句法 名词性从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪外版）

高中句法沪外版 【语法专版】 名词性从句全解 语法专版 【专题】名词性从句系统讲解 沪外版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 沪外版高中句法中，名词性从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的25%左右，贯穿试卷所有核 心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、书面表达核心考察，直接影响句子 结构的完整性与逻辑表达。在语境理解类题目中，名词性从句的连接词选择、语序及与其他从句的 区分往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。从句类型辨析：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的引导词选择(that,if/whether,wh-疑 问词)及句法功能判断 ·引导词用法规则：连接代词(what,which,who等)与连接副词(when,where,why,how)的语义区 分与成分担当，hat在从句中的省略条件 ·从句语序及时态：陈述句语序在各类名词性从句中的强制要求，主句与从句时态呼应规则（如主句 过去时从句用相应过去时态) 知识点一：名词性从句的分类及功能 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，常用t作形式主语） 1.连接词类型：hat(无意义，不可省)、whether(是否)、疑问代词(what/who/which)、疑问副词 (when/where/why/how) 2.例句： 。That she passed the exam surprised us all.(that引导主语从句，位于句首) ·It is important whether we can arrive on time..(it作形式主语，whether引导的从句为真正主语) 2.宾语从句（在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语） 1.连接词类型：that(无意义，可省)、whether/if(是否)、疑问代词、疑问副词 1 高中句法沪外版 【语法专版】 名词性从句全解 2.例句： ·She doesn't know what she should do next..(what引导宾语从句，作know的宾语) ·I'm interested in where he spent his childhood.(where引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语) 3.表语从句（在句中作系动词后的表语） 1.连接词类型：hat(不可省)、whether、.疑问代词、疑问副词、as if/as though(好像) 2.例句： ·The fact is that he has never been abroad.(that引导表语从句，说明主语的内容) ·This is how we solved the problem.(how引导表语从句，表方式) 4.同位语从句（在名词后作同位语，解释说明名词的具体内容) l.常见先行词：fact/idea/news/promise//truth/doubt等 2.连接词类型：that(不可省)、whether 3.例句： 。We heard the news that our team won the game.(that引导同位语从句，解释news的内容) 。There is some doubt whether they will come on time.(whether☑引导同位语从句，修饰doubt) 知识点二：名词性从句的分类与用法 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，通常位于句首或用t作形式主语） 1.引导词：that(无意义，不充当成分)、whether/if(是否)、连接代词(what/who/which/whose/whatever 等)、连接副词(when/where/why/how等) 2.基本结构： ·直接作主语：引导词+从句+谓语 ·t作形式主语：It+谓语+引导词+从句 3.例句： ·That the earth goes around the sun is a fact.(that引导，陈述事实，无意义) ·Whether he will come tomorrow is unknown.(whether引导，表'是否'，不能用if) ·What she said made me happy.(what引导，在从句中作宾语，表”…的话) 。It is important that we should learn English well.(it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语) 2.宾语从句（在句中作及物动词、介词或形容词的宾语) 高中句法沪外版 【语法专版】 名词性从句全解 1.引导词：that(可省略，不充当成分)、whether/if（是否)、连接代词(what/who/.which等)、连接副 词(when/where/why等) 2.时态一致：主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情况用任意时态；主句为一般过去时，从句用相应 过去时态（客观真理用一般现在时） 3.语序：陈述语序（主语+谓语) 4.例句： ●I think(hat)he is right..(that引导，作think的宾语，可省略) ·She asked if/whether I could help her.(if/whether引导，作asked的宾语，表”是否') ·He is interested in what she is doing.(what引导，作介词in的宾语，表”…的事”) ·My mother told me that the sun rises in the east.(客观真理，从句用一般现在时) 3.表语从句（在句中作系动词的表语，位于系动词之后） 1.引导词：that(不可省略)、whether(是否，不用if)、连接代词(what/who等)、连接副词(when/where 等)、asif/as though(好像) 2.常见系动词：be、become、seem、look、remain等 3.例句： ·The fact is that he has lied to us..(that引导，作be动词的表语，不可省略) 。The question is whether we can finish the work on time.(whether引导，表”是否”，不用if) ●This is what I want to say.(what引导，在从句中作宾语，表”…的内容’) ·It seems as if it is going to rain.(asif引导，表”好像”) 4.