非谓语动词 不定式 to do 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【专题】 非谓语动词A版知识点全解 语法精讲 【专题】不定式todo系统讲解 非谓语动词专项突破 考频分析 冀教版高中英语中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核 心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子 多样性与表达丰富度。在语境理解类题目中，不定式to0的句法功能及与其他非谓语形式的辨析 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ●基本结构与句法功能：不定式的肯定式(todo)否定式(not to do、被动式(to be done)、完成式 (to have done):作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法 。固定搭配与句型：接不定式作宾语的动词(want,decide,.hope等)、接不定式作宾补的动词(ask,tel, allow等)、“疑问词+不定式”结构、It作形式主语/宾语的句型(Itis+adj.+to do sth.) ·语境中的实际应用：不定式表目的、结果(only to do)、原因的用法：不定式省略to的情况（使役 动词、感官动词后作宾补等) 知识点一：不定式todo的基本构成及语法功能 1.基本构成(to+动词原形) 1.肯定式：to+动词原形→例句：She wants to study English 2.否定式：not to+动词原形→例句：He told me not to be late. 3.省略to的情况：感官动词(see/hear/watch..)和使役动词(make/let/have)后接不定式作宾补时→ 例句：I saw her run away..（主动语态)/She was seen to run away..(被动语态，需还原to) 2.作主语（表示具体动作或抽象概念） l.基本用法：To learn English well is important.(可转换为It is important to learn English well,it作形式 主语) 2.例句：Ittakes me two hours to finish homework every day..(it作形式主语，真正主语为to finish homework) 1 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【专题】 非谓语动词A版知识点全解 3.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容) 1.常见动词：want/hope/decide/plan/try/need. 2.:(1)She hopes to travel around the world.(2)He decided to accept the job. 4.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） 1.常见动词：ask/tell/want/teach/allow. 2.:(1)My mother told me to clean my room.(2)The teacher asked us to read aloud 5.作表语（说明主语的内容或性质） 1.基本用法：主语通常为抽象名词(dream/wish/job.)或be动词 2.:(1)Her dream is to become a scientist.(2)The first step is to make a plan. 6.作定语（修饰名词，表目的或将要发生的动作） 1.位置：置于被修饰名词之后 2.例句：(I)I have a lot of homework to do.(todo修饰homework,表动作对象)(2)He has no chance to go abroad.(to go abroad修饰chance,表目的) 7.作状语（表目的、结果、原因等） l.目的状语：To pass the exam,she studies hard..(可转换为In order to pass..) 2.结果状语：He was too tired to walk.(too.to.结构，表“太…而不能”) 3.原因状语：I'n glad to meet you.(to meet you说明glad的原因) 知识点二：不定式tod0的基本用法及结构 1.作主语（表示具体动作或一件事） 1.基本结构：T0+动词原形+其他成分+谓语动词（通常用单数形式） 注：常用it作形式主语，真正主语后置，结构为It+be+形容词/名词+to do sth. 2.例句： (I)To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要。) (2)It is necessary to finish homework on time.(按时完成作业是必要的。)(it作形式主语，to finish为 真正主语) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） 2 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【专题】 非谓语动词A版知识点全解 1.常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、try(尝 试)、leam(学习) 2.结构：主语+动词+o+动词原形+其他 3.例句： (I)She wants to buy a new pen.(她想买一支新钢笔。) (2)They plan to visit the museum tomorrow.(他们计划明天参观博物馆。) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） 1.常见接不定式作宾补的动词：tell(告诉)、ask(要求)、want(想要)、teach(教)、alow(允许)、 help(帮助，to可省略) 2.结构：主语+动词+宾语+to+动词原形+其他 3.例句： (I)My mother tells me to get up early.(妈妈叫我早起。) (2)The teacher teaches us to speak English.（老师教我们说英语。) (3)He often helps me(to)carry books..(他经常帮我搬书。)(help后to可省略) 4.作表语（位于系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质) 1.常见系动词：be、seem(似乎)、appear(显得)、become(变得) 2.结构：主语+系动词+to+动词原形+其他 3.例句： (1)Her dream is to be a doctor..(她的梦想是成为一名医生。) (2)He seems to know the answer.(他似乎知道答案。) 5.作定语（修饰名词，通常后置，表“要做的事”或“用途”) 1.结构：名词+0+动词原形+其他（不定式与被修饰名词有逻辑动宾关系时，不及物动词需加介词） 2.例句： (I)I have alot ofhomework to do.(我有很多作业要做。)(todo修饰homework,逻辑上“do homework”) (2)He needs a pen to write with.(他需要一支钢笔写字。)(write是不及物动词，加介词with,逻辑 上“write with a pen”) 6.作目的状语（表示动作的目的，常位于句首或句中) 1.结构：To+动词原形+其他，+主句（句首时）/主句+o+动词原形+其他（句中时） 2.例句： (I)To catch the early bus,,she gets up at6:00.(为了赶上早班车，她6点起床。)（句首表目的） (2)He studies hard to pass the exam.