句法 定语从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪外版）

高中句法沪外版 定语从句系统讲解语法全解 语法专项 定语从句系统讲解 沪外版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 沪外版高中句法中，定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心 题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（核心考察，直接影 响句子结构复杂度与信息丰富度)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词、关系副词的选择及非限制性 定语从句的用法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。引导词选用：关系代词(that、which、who、whom、whose)与关系副词(when、where、why)的 指代对象及句法功能辨析 ·限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及引导词选择(tht不可用于非限定 性定语从句) 。特殊用法：“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的搭配规律，as引导定语从句的固定句式(such.as、the same.as),以及先行词为way、time等时的引导词省略情况 知识点一：定语从句的构成及分类 1.基本构成（主句+关系词+定语从句) 1.核心要素： ·先行词（被修饰的名词/代词) 。关系词（连接主句和从句，指代先行词并在从句中作成分） ·例句： 1.I like the book which you bought yesterday.(先行词the book,关系代词which在从句中作宾 语) 2.This is the girl who helped me.(先行词the girl,关系代词who在从句中作主语) 2.关系代词的用法（指代人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语)： 高中句法沪外版 定语从句系统讲解语法全解 。指人：who(主语/宾语)、whom(宾语)、whose(定语，表所属) 例句： The teacher who teaches us math is very kind.(who作主语) 口The boy whom you met yesterday is my brother..(whom作宾语) 口This is the student whose mother is a doctor.(whose作定语) 。指物：which(主语/宾语)、that(主语/宾语，可指人或物) 例句： 口The pen which is on the desk is mine.(which作主语) 口This is the house that we visited last week.(that作宾语) 3.关系副词的用法（指代时间/地点/原因，在从句中作状语)： ·when(时间状语)、where(地点状语)、why(原因状语) 例句： 口I still remember the day when we first met.(when作时间状语，先行词the day) 口This is the school where I studied ten years ago.(where作地点状语，先行词the school) 口The reason why he was late is clear.(why作原因状语，先行词the reason) 4.限制性与非限制性定语从句（根据与先行词的逻辑关系分类）： ·限制性（不可省略，修饰限定先行词） 例句：Students who work hard will succeed.(限定“努力的学生”) ·非限制性（用逗号隔开，补充说明先行词，可省略） 例句：My father,.who is a doctor,often works late.（补充说明“我的父亲”，不影响主句基本意思) 知识点二：定语从句基础及应用 1.定语从句的构成（修饰名词代词的从句） 1.核心要素： 。先行词（被修饰的名词/代词）+关系词（连接主句和从句，指代先行词） 2.关系代词（指代人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语)： 。指人：who（主语/宾语)、whom(宾语)、whose(定语，“.…的”) 。指物：which(主语/宾语)、that(主语/宾语，可指人或物) 3.关系副词（指代时间/地点/原因，在从句中作状语）： ·when(时间，先行词为时间名词) ·where(地点，先行词为地点名词) ·why(原因，先行词为reason) 2.关系代词的用法 2 高中句法沪外版 定语从句系统讲解语法全解 1.who/whom(指人)： ·作主语(who):The girl who is singing is my sister.（正在唱歌的女孩是我妹妹。) 。作宾语(who/whom,可省略)：The man(whom/who)you met yesterday is a teacher.(你昨天遇到 的那个男人是老师。) 2.whose（指人/物，作定语)： ·指人：This is the boy whose father is a doctor.(这是那个爸爸是医生的男孩。) 。指物：I have a book whose cover is red.(我有一本封面是红色的书。) 3.which/.that(指物)： ●作主语（不可省略）：The river which/that runs through the city is very clean.(穿过城市的那条河 很干净。) 。作宾语（可省略）：The story(which/.that)she told me is interesting.(她给我讲的故事很有趣。) 3.关系副词的用法 1.when(时间状语)： 。先行词为时间名词（如day,year,time):I still remember the day when I first came to this school.(我 仍然记得第一次来这所学校的那天。) 2.where(地点状语)： 。先行词为地点名词（如place,.city,room):This is the park where we played last Sunday.(这是我们 上周日玩耍的公园。) 3.why（原因状语，先行词为reason): ·The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(他迟到的原因是错过了公交车。) 4.只用that不用which的情况 1.先行词被序数词(first,second)、最高级(best,most)修饰时：This is the first book that I bought..