特殊结构与综合语法 强调与倒装系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 寒假专版 【专题】强调与倒装系统讲解 语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，强调与倒装是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左 右，贯穿试卷核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空1-2题、语法填空2-3题、阅读理解（复杂句 式理解辅助)。在结构分析类题目中，强调句型的判断、倒装的语序及固定搭配往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分的结构识别与判断 ·倒装结构：完全倒装(here/there引导句型等)与部分倒装（否定词置于句首、only+状语置于句首 等)的构成规则 。语境应用：强调与倒装在书面表达和阅读理解中的语义突出功能及语法正确性判断 知识点一：强调与倒装的基本结构及用法 1.强调句（突出被强调部分） 。基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分（主语/宾语/状语）+that/who+其他部分（强调人时可用who,其 他情况用that) 。例句： 1.It was Tom that/who won the competition.(强调主语Tom) 2.It was in the park that I met her yesterday.(强调地点状语in the park) 2.部分倒装（将助动词/情态动词/系动词提到主语前) 。常见触发词：否定词(never/seldom/rarely/no sooner.than等)、only+状语、so/such.that结构(so/such 置于句首时) 。例句： l.Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(否定词never置于句首，助动词have提到主语I前) 1 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 2.Only in this way can we solve the problem.(only+状语置于句首，情态动词can提到主语we前) 3.完全倒装（将谓语动词完全提到主语前，主语多为名词） 。常见情况：表示地点/方位的副词(here/there/out/in/up/down等)或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名 词时 ·例句： l.Here comes the bus.(副词here置于句首，谓语comes提到主语the bus前) 2.On the top of the hill stands a tall tree.(介词短语On the top of the hill置于句首，谓语stands提 到主语a tall tree前) 知识点二：强调句型与倒装结构 1.强调句型（强调句子中的主语、宾语、状语） 1.基本结构 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分（被强调部分为人时可用who,其他情况用that) 例句： l.It is Tom who/that helped me yesterday.(强调主语Tom) 2.It was in the park that I met her..(强调地点状语in the park) 3.It was a book that he bought last week.(强调宾语a book) 2.注意事项 去掉Itis/was和that/who后，句子仍完整（如：Tom helped me yesterday../I met her in the park.) 2.部分倒装（将助动词/情态动词/系动词提到主语前） l.否定词位于句首时(never,hardly,seldom,not only...but also..等) 结构：否定词+助动词情态动词/系动词+主语+动词原形 例句： l.Never have I seen such a beautiful place.(否定词never位于句首，助动词have提前) 2.Hardly had he arrived when it began to rain.(否定词hardly位于句首，助动词had提前) 2.”Oly+状语”位于句首时 结构：Oly+状语+助动词情态动词/系动词+主语+动词原形 例句： 1.Only in this way can we solve the problem.(Only+介词短语in this way位于句首，情态动词cam 提前) 2.Only when he came back did I know the truth.(Only+时间状语从句when he came back位于句 首，助动词did提前) 2 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 3.完全倒装（将谓语动词完全提到主语前，主语多为名词） l.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时(in front of,,on the hill,.under the tree等) 结构：地点介词短语+谓语动词+主语（名词） 例句： 1.In front of the house stands a big tree.(地点短语in front of the house位于句首，谓语stands提前， 主语a big tree为名词) 2.On the wall hang two maps.(地点短语on the wall位于句首，谓语hang提前，主语two maps为 名词) 2.表示方向的副词位于句首时(here,there,out,in,up,dowm等) 结构：副词+谓语动词+主语（名词，主语为代词时不倒装） 例句： l.Here comes the bus..(副词here位于句首，谓语comes提前，主语the bus为名词) 2.There goes the bell.(副词there位于句首，谓语goes提前，主语he bell为名词) 3.Here he comes.（主语he为代词，不倒装) 知识点三：强调句型与倒装结构 1.强调句型（中考核心） 。基础结构拓展（必背）： l.It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他一例句：It was Tom who broke the window yesterday (强调人用who) 2.It is/was+时间状语+that+其他一→例句：It was in2020 that we moved to this city.. 3.It is/was+地点状语+that+其他→例句：It is in the park that we often meet. 4.Itis/was+原因状语+that+其他→例句：It was because of the rain that the match was canceled, 。