句法 定语从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中句法冀教版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 语法专版 定语从句系统讲解 冀教版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 冀教版高中句法中，定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影 响句子结构复杂度与信息完整性)。在语境理解类题目中，定语从句的关系代词、关系副词选择及 限制性与非限制性定语从句的区分往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。关系词选用：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、why)的 指代对象及句法功能辨析 ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及关系词选用规则(that/whether不 能用于非限定性定语从句) ·特殊用法：”介词+关系代词'结构中介词的选择依据（动词搭配、先行词性质），s与which引导 非限定性定语从句的区别，先行词为way/time/place时的关系词省略现象 知识点一：定语从句系统讲解 1.定义及构成（修饰名词/代词的从句) 1.基本结构：先行词+关系词+从句（关系词指代先行词并在从句中作成分) 2.例句： ·This is the book(that/which)I bought yesterday.(先行词the book,关系代词that/which作宾语) ·The girl who is standing there is my sister..（先行词the girl.,关系代词who作主语) 2.关系代词（代替先行词，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语） 1.常见关系代词：hat(指人/物，作主语/宾语)、which(指物，作主语/宾语)、who(指人，作主语/宾 语)、wom(指人，作宾语)、whose(指人/物，作定语) 1 高中句法冀教版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 2.例句： ·The boy whom you met yesterday is my brother.(whom指人，作宾语) 。This is the house whose windows are broken.(whose指物，作定语，表..的) 3.关系副词（代替先行词，在从句中作状语） 1.常见关系副词：when(指时间，作时间状语)、where(指地点，作地点状语)、why(指原因，作原 因状语，先行词通常为reason) 2.例句： ·I still remember the day when we first met.(when指时间，作时间状语) 。This is the school where I studied ten years ago.(where指地点，作地点状语) ·The reason why he was late is unknown.(why指原因，作原因状语) 4.限制性与非限制性定语从句（功能与标点区别） 1.限制性：修饰先行词，不可或缺，无逗号隔开→例句：The students who wear red uniforms are from Class3.(限定”穿红校服的学生”，去掉从句句意不完整) 2.非限制性：补充说明先行词，可有可无，用逗号隔开，不可用that引导→例句：My father,,who is a doctor,.works in a hospital.(补充说明父亲的职业，去掉从句句意仍完整) 知识点二：定语从句基础及应用 1.定义及构成（修饰名词/代词的从句) 1.核心要素：先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）+关系词（连接主句和从句，指代先行词并在从句中作成 分) 2.关系词分类：关系代词(who/whom/which/that/whose)、关系副词(when/where/why) 2.关系代词的用法 1.who(指人，在从句中作主语/宾语) ·作主语：The girl who is wearing ared dress is my sister.(穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹) ·作宾语（可省略）：The man(who)we met yesterday is a doctor..(我们昨天遇到的那个男人是医生) 2.whom(指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略或用who替换) 例句：The boy whom/who she is talking to is my brother..(她正在交谈的男孩是我弟弟) 3.wich(指物，在从句中作主语/宾语) ●作主语：The book which is on the desk is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的) 2 高中句法冀教版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 ·作宾语（可省略）：The pen(which)I bought yesterday is lost.（我昨天买的钢笔丢了) 4.ht(指人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语，避免与先行词重复) ●指人：He is the teacher that helped me.(他是帮助过我的老师) 。指物：This is the house that we visited last week.(这是我们上周参观的房子) 5.whose(指人/物的”..的”，在从句中作定语) 。指人：The girl whose hair is black is from China.(头发是黑色的那个女孩来自中国) 。指物：I live in a room whose window faces south.(我住在一个窗户朝南的房间) 3.关系副词的用法（在从句中作状语，表时间/地点/原因） 1.when(指时间，先行词为时间名词，=”介词+which”) 例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school..(我还记得第一次来这所学校的那天)= I still remember the day on which I first came to this school. 2.where(指地点，先行词为地点名词，=”介词+which”) 例句：This is the park where we played last Sunday.(这是我们上周日玩耍的公园)=This is the park in which we played last Sunday. 3.why(指原因，先行词为reason,=”for which'”) 例句：The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(他迟到的原因是错过了公交车)=The reason for which he was late is that he missed the bus. 4.限制性定语从句ⅴs非限制性定语从句（基础区分） l.限制性：无逗号，不可省略，修饰先行词使其具体化（如：The students who study hard will pass the exm.努力学习的学生将会通过考试一限定”努力学习的”学生) 2.非限制性：有逗号隔开，补充说明，可省略（如：My father,who is a doctor,.works in a hospital..我爸 爸是一名医生，他在一家医院工作一补充说明爸爸的职业) 5.基础易错点提醒 1.避免成分重复：关系词已在从句中作成分，从句中不可再出现指代先行词的代词 错误：The book which it is on the desk is mine.(多了代词it) 正确：The book which is on the desk is mine.. 2.hat不能用于非限制性定语从句： 错误：My mother,that is a teacher,.loves her students. 正确：My mother,who is a teacher,loves her students, 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（中考核心) 高中句法冀教版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： ·who（指人，作主语/宾语)→例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister..(作主语) 。whom(指人，作宾语)→例句：The teacher whom we met yesterday is very kind.(作宾语) 。which(指物，作主语/宾语)→例句：This is the book which I bought last week.(作宾语) 。that(指人/物，作主语/宾语，可替换who/whom/which)→例句：He is the boy that helped me.(指 人，作主语)/The pen that you lost is on the desk.(指物，作宾语) 。whose(指人/物，作定语，表”的')→例句：Do you know the girl whose hair is long?(指人) This is the house whose windows are broken. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（中考常考) 1.基础用法拓展（中考必背）： ·when(指时间，作状语)→例句：I still remember the day when we first met. 。where(指地点，作状语)一例句：This is the school where I studied five years ago, 。why(指原因，作状语，先行词常为reason)→例句：Tell me the reason why you were late 3.