(他努力学习是为了通过考试。)（句中表目的） 3 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【专题】 非谓语动词A版知识点全解 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.tod0（不定式) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 1.forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to turn off the lights when you leave. 2.remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to bring your homework tomorrow. 3.like to do(偶尔喜欢做)→例句：She likes to swim in summer. 4.love to do(喜爱做)→例句：They love to watch movies on weekends. 5.start to do(开始做)→例句：He starts to learn French this month 6.begin to do(开始做)→例句：The leaves begin to fall in autumn 7.help sb.todo(帮助某人做)→例句：I help my mom to cook dinner. 8.wish to do(希望做)→例句：She wishes to travel around the world, 9.offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to carry the heavy box for me. 10.promise to do(承诺做)→例句：I promise to be on time tomorrow. 特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 1.ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to be late. 2.tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My dad tells me not to play computer games too much 3.want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：I want my brother to help me with math. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.stop doing(停止做某事)→例句：He stops talking when the teacher comes in. 2.start doing(开始做)→例句：She starts learning dancing at5 years old, 3.begin doing(开始做)→例句：It begins raining heavily in the afternoon. 4.feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. 5.can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：She can't help laughing at the funny story. 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【专题】 非谓语动词A版知识点全解 6.prefer doing(更喜欢做)→例句：He prefers reading to watching TV. 7.consider doing(考虑做)→例句：I consider buying a new bike, 8.suggest sb.doing(建议某人做)→例句：The doctor suggests him drinking more water. 9.be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mom is busy cooking in the kitchen l0.keep on doing(继续做)→例句：He keeps on practicing even when he is tired, 固定短语搭配（中考常考）： l.be worth doing(值得做)一例句：The movie is worth watching. 2.have fun doing(做某事很有趣)→例句：We have fun playing games at the party. 3.spend money doing(花费金钱做)→例句：She spends200 yuan buying a new dress. 3.done(过去分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： l.get done(a被…)一例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 2.have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month. 3.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：He sees the window broken by the wind, 4.hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：I hear the song sung by many people, 5.find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句：She finds her homework finished by her sister.. 固定结构搭配（中考易错）： l.be+done+todo(被…去做)→例句：He is asked to clean the classroom. 2.done作定语（表示被动或完成）→例句：I like the book written by Lu Xun. 3.done作表语（表示状态）→例句：The door is closed now. 考法精析 考法一：不带o的不定式固定搭配辨析 J 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【专题】 非谓语动词A版知识点全解 核心：根据动词类型（使役动词、感官动词）及语态（主动/被动），判断不定式是否需要带to 真题1（语法填空)： The children were made_(clean)their classroom after school yesterday. 答案：to clean 解析：使役动词make在被动语态中，不定式需还原to,故填to clean。 真题2（单项选择)： We noticed himinto the library quietly just now. A.go B.to go C.going D.gone 答案：A 解析：感官动词notice在主动语态中接不带to的不定式作宾补，强调动作全过程，故选A。 考法二：不定式作定语与主动表被动辨析 核心：判断不定式作定语时是否需用主动表被动，区分逻辑主语与动作的关系 真题1（语法填空）： I have some important letters_(post)today.Please help me with them. 答案：top0st 解析：不定式to post修饰letters,逻辑主语为“I”,是post的执行者，符合“主语是不定式动作执 行者时主动表被动”的规则，无需用被动语态to be posted。. 