基础动词用法 动词时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（冀教版）

高中冀教版 【基础动词用法】 动词时态系统讲解 语法精讲 动词时态系统讲解 冀教版高中英语语法全全解 考频分析 冀教版高中英语基础动词用法中，动词时态系统讲解是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的20%左 右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空3-4题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心 考察，直接影响句子完整性与准确性。在语境理解类题目中，动词的时态、语态及词义辨析往往是 解题关键。 考查内容 。基本时态结构：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、 过去完成时、将来完成时的构成及标志性时间状语 ·时态语境辨析：不同时态在时间先后、动作持续性、影响关联性等语境中的区分（如现在完成时与 一般过去时的对比，过去完成时与过去进行时的搭配) ·时态特殊用法：将来时be going to与will的区别、现在进行时表计划将来、完成进行时的动作延续 性表达、被动语态在不同时态中的转换 知识点一：动词时态的基本概念及分类 1.时态定义（表示动作或状态的时间和方式) 。核心要素：时间（现在/过去/将来/过去将来）+状态（一般/进行完成/完成进行） 。组合形式：共16种时态，高中重点掌握8种基础时态 。例句：(I)I eat breakfast every morning.(时间：现在：状态：一般)(2)She was reading when I called. (时间：过去；状态：进行) 2.一般时态（表示经常性、习惯性或客观事实） 。一般现在时：动词原形/三单形式（主语为第三人称单数）一例句：He plays basketball twice a week ●一般过去时：动词过去式→例句：They visited the Great Wall last summer. 高中冀教版 【基础动词用法】 动词时态系统讲解 ·一般将来时：will/shall-+动词原形/be going to+动词原形→例句：We will have a picnic tomorrow. /It is going to rain. ·一般过去将来时：would4动词原形/was/were going to+动词原形→例句：She said she would come to the party. 3.进行时态（表示动作在特定时间正在进行) 。现在进行时：am/is/are+动词-ing→例句：Listen!Someone is singing in the next room 。过去进行时：was/were+动词-ing→例句：I was doing homework at8p.m.yesterday. 。将来进行时：will be+动词-ing→例句：This time tomorrow,we will be flying to Beijing. ●过去将来进行时：would be+动词-ing→例句：He told me he would be waiting at the station. 4.完成时态（表示动作已完成或对现在有影响） ·现在完成时：have/has-+动词过去分词一例句：I have lived here for five years..(持续到现在)/ She has just finished her work.(对现在有影响) 。过去完成时：had+动词过去分词→例句：By the time I arrived,.the meeting had already started.(过 去的过去) 。将来完成时：will have+动词过去分词→例句：They will have completed the project by next month. 。过去将来完成时：would have+动词过去分词→例句：He said he would have graduated by2023 5.完成进行时态（表示动作持续进行且未中断) ·现在完成进行时：have/has been+动词-ing→例句：She has been studying English since20l8. 。过去完成进行时：had been+动词-ing一例句：He was tired because he had been working all day. 。将来完成进行时：will have been+动词-ing→例句：nuly,I will have been teaching for ten years, 。过去将来完成进行时：would have been+动词-ing→例句：She told me she wouldhave been waiting for two hours by then. 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 1.一般现在时（常态、规律、客观真理) ·时间标志词：always(总是)、usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day/week/month(每天/周/月)、 on Sundays(在周日)、客观真理 ·主动语态：主语+动词原形（主语为非三单）/动词第三人称单数（主语为三单） (1)They play basketball every afternoon.(2)She teaches English in a middle school. 。被动语态：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词 (1)Basketball is played by them every afternoon.(2)English is taught by her in a middle school. 2.一般过去时（过去某个时间发生的动作/状态，已结束) 高中冀教版 【基础动词用法】 动词时态系统讲解 ·时间标志词：yesterday(昨天)、last week/month/year(上周/月/年)、just now(刚才)、in2020 (在2020年)、three days ago(三天前) ·主动语态：主语+动词过去式 (1)He watched a movie yesterday evening.(2)They visited the Great Wall last summer. ●被动语态：主语+was/were+动词过去分词 :(1)A movie was watchedby him yesterday evening.(2)The Great Wall was visited by them last summer 3.一般将来时（将来某个时间发生的动作/计划) ·时间标志词：tomorrow(明天)、next week/month/.year(下周/月/年)、in the future(在未来)、soon (很快)、in three days(三天后) ·主动语态：(1)主语+will+动词原形(2)主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形 (1)We will hold a party next Friday.(2)She is going to buy a new dress tomorrow. ·被动语态：(I)主语+will be+动词过去分词(2)主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词 :(1)A party will be held byus next Friday.(2)Anew dress is going to be bought by her tomorrow. 4.现在进行时（此时此刻正在发生的动作) ·时间标志词：now(现在)、at the moment(此刻)、look(看，句首提示)、listen(听，句首提示) ·主动语态：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词(doing) 例句：(1)I am reading a book now.