特殊结构与综合语法 主谓一致系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 寒假专版 【专题】主谓一致系统讲解 冀教版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 冀教版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，主谓一致是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的15%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核 心考察，直接影响句子语法正确性与逻辑性)。在语境理解类题目中，主谓一致的语法规则及特殊 结构应用往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·语法规则核心：主语单复数形式与谓语动词形式的匹配（如不可数名词、单数可数名词作主语用单 数动词，复数名词用复数动词) ·特殊结构辨析：there be句型中be动词的单复数遵循就近原则，不定代词(each,everyone等)作主 语时的谓语形式，集体名词(family,class等)根据意义确定单复数 ·语境与逻辑一致：主语后接with,together with等短语时谓语与主语保持一致，从句作主语时的谓语 形式（通常用单数） 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原则 1.语法一致原则（主语和谓语单复数形式一致) 。单数主语（第三人称单数/不可数名词/单数代词）→谓语用单数（加-s/-s) 。例句：(I)He plays basketball every day.(第三人称单数主语He,谓语play-plays)(2)The water is cold.(不可数名词water,谓语用is) ·复数主语（名词复数/复数代词）→谓语用原形（不加-s/-es) ·例句：(I)They study hard.(复数主语They,谓语用study原形)(2)These books are interesting. (复数名词books,谓语用are) 2.意义一致原则（根据主语实际意义判断单复数) 。集合名词表整体→谓语单数：表成员谓语复数 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 ·例句：(I)The class is on the second floor.(class表整体班级，谓语用is)(2)The class are having a PE class.(class表班级成员，谓语用are) 。形式单数但意义复数的名词(people/police)→谓语用复数 ●例句：The police are searching for the thief.(police意义为复数，谓语用are) 3.就近一致原则（谓语单复数由最近的主语决定) ·常见结构：either.or.neither.nor.not only..but also./there be句型 。例句：(I)Either you or he has the key.(最近主语he为单数，谓语用has)(②)There is a pen and two books on the desk.(最近主语apen为单数，谓语用is) 知识点二：主谓一致核心规则与特殊结构 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式) 。规则说明：主语为单数（如he/she/it/a book)时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式（加-s/-es):主 语为复数（如they/we/students)时，谓语动词用原形。 。例句：(I)The boy plays football every day.(单数主语the boy,谓语用plays)(2)These girls study hard.（复数主语these girls,谓语用study) 2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语) 。规则说明：集合名词（如family/team/class)表示整体时视为单数，谓语用三单：表示成员时视 为复数，谓语用原形。 ·例句：(I)Our family is a big one.(family指整体“家庭”，用is)(2)My family are watching TV now.(family指“家人”，用are watching) 3.就近一致原则（谓语与最近主语保持一致） 。规则说明：由or/either.or.neither.nor.not only.but also.连接的并列主语，谓语与最近的主 语单复数一致。 ●例句：(I)Neither he nor his parents are at home.(最近主语his parents是复数，用are)(2)Not only the teacher but also the students like the film.(最近主语the students是复数，用like) 4.特殊主语的主谓一致 。不可数名词/抽象名词作主语（视为单数）：Water is important for life. 。不定代词作主语(somebody/nobody/everything等视为单数)：Everyone wants to win the game.. ·复数形式单数意义名词（如news/physics)作主语（视为单数）：Physics is my favorite subject. 。“the+形容词”表一类人（视为复数）：The old are taken good care of in this village. 5.数量短语作主语的一致规则 2 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 。“数词+量词+of+名词”结构（谓语与量词单复数一致）：Three bottles of milk are on the table.. /One box of apples is red. 。“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构（谓语与名词单复数一致）：Two thirds of the students are boys./ Half of the cake is eaten. 知识点三：主谓一致特殊规则 1.集体名词作主语时的一致 。表整体概念时谓语用单数：Our class is a big family. 。表成员个体时谓语用复数：The class are playing games on the playground,. ·常见集体名词：family,,tean,group,class,population:The population of China is over 1.4 billion, 2.不定代词作主语时的一致 。单数意义代词(each,evey,no one等)谓语用单数：Each student has a dictionary. ●复数意义代词(both,many,several等)谓语用复数：Both answers are correct. 。”some/any/no/every+thing/body/one”作主语时用单数：Everyone likes music. 3.特殊句式中的一致 。there be句型就近原则：There is a book and two pens on the desk. ·主谓倒装句（副词/介词短语开头）：Here comes the bus. 。分数/百分数+名词作主语（依名词单复数定）：Two thirds of the water is clean. 考法精析 考法一：主谓一致原则应用 核心：根据主语单复数形式、意义或就近关系，确定谓语动词的正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： The police(search)for the missing child all night.They haven't found him yet. 答案：are searching 解析：集合名词'police”表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；由'all night''和haven't found,可知动作 正在进行，故用are searching。 真题2（单项选择)： Neither my parents nor my brotherinterested in playing football A.is B.are C.was D.were 答案：A 3 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 解析：neither.nor.遵循就近一致原则，最近主语'my brother'”为第三人称单数，且句子描述一般 事实，用一般现在时，故谓语用s。 考法二：主谓一致与非谓语动词结合 核心：判断主语单复数确定谓语形式，同时识别非谓语动词作定语/状语时的正确形式（主动/被动、 进行完成) 真题1（语法填空)： The students(plan)to have a picnic.The(excite)news made everyone happy 答案：plan exciting 解析：第一空主语students为复数，谓语用原形plan:第二空修饰news(物)，表主动关系，用现 在分词exciting。 