核心时态与语态 完成时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版 【核心语法】 核心时态与语态 语法专版 【专题】完成时态系统讲解 核心时态与语态 考频分析 冀教版高中英语中，完成时态系统是核心时态与语态模块的重点语法点，考频占时态与语态总量的 30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表 达核心考察，直接影响句子时态准确性与上下文逻辑连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，完成时态的时 间标志词辨析、时态间的对比运用及语态结合往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。现在完成时："have/has+过去分词”的基本结构，与'for/since”引导的时间状语连用，以及表示”过 去动作对现在造成影响”的语境辨析 。过去完成时：had+过去分词”的构成，在复合句中体现”过去的过去”时间关系，与一般过去时的 区分 ·现在完成进行时：have/has been+现在分词”的用法，强调动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续，与 现在完成时的语义差异 知识点一：完成时态的构成及用法 1.现在完成时（表示过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态) 1.构成：have/has+动词过去分词（主语为第三人称单数用has,其余用have) 2.例句： ·I have finished my homework.（过去完成的动作对现在的影响：现在没有作y业了) ·She has lived here for five years..(动作从过去持续到现在，已有五年) 2.过去完成时（表示过去某一时间前已完成的动作，强调“过去的过去”） 1.构成：had+动词过去分词（无人称和数的变化) 2.例句： 1 高中冀教版 【核心语法】 核心时态与语态 。When I arrived at the station,.he train had left.(“到达车站”是过去的动作，“火车离开”发生在 “到达”之前) 。He told me he had read the book before.(“告诉”是过去的动作，“读书”发生在“告诉”之前) 3.现在完成进行时（强调动作从过去开始持续到现在并可能继续下去） 1.构成：have/has+been+动词现在分词 2.例句： 。It has been raining for three hours.(雨从过去开始下，持续到现在，已经三小时) 。She has been learning English since she was a child..(从过去小时候开始学英语，一直持续到现在) 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词 already（已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段、since+时间点、so far(到目前 为止) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词 例句： I have finished my homework already He has lived here for 5 years. 3.被动语态 结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 例句： My homework has been finished by me already. This house has been lived in by him for 5 years. 2.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”) 1.时间标志词 by+过去时间点、before+过去时句子、when+一般过去时句子 2.主动语态 结构：主语+had+动词过去分词 例句： He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday. 2 高中冀教版 【核心语法】 核心时态与语态 They had left before I arrived. 3.被动语态 结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词 例句： His work had been finished by him by 5 p.m.yesterday. The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived. 知识点三：现在完成时 1.基本结构 l.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词→I have finished my homework, 2.否定句：主语+haven't/hasn't+过去分词→She hasn't seen this movie yet. 3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词→Has he arrived in Beijing? 2.时间标志词（中考必背) 1.already-We have already eaten dinner 2.yet-Have you finished your work yet? 3.just-He has just left the office. 4.ever-Have you ever been to Shanghai? 5.never-I have never heard of this story. 6.for+时间段→They have lived here for5 years. 7.since+时间点→She has taught English since20l0. 3.核心用法（中考高频) 1.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作/状态一→I have studied English for6 years.. 2.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响→He has lost his key. 3.与”最近一段时间'相关的动作→We have planted many trees recently. 4.易错点对比（中考陷阱） 1.现在完成时vs一般过去时 →现在完成时：I have cleaned the room.（房间现在是干净的) →一般过去时：I cleaned the room yesterday.（只说明昨天做过) 3 高中冀教版 【核心语法】 核心时态与语态 2.”for/since”不可与瞬间动词连用 →错误：He has left for2 hours. →正确：He has been away for2 hours.. 考法精析 考法一：被动语态转换 核心：根据主动语态句子，结合时态和主语单复数，转换为正确的被动语态结构 真题1（语法填空）： The workers_(build)a new bridge over the river last year.Now it-(use)by thousands of people every day. 答案：built;is used 解析：第一空由“last year”可知用一般过去时主动语态：第二空由“every day”可知用一般现在时 被动语态。 真题2（单项选择）： Our teacher told us that the homeworkbefore the weekend. A.must finish B.must be finished C.will finish D.will be finished 答案：B 解析：“homework”与“finish”是被动关系；由“told”可知主句为过去时，被动语态用“must be +过去分词”。 考法二：完成时态与情态动词结合 核心：根据语境判断是否使用“情态动词+have done”结构，区分对过去的推测或虚拟含义 真题1（语法填空)： The door is locked.They_(must/leave)already. 答案：must have left 解析：由“门是锁着的”这一现在状态推测过去发生的动作，用“must have done”结构。 