(2)He is playing the guitar at the moment. ●被动语态：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词 (1)A book is being read by me now.(2)The guitar is being played by him at the moment. 5.过去进行时（过去某个时刻/时间段正在发生的动作) ●时间标志词：at8p.m.yesterday(昨天晚上8点)、this time last week(上周这个时候)、when+ 一般过去时句子 。主动语态：主语+was/were+动词现在分词(doing) (1)She was watching TV at 8 p.m.yesterday.(2)He was reading a newspaper when the phone rang ●被动语态：主语+was/were+-being+动词过去分词 :(1)TV was being watched by her at 8 p.m.yesterday.(2)A newspaper was being read by him when the phone rang 6.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) ·时间标志词：already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段、since+时间点、 so far（到目前为止) ·主动语态：主语+have/has+动词过去分词 (1)I have finished my homework already.(2)He has lived here for 5 years. 3 高中冀教版 【基础动词用法】 动词时态系统讲解 。被动语态：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词 (1)My homework has been finished by me already.(2)This house has been lived in by him for 5 years. 7.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，”过去的过去”) 。时间标志词：by+过去时间点、before+过去时句子、when+一般过去时句子 ·主动语态：主语+had+动词过去分词 (1)He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(2)They had left before I arrived. ·被动语态：主语+had been+动词过去分词 (1)His work had been finished by him by 5 p.m.yesterday.(2)The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived. 知识点三：动词时态系统 1.一般现在时 。表示经常性、习惯性动作→例句：She gets up at6:30 every morning, 。表示客观事实或真理→例句：The earth goes around the sun, ·主语为第三人称单数时动词变化→例句：He plays basketball every weekend. 。用于时间/条件状语从句中表将来→例句：I will call you when she arrives.. 2.一般过去时 ●表示过去发生的动作或状态→例句：They visited the Great Wall last summer. 。标志性时间状语(yesterday,,last week,imn2020等)一→例句：I finished my homework yesterday evening 。动词过去式规则变化(+ed)→例句：He walked to school this morning ·动词过去式不规则变化(go-went,eat-ate等)一例句：She ate an apple just now. 3.一般将来时 ●will+动词原形→例句：I will go to Beijing tomorrow ·be going to+动词原形（计划/打算）→例句：She is going to have a party next Sunday. 。标志性时间状语(tomorrow,next month,in the future等)→例句：We will have a picnic next weekend. 。特殊用法（趋向动词come/go可用现在进行时表将来）一→例句：The bus is coming soon, 考法精析 考法一：现在进行时表将来的判定 高中冀教版 【基础动词用法】 动词时态系统讲解 核心：根据动词类型及上下文语境，识别用现在进行时表示计划/安排近期发生动作的用法 真题1（语法填空）： The plane_(take)off at 6:30 tomorrow morning.We need to arrive at the airport early. 答案：is taking 解析：由动词”take off’(表位移)及时间标志词tomorrow morning”可知，此处表示计划好的将来 动作，用现在进行时表将来；主语为三单，be动词用is,take的现在分词为taking。 真题2（单项选择)： -When_you_to Beijing for the meeting? -Next Monday.My flight is already booked. A.do;go B.will;go C.are;going D.did;go 答案：C 解析：由动词”go”(表位移)及答语”Next Monday”可知，问句询问计划好的将来动作，用现在进 行时表将来；主语为you,be动词用are,go的现在分词为going。 考法二：时态特殊用法与时间状语搭配 核心：结合时态的特殊用法（如一般现在时现在进行时表将来)和时间状语标志，判断动作的时 间逻辑及表达意图 真题1（语法填空）： The plane _(take)off at 6:30 a.m.tomorrow.We need to arrive at the airport early. 答案：tes 解析：由时间标志词“at6:30am.tomorrow”及“飞机起飞”为时刻表客观安排，可知此处用一般 现在时表将来；主语为三单，take用三单形式takes。 真题2（单项选择）： -What are your plans for the weekend? -I_my grandparents with my parents.We have already bought the train tickets. A.visit B.visited C.am visiting D.will have visited 答案：C 解析：由上下文“周末计划”及“已买火车票”可知动作是近期安排好的位移类动词，用现在进行 时表将来，结构为am/is/are+动词-ing;主语为I,be动词用am,visit的-ing形式为visiting。 考法三：时态与被动语态结合及时间状语辨析 核心：结合时间状语判断时态，根据动作承受者确定被动语态，掌握不同时态被动结构的正确运用 真题1（单项选择）： 高中冀教版 【基础动词用法】 动词时态系统讲解 A new bridge_in our city by the end of last year. A.was built B.is built C.had been built D.will be built 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“by the end of last year'”(by叶过去时间点)可知应用过去完成时；主语“a new bridge”是动作“build”的承受者，需用被动语态，过去完成时被动结构为“had been+过去分 词”，build的过去分词为built。 