基础动词用法 谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法 寒假专版 谓语动词分类系统讲解 基础动词用法 考频分析 冀教版高中英语基础动词用法中，谓语动词分类是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的20%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·动词分类及功能：系动词（状态类、感官类、变化类）的特征与搭配；实义动词及物与不及物的区 分；情态动词(can/may/must//should/will等)的推测与非推测用法；助动词(be/do/have/will等)在 时态、语态、疑问句中的辅助功能 ·时态与语态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过 去完成时、将来完成时的构成、标志性时间状语及语境辨析：主动语态与被动语态在不同时态中的 转换规则及应用场景 ·主谓一致：语法一致原则（第三人称单数、不可数名词作主语等）、意义一致原则（集合名词、并 列主语等)、就近一致原则(there be句型、not only.but also..等结构)的具体规则与特殊用法 知识点一：动词的分类及基础用法 1.系动词（无实义，后接表语) ·常见类型：be动词(am/is/are/was/were)、感官动词(look/sound/taste/smell/feel)、变化类动词 (become/get/turn/grow) 。例句： 1.The cake tastes sweet.(感官系动词，后接形容词作表语) 2.He became a doctor last year.(变化类系动词，后接名词作表语) 2.实义动词（有具体含义，可独立作谓语） 。及物动词（后接宾语）：eat(吃)、visit(参观)→例句：She visited her grandparents yesterday. 1 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法 ·不及物动词（不接宾语，或需加介词后接宾语）：un(跑)、listen(听)→例句：He runs fast./ She listens to music every evening 3.情态动词（表语气，后接动词原形） ·常见情态动词：can/could(能力/许可)、may/might(许可/推测)、must/have to(必须)、should (建议) 。例句： 1.You can borrow this book from the library.(表能力) 2.He must finish his homework before9p.m.(表必须) 4.助动词（无实义，辅助构成时态/语态/疑问句) 。常见助动词：do/does/did(辅助实义动词构成疑问句/否定句)、be(辅助构成进行时/被动语态)、 have/has(辅助构成完成时) ·例句： 1.Do you like English?(do辅助构成一般现在时疑问句) 2.They have finished their homework.(have辅助构成现在完成时) 知识点二：谓语动词分类及用法 1.实义动词（有具体动作意义，可独立作谓语） ·及物动词（后必须接宾语，构成”主谓宾”结构） 常见动词：buy(买)、teach(教)、love(爱)、finish(完成) 例句： l.She bought a new pen yesterday..(bought后接宾语a new pen) 2.They finished their homework just now.(finished后接宾语their homework) ·不及物动词（后不可直接接宾语，若接宾语需加介词，构成”主谓(+介词+宾语）”结构) 常见动词：arrive(到达)、come(来)、go(去)、listen(听)、live(住) 例句： l.He arrived in Beijing last week.(arrive后加介词in接宾语Beijing) 2.They are listening to music now.(listen后加介词to接宾语music) 2.系动词（连接主语和表语，说明主语状态/性质，无实际动作意义） ●状态系动词(be动词：am/is/are/was/were) 例句： l.She is a student.(is连接主语she和表语a student) 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法 2.They were happy yesterday.(were连接主语they和表语happy) 。感官系动词（表示'看/听/闻/尝/摸起来：look/sound/smel/taste/feel) 例句： l.The flower looks beautiful..(look后接形容词beautiful作表语) 2.The music sounds great..(sound后接形容词great作表语) 。变化系动词（表示'变得/变成”：become/get/hunl/go) 例句： l.The weather becomes warm in spring.(become后接形容词wam作表语) 2.The leaves turn yellow in autumn.(tum后接形容词yellow作表语) 3.助动词（无实际意义，协助实义动词构成时态、语态、否定、疑问等) 。构成时态的助动词(be/do/does/did/have/has/had/will/shall) 例句： 1.They are playing basketball.(are协助play构成现在进行时) 2.She has finished her homework.(has协助finish构成现在完成时) 3.We will go to the park tomorrow.(will协助go构成一般将来时) ·构成否定/疑问的助动词(do/does/did) 例句： 1.He doesn't like apples.(doesn't协助like构成否定句，主语三单) 2.Did you go to school yesterday?(did协助go构成一般过去时疑间句) 。构成被动语态的助动词(be/been) 例句： l.The book is written by him.(is协助written构成一般现在时被动语态) 2.The letter has been sent.(been协助sent构成现在完成时被动语态) 4.情态动词（表示”能力/许可/可能/必须/意愿”，后接动词原形，无人称和数的变化） ·常见情态动词(can/could/may/might/nust/should/will/would/need) ·用法及例句： 1.can(能/会，表能力)：She can speak English well..(can后接动词原形speak) 2.may(可以，表许可)：You may come in.(may后接动词原形come) 3.must(必须，表义务)：We must study hard.(must后接动词原形study) 4.should(应该，表建议)：You should finish your homework first.(should后接动词原形finish) 5.can't(不能/不可能，表否定推测)：He can't be at home now.