(这 是我买的第一本书。) 2.先行词为all,everything,nothing,something等不定代词时：Everything that he said is true.(他说的所 有话都是真的。) 3.先行词既有人又有物时：I can see the girl and her dog that are running over there.(我能看到正在那边 跑的女孩和她的狗。) 5.只用which不用that的情况 I.引导非限制性定语从句（用逗号与主句隔开，修饰整个主句或先行词）：She passed the exam,which made her parents very happy.(她通过了考试，这让她父母很开心。) 3 高中句法沪外版 定语从句系统讲解语法全解 2.关系代词前有介词时：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.(这是我两年前住过的房子。) 6.定语从句的注意事项 1.关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略，但作主语时不可省略： ·正确：The book(that)I read yesterday is good.(作宾语，可省略that) ·错误：The book is good I read yesterday.(缺关系词，从句无主语) 2.避免重复：先行词在从句中不再出现，由关系词指代： ·正确：The girl who is wearing a red dress is Mary.(who指代the girl,从句中不再出现the girl) ·错误：The girl who she is wearing a red dress is Mary..(重复出现she) 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（中考核心） 1.指人： ·who/whom→先行词为人，who在从句中作主语/宾语，whom作宾语（可省略） →例句：This is the girl who helped me yesterday.(作主语) →例句：The boy(whom)we met just now is my cousin.(作宾语，可省略) 。wh0se→先行词为人物，在从句中作定语，表示“…的” →例句：Do you know the boy whose father is a doctor?(指人) →例句：I have a book whose cover is red.(指物) 2.指物： 。which→先行词为物，在从句中作主语/宾语 →例句：The pen which is on the des冰ismine.(作主语) →例句：This is the story(which)I read last week.（作宾语，可省略) ·hat→先行词为人/物，在从句中作主语/宾语（口语中常用，可替代who/which,但介词后不可 用) →例句：He is the man that lives next door.(指人，作主语) →例句：The film that we watched yesterday was interesting..(指物，作宾语，可省略) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（中考常考) 1.时间： ·when→先行词为时间名词（如time,day,year等），在从句中作时间状语 →例句：I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 2.地点： 4 高中句法沪外版 定语从句系统讲解语法全解 。where→先行词为地点名词（如place,school,city等），在从句中作地点状语 →例句：This is the park where we played last Sunday.. 3.原因： 。why一→先行词为reason,在从句中作原因状语（常可省略） →例句：Do you know the reason why he was late? 3.定语从句的注意事项（中考易错） 1.先行词为人时，关系代词用who/whom/hat,不用which:先行词为物时，用which./hat,不用who →错误：The girl which is singing is my sister..(应改为who/that) →正确：The girl who is singing is my sister.. 2.关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，但作主语时不可省略 一例句：The teacher(whom/who/that)we met yesterday is very kind.(作宾语，可省略) →例句：The teacher who/that teaches us English is from America.(作主语，不可省略) 3.当先行词被the only,.the first,the last,,all,any,no等词修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which →例句：This is the only book that I need. →例句：He was the first student that arrived at school. 考法精析 考法一：关系代词that与which的用法区别 核心：根据先行词的类型、修饰词及从句是否为限制性从句，判断使用that还是which 真题1（语法填空）： This is the best film I have ever seen. 答案：that 解析：先行词film被形容词最高级best修饰，只能用hat引导定语从句。 真题2（完形填空）： The city,-is known for its beautiful gardens,attracts millions of tourists every year. A.that B.which C.who D.where 答案：B 解析：引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词city(物)，只能用which。 考法二：关系代词that与which的用法区别及定语从句与强调句的转换 核心：掌握that与which的特殊用法场景，能区分定语从句和强调句并进行句式转换 真题1（语法填空)： Everything_we saw in the museum was interesting 答案：that 解析：先行词为不定代词Everything,根据知识点二，先行词为all、everything等不定代词时，关 5 高中句法沪外版 定语从句系统讲解语法全解 系代词只能用that。 