特殊考点（易错)： 1.强调句的疑问形式：Was it Tom who broke the window? 2.强调句与定语从句的区分：It was the park where wemet.(定语从句，where不可省略)vs It was in the park that we met..(强调句，that可省略) 2.倒装结构（中考常考) ·完全倒装（谓语+主语)： l.There be+主语→例句：There is a book on the desk. 2.副词开头：Here comes the bus!(车来了) 3 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 3.方位词开头：Out rushed the children.(孩子们冲了出去) ·部分倒装（助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语）： l.否定词开头：Never have I seen such a beautiful place..(我从未见过如此美丽的地方) 2.”Only叶状语'开头：Only then did I realize my mistake..(直到那时我才意识到错误) 3.So/Neither/Nor开头：He likes English,so do I.(他喜欢英语，我也是) 4.让步状语从句：Hard as he worked,he didn't pass the exam.（尽管他努力学习，还是没通过考试) 3.强调与倒装的综合运用（语法填空/书面表达） 。强调句与倒装结合：It was only when I left home that I realized how much I loved my family..(强调时 间状语，only置于从句开头无需倒装) 。倒装在写作中的提升：Not only does exercise keep us healthy,but it also helps us relax.(不仅锻炼能保 持健康，还能帮助放松) ·易错对比：Here he comes.(主语是代词时不倒装)vs Here comes the teacher.(主语是名词时倒装) 考法精析 考法一：强调句结构辨析 核心：根据强调句基本结构It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，判断被强调成分及连接 词使用 真题1（语法填空）： It was yesterday I met my old friend in the supermarket. 答案：that 解析：本句为强调句，强调时间状语”yesterday”,非指人，故连接词用that。 真题2（单项选择)： It was Tom_helped me with my English homework last night. A who B which Cwhom D whose 答案：A 解析：强调句中被强调部分为Tom”(指人)，作主语，连接词用who。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语与倒装的结合 核心：识别非谓语动词短语置于句首时是否触发倒装，结合非谓语动词的主动/被动关系及倒装规 则判断正确形式 真题1（语法填空)： 4 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 _(see)from the hilltop,rarely_such a beautiful sunrise. 答案：Seen will we see 解析：第一空Seen”为过去分词作状语，逻辑主语为后面句子的主语we”,表示被动关系”被从山 顶看”；第二空否定词rarely”置于句首，句子需部分倒装，将助动词”wilI”提到主语”we”前。 真题2（单选题)： To improve English,_ A.listening practice should be done daily B.should we do listening practice daily C.we should do listening practice daily D.is listening practice done daily 答案：C 解析：句首To improve English”为不定式作目的状语，此时句子无需倒装，应用正常语序，主语”we” 后接情态动词'should,故选C。 考法三：强调句与倒装结构的综合辨析及应用 核心：区分强调句与倒装结构的不同特征，掌握强调句'It is/was+被强调部分+that/who”的基本结 构及”去掉Itis/was和that/who后句子仍完整”的验证方法，同时能识别部分倒装（否定词/Only+ 状语置于句首时助动词情态动词提前)和完全倒装（地点副词/介词短语置于句首时谓语动词提前， 主语为代词时不倒装)的触发条件及句式变化。 真题1（单项选择)： -was it-he found the lost key yesterday A Where that B It where C What that D When which 答案：A 解析：根据句式结构及选项特征，判断为强调句的特殊疑问形式，其结构为”疑问词+is/was+it+that+ 其他部分”。本句对地点状语提问，疑问词用where,.强调句结构中第二空需填that,构成Where was it that..”,符合强调句”去掉It was和hat后句子仍完整”的特征（完整句子为Where did he find the lost key yesterday”),故答案选A。 真题2（语法填空)： Only when the teacher came in_(be)the students quiet.Here_(come)the bus 答案：were comes 解析：第一空，"Only+时间状语从句when the teacher came in'”置于句首，主句需用部分倒装，主 语the students为复数，结合从句时态came(一般过去时)，be动词用were并提前：第二空，副词 Here置于句首，主语the bus为名词，需用完全倒装，主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词come用第三 人称单数形式comes,构成'Here comes the bus'”。 5 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 解题小妙招 强调句解题妙招 强调句型t开头，被强调部分辨分明： 指人用who或that,物与状语that才行： 去掉it be that//who,句子完整是特征。 倒装解题妙招 句首否定副/介短，部分倒装助动前： only加状放句首，助动提前主谓颠： here/there/now/then,全倒主谓位置换： 非谓开头表目的，正常语序莫倒装。 