真题2（语法填空）： Many trees_(plant)in the park since 2020.Now it looks more beautiful. 答案：have been planted 解析：时间标志词“since2020”(since+时间点)提示用现在完成时：主语“many trees”是动作 “plant”的承受者，用被动语态，现在完成时被动结构为“have been+过去分词”，plant的过去分词 为planted。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 位移计划现进行，时刻表用一般现： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done” 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 一现被动”am/is/are”,一过被动was/were”: 进行被动要用being”,完成被动have/has/had been'”; 将来被动'will be”,最后加上一个done。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My brother_in Beijing for 5 years,and he still loves the city now. A.lives B.lived C.has lived D.will live 2.When I arrived at the cinema,the movie for 10 minutes. A.started B.had started C.has started D.was starting 3.By the time you return home,I_all the housework. A.finish B.will finish C.will have finished D.am finishing 4.Listen!Someone in the next room.It must be my sister. A.sings B.sang C.is singing D.has sung 6 高中冀教版 【基础动词用法】 动词时态系统讲解 5.The train to Shanghai_at 7:30 a.m.tomorrow.We need to get up early. A.leaves B.will leave C.is leaving D.left 6.-Why are you so tired? -I basketball with my friends for 3 hours. A.play B.played C.have played D.have been playing 7.The museum_by the end of next year,and it will be open to the public. A.will complete B.will be completed C.will have completed D.will have been completed 8.When I was a child,my father often told me that the sun_in the east. A.rises B.rose C.will rise D.is rising 9.By the time she was 10,shethe piano for 5 years. A.learns B.learned C.has learned D.had been learning 10.The flowersevery day,or they will die. A.must water B.must be watered C.must have watered D.must have been watered 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We_(visit)the Great Wall next month if the weather is fine. 2.She _(teach)English in this school since 2018 3.By the time the teacher came in,the students_(stop)talking. 4.Look!The children(fly)kites in the park happily. 5.The meeting_(start)at 9:00 yesterday,but it was delayed for an hour. 6.My parents_(watch)TV when I got home last night. 7.This book_(read)easily,so it is popular among students. 8.By 2025,I(live)in this city for 10 years. 9.The work(must finish)before Friday,or we will be punished. 10.She told me she _(wait)for me at the station for an hour by the time I arrived. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year,I decided to learn how to play the guitar.I-(buy)a second-hand guitar and started taking lessons.My teacher,Mr.Li,(teach)me patiently,and I practiced every day after school.By the end of last month,I_(learn)to play 10 songs. Now,I(practice)for 6 months,and I can even play some difficult pieces.Next week,I-(perform)at the school music festival.I(prepare)for it carefully since last week.My parents are very proud of me, 1 高中冀教版 【基础动词用法】 动词时态系统讲解 and they_(come)to watch the performance. By the time I graduate from high school,I_(play)the guitar for 3 years.I hope I_(become)a good guitarist one day.The guitar(bring)me a lot of happiness,and I will never give it up. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.C5.A6D7D8.A9D10B 演练二： 1.will visit/are going to visit 2.has taught 3.had stopped 4.are flying 5.was supposed to start /started 6.were watching 7.reads 8.will have lived 9.must be finished 10.had been waiting 演练三： 1.bought 2.taught 3.had learned 4.have been practicing 5.will perform am going to perform 6.have been preparing 7.will come are coming 8.will have been playing 9.will become 10.has brought