定语从句的特殊用法（中考易错） 1.介词+关系代词（指物用which,指人用whom)→例句：This is the room in which I lived last year. The man with whom she talked is my father. 2.先行词为不定代词(everything,nothing,.all等)时用that→例句：Everything that he said is true. 3.先行词被最高级/序数词/only等修饰时用that→例句：This is the best book that I have ever read./The first thing that we should do is to study hard. 考法精析 考法一：关系代词与关系副词的选择 核心：根据先行词类型及从句成分（作主语/宾语/定语用关系代词，作状语用关系副词），选择正确 的关系词 真题1（语法填空）： This is the park we had a picnic last Sunday. 答案：where 解析：先行词the park为地点名词，从句中不缺主语或宾语，需用关系副词where作地点状语。 真题2（完形填空)： The girl-is wearing a blue dress is my best friend. A.which B.who C.whom D.whose 答案：B 高中句法冀教版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 解析：先行词the girl指人，从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词who作主语；which指物，whom作宾 语，whose作定语，均不符合。 考法二：关系代词与关系副词的选择辨析 核心：根据先行词类型及从句成分（主语/宾语/状语），区分关系代词(that/which/who等)与关系 副词(where/when/why)的使用场景 真题1（语法填空）： This is the museum-we saw the ancient paintings last week. 答案：where 解析：先行词nuseum为地点名词，从句中不缺主语或宾语(saw的宾语为the ancient paintings), 需用关系副词where作地点状语(=in which)。 真题2（单项选择)： I still remember the day_we first met at the school gate A.which B.when C.that D.whose 答案：B 解析：先行词day表时间，从句中不缺主语或宾语(met的宾语为each other,此处省略)，需用关 系副词when作时间状语(=on which)。which/.hat在从句中需作主语或宾语，whose作定语，均不 符合。 考法三：定语从句关系词综合运用与转换 核心：结合先行词类型、从句成分及限制性/非限制性特征，正确选择关系代词/副词并掌握”介词 +which”转换规则 真题1（单项选择）： This is the school_I studied five years ago and_has a long history. A where which B which that C that where D where who 答案：A 解析：第一空先行词”school'”为地点名词，从句I studied'缺地点状语，用where;第二空先行词 为”school”(物)，从句'has a long history”缺主语，且为限制性定语从句，用which/.hat,选项中只 有A符合。 真题2（语法填空）： The reason-he was absent from class yesterday was-his mother was ill.We all know about it,-often happens in his family. 答案：why that which 解析：第一空先行词为reason'”,从句缺原因状语，用wy:第二空引导表语从句，用that(不充当 成分)：第三空引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事，用which。 高中句法冀教版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 解题小妙招 定语从句关系词选择妙招 先行词类型先看清，人用who/whom/whose,物用which/that: 从句成分是关键，主宾定用关系代，状语需用关系副： 地点where时间when,原因why莫混淆； 介词加代也常见，which代物whom代人： 非限不用that引导，逗号隔开要记牢。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.The novel_I borrowed from the library last month is now missing. A.who B.which C.whose D.where 2.This is the villagemy grandparents lived for fifty years. A.when B.why C.where D.that 3.My brother,_works in Beijing,will return home next week. A.who B.whom C.which D.that 4.The reason he refused the invitation is still unknown. A.when B.why C.where D.which 5.We should help the students_are in need of financial support. A.which B.whom C.who D.whose 6.This is the first articleI have written in English. A.which B.that C.what D.where 7.The girl with-you talked just now is our monitor. A.who B.whom C.whose D.which 8.is reported in the news,the price of vegetables will rise next week. A.Which B.As C.That D.What 9.The museum_we visited last Saturday has a history of 200 years. A.where B.when C.why D.which 10.He failed the exam,-made his parents very disappointed. A.as B.that C.which D.what 演练二：填空试题 1.The boy is standing at the door is my cousin. 6 高中句法冀教版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 2.This is the houseI was born. 3.I still remember the daywe graduated from high school. 4.The book_cover is red was written by Mo Yan. 5.My English teacher,_comes from Canada,is very kind to us. 6.The reason she was late for class is that her bike broke down. 7.This is the only dictionarycan help you with this problem. 8.The cityI grew up is famous for its historical buildings. 9.We visited the factorymy father used to work. 10.The film,won three Oscars,is worth watching again 演练三：语法填空试题 Last summer,I went to visit Xi'an,a city-has a long history of over 3,000 years.The first place I visited was the Terracotta Army,-is one of the world's greatest wonders.I was deeply impressed by the soldiers -stood in perfect formation.My guide,-father is a historian,told me many stories about the Qin Dynasty. On the second day,I walked along the Ancient City Wall,I met a foreign traveler.He asked me about the best time to visit Xi'an,made me realize the importance of learning English.We talked about the places _we had visited,and he mentioned the Bell Tower_he wanted to see next. In the evening,I tried the local food,-was very delicious.The experience in Xi'an taught me that the past and present are connected in ways_we often overlook 答案区 演练-：1.B2.C3.A4.B5.C6.B7.B8B9.D10.C 演练二：1.who/that2.where/in which3.when/on which4.whose5.who 6.why/for which 7.that 8.where/in which 9.where/in which 10.which 演练三：1.which/that2.which3.who/that4.whose5.where 6.which 7.that/which 8.that/which 9.which 10.that/which 7