真题2（完形填空)： The team(be)training hard.They hope(win)the match next week. A.is to win B.are winning C.are to win D.is winning 答案：C 解析：第一空team表成员，谓语用复数are;第二空hope后接不定式todo,表未发生动作，故选C。 考法三：名词性从句中的主谓一致 核心：判断名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致，结合语法一致、意义一致原则及特殊主语规则。 真题1（单项选择）： What he saidtrue but what we didwrong. A.is are B.are is C.is is D.are are 答案：A 解析：第一空“what he said”表示“他说的话”，视为单数概念，谓语用is;第二空“what we did” 表示“我们做的事”，视为复数概念（指多件事），谓语用are,符合意义一致原则。 真题2（语法填空）： It is known to all that three quarters of the earth-(be)covered with water. 答案：is 解析：主语从句中“three quarters of the earth”核心名词“eath”为不可数名词，根据“分数+oft 名词”结构的主谓一致规则，谓语与名词单复数一致，eath为单数，故be动词用is。 解题小妙招 4 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 主谓一致妙招 主谓一致看主语，单复意义要分清： 集合名词指整体，单数谓语跟着行： 若表成员表复数，复数谓语记心间： 就近原则neither nor,either or要记牢； there be句型也同理，靠近名词定单复： 主语从句作主语，单数谓语莫忘记： 动名词与不定式，单数谓语跟它行： 时间金钱与距离，整体概念单数明。 非谓语动词妙招 非谓语有三形式，to do doing和done: 不定式表目的和将来，主动被动to be done: 动名词作主语宾语，习惯主动常用它： 现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动： 作定语时看关系，主动doing被动done: 作状语时看逻辑，主语主动用doing。 名词性从句妙招 名词性从句作主语，单数谓语一般行： what从句表单数，复数意义也可能： whether if引从句，陈述语序要分明： suggest demand之后，should加动原虚拟情： t作形式主语时，真正主语放后面， 从句作宾用陈述，疑问词后接主谓。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.Neither my sister nor my parentsinterested in playing video games. A.is B.are C.was D.were 2.To the project on time,we need to work extra hours. A.finish B.finishing C.finished D.to finish 3.What he said at the meetingtrue.The fact-everyone surprised. A.is;make B.are;makes C.is;makes D.are;make 4.The team training hard.They hope the championship next month. A.is;winning B.are;to win C.is;to win D.are;winning 5.I have a bookby Mo Yan.Would you like to read it? 5 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 A.written B.writing C.to write D.write 6.Whether theyor not_on the weather condition. A.comes;depend B.come;depends C.come;depend D.comes;depends 7.English well requires practice.It is importantaloud every day. A.Learning;to read B.To learn;reading C.Learn;read D.Learned;to read 8.The policesearching for the missing child.More than three hourspassed. A.is:has B.are:have C.is:have D.are:has 9.Her job is_children how to read.She enjoyswith kids. A.teaching;working B.to teach;to work C.teaching;to work D.to teach;working 10.-he will attend the partyunknown yet.We needhim as soon as possible. A.If;is;contacting B.Whether;is;to contact C.That;are;to contact D.When;are;contacting 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The class(be)having a discussion now.Each student(express)their opinions. 2.(learn)a foreign language well takes time and patience. 3.The broken window_(repair)yesterday by the workers. 4.My parents suggested_(visit)the museum this weekend. 5.What you said(be)very helpful.Thank you for your advice. 6.She came here(see)her grandparents.They_(miss)her a lot. 7.The question is whether we(can finish)the task on time 8.(swim)in the river is dangerous.You should avoid(do)that. 9.The news that our team(win)the game_(excite)everyone. 10.It is necessary-(keep)quiet in the library.No one is allowed(talk)loudly. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Nowadays,many students find it difficult to balance study and hobbies.The key 1_(solve)this problem is to manage time properly.For example,some students prefer 2-(spend)hours playing games,while others focus only on books.However,what really matters 3(be)not"either/or"but"both/and. A recent survey shows that students who have hobbies 4_(be)more likely to succeed.5(read)widely can improve critical thinking,and playing sports helps 6-(build)physical strength.The challenge is 7 _(arrange)time so that neither study nor hobbies 8(be)neglected. Teachers often suggest 9_(make)a schedule.Remember:10_(plan)ahead is half done.By following a clear plan,you can enjoy both learning and leisure. 6 高中冀教版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 答案区 演练-：1B2.A3.C4.B5.A6B7.A8.B9D10B 1.are;is expressing 2Learning 3.was repaired 4.visiting 5.is 6.to see;missed 7.can finish 8.Swimming;doing 9.won;excited 10.to keep;to talk 1.to solve 2.to spend/spending 3.is 4.are 5.Reading 6.(to)build 7.to arrange 8.are 9.making 10.planning 7