真题2（完形填空）： This is the only way-(solve)the problem.We must try our best. A.solve B.to solve C.solving D.solved 答案：B 解析：不定式to solve作定语修饰wy,表“解决问题的方法”，符合“不定式作定语置于名词后表 目的”的用法：way与solve为逻辑宾语关系，但句子主语未直接体现执行者，此处用主动形式to solve表被动含义。 考法三：不定式的综合应用及结构辨析 核心：结合不定式的语法功能（如作状语、宾语补足语）及复合结构(for/of sb.todo),判断不定 式的正确形式及省略用法 真题1（单项选择)： The teacher asked us_too much time playing computer games. A.not to spend B.to not spend C.don't spend D.not spend 答案：A 解析：ask后接不定式作宾语补足语，结构为“ask sb.to do sth.”,否定式在to前加not,即“ask 6 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【专题】 非谓语动词A版知识点全解 sb.not to do sth.”,故选A。 真题2（语法填空)： It's important for us_(learn)English well.We need it for our future. 答案：to learn 解析：此处为“itis+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”结构，it作形式主语，真正主语为不定式短语，故填 to learn。 解题小妙招 不定式考法妙招 不带to的不定式，使役感官主动无：被动语态to还原，mke变被动to要补。 不定式作定语时，主动被动看逻辑；主语执行用主动，wy后主动表被动。 复合结构辨for/of,形容品质用ofsb:疑问词后接不定式，how to do莫忘记。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.My parents often tell metoo much time playing video games. A.not to spend B.not spending C.don't spend D.not spend 2.She pretended_when her father came into the room. A.sleep B.sleeping C.to be sleeping D.to sleep 3.The question is the meeting tomorrow. A.when hold B.when to hold C.when holding D.when held 4.It's importantusEnglish well. A.of,to learn B.for;learning C.for;to learn D.of,learning 5.We saw him_the classroom and then go upstairs. A.enter B.to enter C.entering D.entered 6.He is too youngalone in the mountains. A.not to travel B.to travel C.traveling D.traveled 7.The book is on the desk is mine. A.to read B.reading C.to be read D.read 8.She hasn't decidedto the party or not. A.if going B.whether go C.whether to go D.if to go 9.The workers were madefor 12 hours a day by the boss. A.work B.to work C.working D.worked 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【专题】 非谓语动词A版知识点全解 10.I don't know _the machine.Could you help me? A.how to operate B.how operate C.to how operate D.how operating 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.His wish is(become)a doctor in the future. 2.I have a lot of homework(finish)tonight. 3.(improve)his English,he practices speaking every day. 4.The teacher told us (not be)late for class. 5.She is glad(receive)your invitation. 6.This is the best way_(solve)the problem. 7.He seems_(know)the answer to the question. 8.My mother asked me_(buy)some milk on my way home. 9.They plan(travel)to Japan next summer. 10.It's necessary for us(keep)the environment clean. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you about my recent life.My main goal this term is-1(improve)my grades,so I' ve made a study plan.Every morning,I get up early2(read)English aloud.I also ask my teacher how _3(solve)math problems more effectively. Last week,I participated in a speech competition.I was nervous at first,but I tried4(calm)myself down.To my surprise,I won the first prize!My parents were proud5(hear)the news. However,I still have some difficulties.I don't know whether6(join)the school basketball team or focus on my studies.Could you give me some advice on how _7(balance)them? I hope_8(meet)you during the winter holiday.Please tell me when_9(arrive)in your city.It's kind10you to help me with my problems. Best wishes, Li Ming 8 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【专题】 非谓语动词A版知识点全解 参考答案 演练-：1.A2.C3B4.C5.A6.B7A8.C9B10.A 1.to become 2.to finish 3.To improve 4.not to be 5.to receive 6.to solve 7.to know 8.to buy 9.to travel 10.to keep 1.to improve 2.to read 3.to solve 4.to calm 5.to hear 6.to join 7.to balance 8.to meet 9.to arrive 10.of