真题2（单项选择）： You(should/tell)her the news yesterday,but you didn't. A.should tell B.should have told C.should be told D.should have been told 答案：B 解析：表示“本应该做却未做”，用“should have done”结构。 考法三：情态动词+完成时被动语态的综合运用 4 高中冀教版 【核心语法】 核心时态与语态 核心：结合情态动词表推测/必要性的含义，运用完成时被动语态结构判断动作的被动关系及时态 逻辑 真题1（单项选择)： The classroom looks clean.It_by students just now. A.must clean B.must be cleaned C.must have cleaned D.must have been cleaned 答案：D 解析：需对过去动作进行肯定推测；主语“教室”是动作承受者，用“must have been+过去分词”。 真题2（语法填空)： These old photos_(should keep)in a safe place.They have been kept for over 50 years 答案：should have been kept 解析：表“本应该被妥善保存”，用“should have been+过去分词”。 解题小妙招 情态动词表推测，时态要往过去推： 对过去推测用have done”,must/can/might看语境： 虚拟语气表”本该”，should have done记心怀： 被动加上be done”,综合运用莫慌乱： 情态被动be done'”前，推测虚拟have been'”添； should have been done结构，”本应被做'是关键。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.She in this city for ten years,and she still loves living here. A.lives B.lived C.has lived D.will live 2.By the time we arrived at the cinema,the moviefor ten minutes. A.had begun B.has begun C.began D.was beginning 3.A new hospitalin our town next year. A.builds B.will build C.will be built D.is built 4.Look!The children-happily in the park. A.play B.played C.are playing D.have played 5.Youmore attention to your pronunciation when you were young. A.should pay B.should have paid C.must pay D.must have paid 6.The book by many students before the teacher recommended it. A.has read B.had been read C.was read D.is read 高中冀教版 【核心语法】 核心时态与语态 7.-Where is Tom? -Hebe in the library.I saw him there just now. A.can B.must C.might D.should 8.The workby the end of this week,or we will miss the deadline. A.must finish B.must be finished C.should finish D.should be finished 9.Theythe game if they had practiced harder. A.win B.would win C.would have won D.have won 10.This song_all over the country since it was released last month. A.is sung B.was sung C.has been sung D.will be sung 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The students(study)English for five years before they went to high school. 2.A new bridge(build)over the river now. 3.You (not,tell)him the secret yesterday.He can't keep it. 4.The meeting _(hold)in the conference room every Friday afternoon. 5.By the time I got home,my mother(cook)dinner already 6.The problem(solve)by the teacher before the class ended 7.She(must,leave)the office because her bag is not here. 8.The old house_(destroy)in the storm last night. 9.We(visit)the Great Wall many times since we moved to Beijing. 10.The children(play)in the garden when it started to rain. 演练三：语法填空试题 I have a good friend named Li Ming.He_(be)interested in English since he was a child.At first,he (can,not,speak)English well,but he kept practicing every day.Last year,he(win)the first prize in the school English speech contest.His parents were very proud of him. Now,he is preparing for the college entrance examination.He told me that he_(study)English for more than ten years by the end of this year.Every morning,he gets up early andreads English aloud.His English teacher said that his pronunciation_(improve)a lot in the past few months. Yesterday,I went to his house and found him busy with his English homework.He said the homework _(must,finish)by 5 o'clock that afternoon.When I asked him if he was tired,he smiled and said,"I love English,so I never feel tired." I think Li Ming is a good example for all of us.His success(achieve)through hard work.If we-(study) ashard ashe does,we-(can,also,make)great progress.Ihope that one day,I(speak)English as fluently as he does. 6 高中冀教版 【核心语法】 核心时态与语态 答案区 演练-：1.C2.A3.C4.C5B6B7.B8B9.C10.C 演练二：l.had studied2.is being built3.shouldn't have told4.is held5.had cooked 6.had been solved 7.must have left 8.was destroyed 9.have visited 10.were playing 演练三：1.has been2.couldn't speak3.won4.would have studied5.had improved 6.must be finished 7.has been achieved 8.study 9.can also make 10.will speak 7