(can't后接be动词原形) 3 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.done(过去分词) 基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)→例句：She is interested in invited to the party. 。get done(被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month. ●see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the old house pulled down. 。hear sth..done(听见某事被做)一例句：He heard his name called, ●make sth.done（使某事被做)→例句：She made her voice heard. 。want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句：I want my room cleaned. 。need sth.done(需要某事被做)→例句：The car needs washed. ·keep sth.done(使某事保持被做)→例句：Keep the door closed.. 。find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句：He found his wallet stolen. 2.非谓语动词作定语 ·过去分词作定语（中考常考）： l.a broken window(一扇破窗户)→例句：There is a broken window in the room. 2.the developed countries(发达国家)→例句：The developed countries have advanced technology. 3.boiled water(开水)→例句：I need some boiled water. 4.fallen leaves(落叶)→例句：Fallen leaves are everywhere in autumn, 5.a lost child(一个迷路的孩子)→例句：We found a lost child in the park. ·现在分词作定语（中考易错）： l.a sleeping boy(一个正在睡觉的男孩)→例句：Look at the sleeping boy: 2.the running water(流水)→例句：The running water is very clear. 3.a developing country(发展中国家)→例句：China is a developing country. 4.an interesting story(一个有趣的故事)→例句：She told us an interesting story.. 5.a barking dog（一只正在叫的狗)→例句：The barking dog is very fierce. 3.非谓语动词作状语 。不定式作目的状语（中考核心）： 1.To catch the early bus,he got up early. 2.She studies hard to pass the exam. 3.He went to the library to read books. 。过去分词作状语（中考难点）： 1.Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful. 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法 2.Born in a poor family,he worked very hard. 3.Given more time,we can do it better. 。现在分词作状语（中考常考）： 1.Walking in the park,I met an old friend. 2.He sat there reading a book. 3.The children ran out of the room,laughing and talking. 解题小妙招 非谓形式看功能，主宾定状辨分明： todo常表目或未，doing习惯主主动： done被动或完成，时态语态要呼应： 主谓主动用doing,动宾被动done来行： before已发生用doing,目的状语to先行； 时间状语看逻辑，主动完成用having done。 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词形式辨析 核心：根据上下文语境判断非谓语动词的功能（如作主语、宾语、定语等），选择动词不定式(o do)、动名词(doing)或分词(doing/done)的正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： She decided_(study)abroad after finishing high school. 答案：to study 解析：decide后接动词不定式作宾语，构成“decide to do sth.”结构，表示“决定做某事”，故填to study。 真题2（完形填空)： (swim)is a good way to relax in summer.Many people enjoy it. A.Swim B.Swimming C.Swam D.To swim 答案：B 解析：空格处需填入主语，动名词(doing)作主语表示习惯性、抽象动作，swim的动名词形式为 swimming,故选B。 考法二：非谓语动词与时态结合 5 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法 核心：结合语境判断非谓语动词的形式及时态，区分谓语动词与非谓语动词的用法 真题1（语法填空）： I remembered(see)him somewhere before,but I couldn't tell where it was. 答案：seeing 解析：remember后接动名词doing表示“记得做过某事”，由“before”可知动作已发生，用seeing: 真题2（完形填空）： _(finish)his homework,he went out to play basketball with his friends. A.Finishing B.Finished C.To finish D.Finish 答案：A 解析：此处需用现在分词作时间状语，表主动完成，逻辑主语he与finish为主动关系，用Finishing。 考法三：动词分类与时态、语态的综合运用 核心：结合动词分类判断谓语动词类型，根据语境选择正确时态及主动/被动语态 真题1（单项选择）： The flowersevery day,or they will die soon. A.must water B.must be watered C.water D.are watering 答案：B 解析：主语“the flowers”是动作“water”的承受者，需用被动语态；情态动词must后接be+过去 分词，构成情态动词被动语态结构“must be watered”。 