推测/义务的用法，同时准确匹配时态（如现在完成时、一般过去 时)及被动语态 真题1（单项选择）： -Why didn't you attend the meeting yesterday? -I have gone,but I_an unexpected visitor when I was about to leave A.should;met B.must;was meeting C.could;have met D.need;had met 答案：A 解析：第一空表'本该做却未做”，用should have gone;第二空由'yesterday”和'when I was about to leave”可知，”遇见访客”是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时met。 真题2（语法填空）： The library rules say that books_(must return)within two weeks.If you_(keep)them longer,you -(have)to pay a fine. 答案：must be returned;keep,will have 解析：第一空books”是”return”的承受者，用情态动词被动语态must be returned:第二空”if'引导 条件状语从句，表客观情况用一般现在时keep:第三空主句表将来结果，用will have to。 解题小妙招 情态动词推测妙招 推测语气看强弱，肯定must否cant: 可能may/might语气弱，语境提示是关键： 现在推测用原形，过去推测have done: should have本应做，过去未做要记牢； 6 高中外研版 【寒假专版】A版知识点全解 结合时态辨时间，过去完成看过去。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.ITV when the storm suddenly started last night A watch B watched C was watching D am watching 2.She in this city for 15 years,so she knows every corner of it A lives B lived C has lived D is living 3.-Where is Tom? -He to the library.He there twice this week A has gone;has been B went;goes C has been;went D goes;has been 4.You_smoke here.It's a non-smoking area A needn't B mustn't C couldn't D wouldn't 5.They_the project by next Friday according to the schedule A finish B will finish C have finished D had finished 6.I have called you last night,but my phone ran out of battery A must B should C need D might 7.When I arrived at the station,the trainalready A has;left B had;left C will;leave D is;leaving 8.This time yesterday,we_an English lesson in the classroom A have B had C are having D were having 9.-Is that Mr.Brown's car? -It be his.He sold his car last month A must B may C can't D should 10.The students to wear uniforms on school days A require B required C are requiring D are required 演练二：填空试题 1.We-(visit)the Great Wall three times since 2018 2.Listen!Someone_(sing)in the next room 3.If it rains tomorrow,we-(cancel)the picnic 4.He(read)a novel when I called him last night 5.You_(not park)your car here.There's a"No Parking"sign 高中外研版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 6.My parents(live)in this house for 20 years and they don't want to move 7.The meeting-(start)at 9 am yesterday,but the manager was late 8.She(must /finish)her homework already because she's watching TV now 9.By the time we arrived,the party(be)on for half an hour 10.They(go)to the cinema last night,so they didn't answer your call 演练三：语法填空试题 Last summer,I decided to learn how to swim.On the first day,the coach(teach)us basic breathing skills.While I(practice)floating,I suddenly(sink)to the bottom of the pool.Luckily,the coach (quickly pull)me up."Don't worry,"he said,"everyone(make)mistakes when learning." After two weeks oftraining,I(can/swim)50 meters without stopping.My parents_(be)so proud when they saw me swim across the pool.Now,I_(swim)every weekend andI_(improve)a lot.I_(never/ imagine)that swimming could be so enjoyable! 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3.A4.B5B6B7.B8D9.C10D 1.have visited 2.is singing 3.will cancel/are going to cancel 4.was reading 5.mustn't park 6.have lived 7.started 8.must have finished 9.had been 10.went 1.taught 2.was practicing 3.sank 4.quickly pulled 5.makes 6.could swim 7.were 8.swim 9have improved 10.had never imagined P