同位语从句（在句中作名词的同位语，解释说明名词的具体内容) l.常见先行词：fact、news、idea、truth、hope、question、suggestion等 2.引导词：that(无意义，不充当成分，不可省略)、whether(是否)、连接副词(when/where/why/how 等) 3.与定语从句的区别：同位语从句中引导词不充当成分，定语从句中引导词充当成分（主语、宾语等） 4.例句： ·We heard the news that our team had won.(that引导，解释news的内容，不充当成分) ·There is no doubt that he will succeed.(that引导，作doubt的同位语) ·I have no idea when she will come back.(when引导，解释idea的内容，在从句中作时间状语) ·The question why he left so early remains unknown.(why引导，解释question的内容，在从句中 作原因状语) 3 高中句法沪外版 【语法专版】 名词性从句全解 知识点三：名词性从句 1.主语从句 1.基础引导词拓展（中考必背）： 。that引导（无意义，不可省）→例句：That she passed the exam made her parents happy. ●whether引导（是否）→例句：Whether he will come tomorrow is unknown. 。what引导（什么/所…的）→例句：What he said is true. ●how引导（如何）一例句：How we can solve the problem is important. ·when引导（何时）→例句：When the meeting will start hasn't been decided, 2.形式主语结构（中考核心)： 。It+be+形容词+that从句→例句：It is necessary that we study hard, 。It+be+名词+that从句→例句：It is a fact that the earth goes around the sun. 2.宾语从句 1.基础引导词分类（中考必背）： 。陈述句用that(可省)一例句：She said(that)she would visit Beijing. 。一般疑问句用if/whether(是否)→例句：Idon't know if he will come. ●特殊疑问句用疑问词(what/when/how等)一→例句：He asked where the library is. 2.语序与时态（中考易错)： 。陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语→例句：Could you tell me how I can get to the station? 。时态一致：主句过去时，从句用过去相关时态→例句：HIe said he was watching TV then: 3.表语从句 1.常见引导词（中考常考)： ●that引导（无意义）→例句：My idea is that we should start early.. 。what引导(…的东西)→例句：This is what I want to say.. ·because引导（因为）→例句：The reason is because he was ill.. 。whether引导（是否)→例句：The question is whether we can finish it. 2.固定句型（中考拓展)： ●The fact is that.,(事实是…)→例句：The fact is that he failed the exam. ·That'swhy…（那就是…的原因)→例句：He got up late,that's why he missed the bus.. 4 高中句法沪外版 【语法专版】 名词性从句全解 4.同位语从句 1.核心引导词hat（中考核心)： 。解释抽象名词(news/idea/fact等)→例句：The news that he won the prize is true.. ·与定语从句区别：that无意义不做成分一例句：We heard the fact that he resigned(同位语从句) vs.We heard the fact that surprised us(定语从句). 2.常见抽象名词搭配（中考拓展）： 。the idea that.…(…的想法)→例句：I have the idea that we should go hiking. ●the belief that…(…的信念)→例句：He holds the belief that hard work leads to success. 考法精析 考法一：连接词that与what的区别 核心：根据从句是否缺成分及语义需求，区分that(无意义、不充当成分)与what(表…的事 物”、充当成分)的用法 真题1（语法填空）： _he said at the meeting surprised everyone present. 答案：What 解析：从句中said缺少宾语，需用what充当成分，意为”他在会议上说的话”：若用that则无法充 当said的宾语，故填What。 真题2（单项选择)： The fact_she won the competition made her parents proud. A.that B.what C.which D.how 答案：A 解析：从句'she won the competition'”结构完整（主语she,谓语won,宾语the competition),不缺 成分，需用that仅起连接作用，引导同位语从句解释fact的内容，故选A。 考法二：连接词选择与时态一致综合考查 核心：结合名词性从句连接词的语法功能（是否充当成分、是否表”是否”等）及主从句时态一致 原则，选择正确连接词并填对从句谓语时态 真题1（语法填空）： She asked meI_(finish)my homework before she came back. 答案：if/whether;had finished 解析：第一空引导宾语从句表”是否'，可用if或whether:第二空主句谓语asked为过去时，从句 5 高中句法沪外版 【语法专版】 名词性从句全解 动作finish发生在came back之前，即'过去的过去”，用过去完成时，had finished。 真题2（单项选择)： -the scientists_(discover)so far is of great importance to our research. A.That:have discovered B.What:have discovered C.What;discovered D.That;discovered 答案：B 解析：第一空引导主语从句且在从句中作discover的宾语，用what(that不充当成分)；第二空so far为现在完成时标志词，从句用have discovered。 考法三：名词性从句的综合运用（连接词选择、时态一致与被动语态） 核心：结合语境判断名词性从句类型，正确选择连接词，遵循时态一致原则并灵活运用被动语态。 