非谓语解题妙招 非谓形式有三类，todo/doing/done: 不定式表目或将来，动词后接要记牢： 动名词作宾或主语，介词之后也常用： 过去分词表被动，完成状态要分清。 综合运用妙招 强调倒装加非谓，先拆结构再分析： 非谓先看搭配词，todo/doing辨仔细； 强调句型看时态，that/who连接莫忘记； only/否定置句首，倒装助动提前记。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.It was in the small villagehe spent his childhoodhe learned to play the piano. A which where B where that C that which D that where 2.Only after finishing the experiment-the importance of careful observation. A he realized B did he realize Crealized he Dhad he realized 3.-the project on time,the team worked day and night. A Completing B To complete C Completed D Having completed 4.Such-the bad weather that all flights had to be canceled. Awas Bis Cwere Dare 5.It was not until midnight the noise in the neighborhood stopped. A that B when Cwhich D where 6 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 6.-by the beauty of nature,the tourists decided to stay for another two days. A Attracting B Attracted C To attract D Having attracted 7.Not only-speak English fluently,but also she can communicate in French. A she can B can she Cshe could D could she 8.The teacher told us_(not talk)during the exam,but some students still ignored the warning. A don't talk B not talk Cnot to talk D not talking 9.It is no use _about the mistake;we should find a way to correct it A complain B to complain C complaining D complained 10.Here_the bus!Let's hurry up. A come B comes C coming Dto come 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.It was Tom_(help)me with my math homework yesterday. 2.Never_I seen such a wonderful performance before. 3.(learn)English well,we need to practice every day. 4.Only by working hard_we achieve our goals. 5.The book(write)by Lu Xun is still popular today. 6.It was not until she arrived home_she remembered to call her mother 7.-(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks like a big garden. 8.So fast he run that I couldn't catch up with him. 9.My parents always encourage me(follow)my dreams. 10.On the wall(hang)a beautiful painting painted by my grandfather. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) It was a cold winter morning.-(walk)along the street,I saw an old man-(sell)newspapers.He looked very tired,so I decided to buy one.As I handed him the money,I noticed his hands_(tremble)with cold. “Thank you,young man,,”he said with a smile. I couldn'thelp(think)about his life.It was not until I got home-I realized I had forgotten to ask for his name.Only then_I understand that small acts of kindness can make a big difference. Later,I told my mother about the oldman.She praised me for_(help)him and said,"(care)for others isthe true meaning of life."(inspire)by her words,I decided to volunteer at alocal charity everyweekend. That experience taught me that_(give)is better than taking,and that even the smallest actions can warm 7 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 someone's heart. 答案区 演练-：1B2B3B4.A5.A6.B7B8.C9.C10.B 1.who/thathelped2.have 3.To learn 4.can/will 5.written 6.that 7.Seen 8.does 9.to follow 10.hangs 1.Walking 2.selling 3.trembling 4.thinking 5.that 6.did 7.helping 8.To care/Caring 9.Inspired 10.giving