真题2（单选题）： It was the house_I lived two years ago. A.which B.that C.where D.in that 答案：C 解析：此句为定语从句，先行词the house在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where;若用“介词 +关系代词”结构应为in which,选项D中in that表述错误，所以选C。 考法三：定语从句关系词综合选择与句式转换 核心：结合先行词指代对象（人/物/时间/地点）、从句成分（主语/宾语/状语）及限制性与非限制性 语境，综合判断关系词，并掌握基础句式转换技巧 真题1（单项选择）： This is the school-I studied ten years ago.It has changed a lot now. A.which B.where C.when D.whose 答案：B 解析：先行词“he school”为地点名词，从句“I studied ten years ago”中不缺主语和宾语，需用关 系副词作地点状语，故选where。 真题2（语法填空)： My brother,_works in Beijing,will come back next week.We haven't seen each other for a year. 答案：who 解析：逗号前后为补充说明关系，构成非限制性定语从句：先行词“My brother”指人，从句中缺 少主语，故用关系代词wh0。 解题小妙招 that which用法妙招 先行词有最高级，不定代词要牢记，只能用that来代替： 非限从句逗号隔，指代事物或整句，wich引导是唯一： 指物主语句中坐，that which均可使： 介词提前关系代，which能用that不行； 分隔定从找先行，逻辑关系是核心： 强调句型it is/was,去掉结构意不变，that which要辨清。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the only bookI need for the exam 6 高中句法沪外版 定语从句系统讲解语法全解 A.which B.that C.what D.who 2.The girl_hair is red comes from Canada A.whom B.which C.whose D.who 3.He still remembers the dayhe first met his wife. A.when B.that C.where D.which 4.My brother,-works in a hospital,will visit us next week A.who B.that C.which D.whom 5.This is the same story_I heard from my father. A.which B.as C.that D.what 6.The reason_he failed the exam is not clear A.when B.why C.which D.where 7.It was in the parkwe had a picnic last Sunday A.where B.that C.which D.when 8.The house_windows face south is mine. A.which B.that C.whose D.where 9.I don't like the wayhe talks to his parents. A.which B.how C.in that D. 10.He has three sons,two-are doctors A.of whom B.of which C.whom D.which 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The man_is standing at the door is my uncle. 2.This is the school_I studied five years ago. 3.The book_cover is blue was written by Mo Yan. 4.I'll never forget the day_we won the game. 5.He gave me a reason_I couldn't accept 6.Everything_he said was true. 7.My sister,lives in Beijing,sent me a gift. 8.The pen_I bought yesterday is lost. 9.This is the first timeI have visited Shanghai. 10.We visited the village_many old traditions are kept. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） > 高中句法沪外版 定语从句系统讲解语法全解 Jane is a student_(1)loves reading.She often goes to the library_(2)she can find many interesting books.Last week,she borrowed a novel-(3)author is a famous American writer.The story is about a girl-(4)family moved to a small town.Jane was deeply moved by the girl's courage,-(5)made her think a lot about life. The library,-(6)was built in 1990,has a large collection of books.There are times-(7)Jane stays there all day.She says the best part is the quiet environment_(8)she can focus on reading.Her favorite book is *To Kill a Mockingbird*,-(9)she has read twice.It was the first novel_(10)taught her about justice and kindness. 参考答案 演练-：1.B2.C3.A4.A5B6.B7B8.C9D10.A 演练二：1.who/that2.where3.whose4.when5.which/that6.that7.who8.which/that(或省略)9.that(或 省略)10.where 演练三：1.who/that2.where3.whose4.whose5.which6.which7.when8.where9.which10.that P