真题1（单项选择)： She asked me the work by the end of last month. A.if finished B.whether had been finished C.that was finished D.when has finished 答案：B 解析：第一空引导宾语从句表示”是否”，用whether/if:第二空工作被完成”需用被动语态，主句为过 去时(asked),从句用相应过去时态，"by the end of last month'表过去完成时，故用had been finished。. 真题2（语法填空)： It is reported that a new hospital(build)in our city next year.The newswe will have better medical care makes everyone happy. 答案：will be built:that 解析：第一空为主语从句，”医院被建造”用被动语态，由”next year”可知用一般将来时被动语态 will be built:第二空引导同位语从句解释news内容，连接词that不可省。 解题小妙招 连接词选择妙招 连接词选that/wat,先看从句缺成分： that无意义不充当，成分完整它登场： what表…的事物'，主宾表缺它补上： whether/if表”是否”，介词后只用whether; 连接代词(what/which/who等)充当成分，连接副词(how/when/where等)作状语不缺主宾。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 6 高中句法沪外版 【语法专版】 名词性从句全解 1.he will come to the party depends on his work schedule A That B What C Whether DIf 2.The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun is a scientific fact A that B what Cif Dwhich 3.I can't remember I put my keys yesterday A that B what C where D who 4.she said at the meeting moved everyone present A That B What CHow DWhy 5.The problem is we can solve it within such a short time Athat B what C whether D if 6.There is no doubt he will pass the exam with good grades A that B what Cif D whether 7.breaks the school rules will be punished A Whoever B Whatever C Whichever D However 8.My parents are interested inI have made new friends at college Athat B what Cif 高中句法沪外版 【语法专版】 名词性从句全解 Dwhether 9._she needs most now is a good rest AThat B What CHow DWhy 10.We haven't decidedwe will hold the sports meeting A that B what C when Dwhich 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.It is importantwe should learn English well 2.I wonder he will come to the party tomorrow 3.he said made me very angry 4.The news_our team won the game made us excited 5.She asked me I had seen her bag 6.will go to the concert with me hasn't been decided yet 7.The fact_she failed the exam surprised everyone 8.I don't knowhe will arrive 9.-you have done is very helpful 10.The question_we should accept the offer needs to be discussed 演练三：语法填空试题 1.Scientists have been debating_1intelligent life exists beyond Earth. 2.Some believe2we will make contact with extraterrestrial civilizations in the near future. 3.They point to_3we have discovered many exoplanets in recent years. 4.Others argue_4there is no evidence to support this claim yet. 5.The debate centers on5we can detect signs of life on other planets. 6.6 makes this challenging is the vast distance between stars. 7.Even if alien civilizations exist,_7we can communicate with them remains uncertain. 8.Recent advances in technology have raised hopes_8we might soon find answers. 8 高中句法沪外版 【语法专版】 名词性从句全解 9.Telescopes are now powerful enough to analyze_9planets have atmospheres. 10.Some scientists predict_10_we will discover microbial life within the next decade. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.A3.C4.B5.C6.A7.A8.D9B10.C 演练二：1.that2..if/whether3.What4.that5.if/whether6.Who7.that8.when9.What 10.whether 演练三：1.whether2.that3.what4.that5.how6.What7.whether8.that9.whether10.that 9