真题2（语法填空)： She_(become)a teacher in 2018.Now she _(teach)English in our school and her lessons_(love) by all students. 答案：became teaches are loved 解析：第一空根据“in20l8”用一般过去时，become的过去式为became:第二空“now”提示用 般现在时，主语she为三单，teach用teaches:第三空主语“lessons'”是动作“love”的承受者，用 般现在时被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are,love的过去分词为loved。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She hopes the first prize in the English competition next month. A.win B.to win C.winning D.won 2.-carefully is important for learning a language well. A.Listen B.Listening C.Listened D.To listen 6 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法 3.The teacher asked us our homework before class. A.finish B.finishing C.to finish D.finished 4.I have a lot of books_during the summer vacation. A.read B.reading C.to read D.reads 5.the news,she couldn't help crying. A.Hearing B.Heard C.Hear D.To hear 6.He is interested in_stamps in his free time. A.collect B.collecting C.to collect D.collected 7.late for school again,he got up earlier this morning A.Avoid B.Avoiding C.To avoid D.Avoided 8.The film by a famous director is very popular now. A.direct B.directing C.directed D.to direct 9.Remember_the door when you leave the classroom. A.lock B.locking C.to lock D.locked 10.for three hours,they decided to take a break. A.Work B.Working C.Worked D.To work 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.My parents expect me-(study)hard for the exam 2.-(exercise)every day is good for our health 3.She was happy(receive)a gift from her friend. 4.The boy(play)basketball on the playground is my brother. 5.I forgot_(close)the window before I left home 6.(solve)this problem,we need to work together. 7.The book(write)by Lu Xun is worth reading 8.He suggested(go)to the park this weekend. 9.(not make)noise in the library,please. 10.We saw a girl(dance)in the square just now. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year,I decided(join)a volunteer club to help children in rural areas.Every weekend,we would take a bus to the village.The journey usually took two hours,but none of us felt bored because we were 7 高中冀教版高中英语语法全全解 【寒假专版】 基础动词用法 excited(meet)the children. When we arrived,the children were always waiting at the school gate,-(wave)their hands happily. We spent the morning(teach)them English and math.Some children were shy at first,but soon they became active_(answer)questions.In the afternoon,we played games together.I remember_(play) hide-and-seek with a little girl named Lily.She laughed loudly when I found her behind a tree. One day,Lily gave me a drawing she _(make).It showed a group of children_(hold)hands with volunteers.I was deeply moved.(see)the joy on their faces,I realized that helping others could bring me more happiness than I expected. Now,I still keep in touch with Lily.She often sends me messages_(tell)me about her studies.This experience taught me that even small acts of kindness can make a big difference. 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3.C4.C5.A6B7.C8.C9.C10.B 1.to study 2.Exercising 3.to receive 4.playing 5.to close 6.To solve 7.written 8.going 9.Not to make 10.dancing 1.to join 2.to meet 3.waving 4.teaching 5.to answer 6.playing 7.had made 8.holding 9.Seeing 10.telling 8