句法 名词性从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 句法知识点全解 寒假专版 名词性从句系统讲解 句法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版高中句法中，名词性从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核 心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-3题、阅读理解（长难句分析关键）、书面 表达（提升句式复杂度与逻辑性的核心要素）。在语境理解与结构分析类题目中，名词性从句的连 接词选用、语序及与主句的逻辑关系往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。从句类型识别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句的结构特征与功能辨析 。连接词选用：that、if/whether、wh-类连接词(what、who、which、when、where、.why、how)的语 法功能与语义匹配 ·语序与时态：陈述句语序的坚持，主句与从句时态呼应规则（如主句过去时从句用相应过去时态） 知识点一：名词性从句的分类及基础用法 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，通常位于句首或用t作形式主语） 1.连接词类型： 。hat(无意义，不充当成分) 。whether/if(是否) ●连接代词(what/who/which/whose/whatever等) ·连接副词(when/where/why/how等) 2.例句： 。That she will come tomorrow is certain.(that引导，无意义) 。What he said surprised everyone.(what引导，在从句中作宾语) ·It is important whether we can finish the work on time.(it作形式主语，whether引导真正主语从句) 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 句法知识点全解 2.宾语从句（在句中作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语) 1.连接词类型： ●that(可省略) ●whether/if(是否) ·连接代词、连接副词（同主语从句） 2.例句： 。I think(hat)he is right.(that引导，可省略) ●She asked me if/whether I knew the answer.(if/whether表是否) ●We are talking about where we will go for vacation..(where引导，作介词about的宾语) 3.表语从句（在句中作系动词的表语，位于系动词之后） 1.连接词类型： ·hat(不可省略) ·whether（是否，不用if) ·连接代词、连接副词（同主语从句） 2.例句： ·The fact is that he has never been to Beijing.(that引导，不可省略) ●The question is whether we should accept the offer.(whether表是否) ●This is how he solved the problem.(how引导，表方式) 4.同位语从句（在句中作名词的同位语，解释说明该名词的具体内容，通常位 于抽象名词后) 1.常见先行词：fact/news/idea/thought/question/problem/belief/truth等 2.连接词类型： ·ht(无意义，不充当成分，不可省略) ●whether ·连接副词(when/where/why等) 3.例句： ●We heard the news that our team had won the game.(that引导，解释news的内容) ·There is no doubt that he will succeed..(that引导，解释doubt的内容) 。I have no idea when she will return.(when引导，解释idea的内容) 2 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 句法知识点全解 知识点二：名词性从句分类及用法 1.主语从句（在句中作主语，常位于句首或用t作形式主语） 1.引导词： 。hat(无意义，不充当成分) 。whether(是否) ●what(什么，指物) 。who(谁，指人) 。which(哪一个) 。how(如何) 。why(为什么) 2.基本结构： ·直接作主语：引导词+陈述句语序+谓语 ·用t作形式主语：t+谓语+引导词+陈述句语序 3.例句： ·That he will come tomorrow is certain.(that引导主语从句，无意义，不充当成分) ·Whether we can finish the work on time depends on our effort.(whether表'是否'，引导主语从句) 。It is important what he said at the meeting.(it作形式主语，what引导的从句是真正主语，在从句 中作宾语) 2.宾语从句（在句中作及物动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语) 1.引导词： 。hat(可省略，无意义) ·if/whether(是否) ●连接代词(what/who/which/.whose) 。连接副词(when/where/why/how) 2.时态规则： ·主句为一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用任意时态 ·主句为一般过去时，从句用相应过去时态（客观真理用一般现在时） 3.语序要求：必须用陈述句语序（主语在前，谓语在后） 4.例句： 。I think(hat)she is a good student..(that引导宾语从句，可省略) 3 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 句法知识点全解 ·He asked if/whether we would go to the park.(if/whether表”是否'，引导宾语从句) ●She is interested in what he is doing.(what引导宾语从句，在从句中作宾语，位于介词in后) ·My mother told me that the earth goes around the sun.(客观真理，从句用一般现在时) 3.表语从句（在句中作系动词的表语，位于系动词后） 1.引导词： ·hat(无意义，不可省略) 。whether（是否) 。what(什么) ·who(谁) 。which(哪一个) ●as if/as though（好像) ·because(因为) 2.常见系动词：be（是)、look(看起来)、seem(似乎)、become(变得)、remain(保持) 3.例句： ·The fact is that he has never been to Beijing.(that叼引导表语从句，不可省略) ·The question is whether we should accept the invitation.(whether表'是否'，引导表语从句) ·That's why she was late for school..(why引导表语从句，表原因) ·It looks as if it is going to rain.(asif引导表语从句，表”好像) 4.同位语从句（用于解释说明前面名词的具体内容，常跟在fact,news,idea, question,.belief等名词后) 1.引导词： 。hat(无意义，不充当成分，不可省略) ●whether(是否) 2.与定语从句的区别： ·同位语从句是对名词的内容进行解释，that不充当成分 。定语从句是对名词进行修饰限定，that充当主语或宾语 3.例句： 。The news that our team won the game made us excited.(that引导同位语从句，解释news的内容， hat不充当成分) ●I have no idea whether he will come or not.(whether引导同位语从句，解释idea的内容) 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 句法知识点全解 ·The fact that he told me yesterday is very important.(that引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语，可省略， 修饰fact) 知识点三：名词性从句 1.宾语从句（中考核心) 1.基础连接词及用法（中考必背）： 。that(无意义，可省略)→例句：I think(hat)she is a good student.. 。if/whether(是否)→例句：He asks if/whether we will go to the zoo. 。what(什么)→例句：She doesn't know what to buy. 。when（何时)→例句：Can you tell me when the party will start? ●where(何地)→例句：They want to know where he lives. 。how(如何)→例句：Please show me how to use the machine.. ●why(为何)→例句：Idon't understand why he was late. 2.主语从句（中考常考) 1.常用结构及连接词（中考易错）： ●That+陈述句+谓语→例句：That he passed the exam makes his parents happy. ·What+陈述句+谓语→例句：What she said is very important. 。It+be+adj.+that从句→例句：It is true that he won the game. ●It+be+n.+that从句一→例句：It is a fact that the earth is round 3.表语从句（中考基础) 1.连接词及用法（中考必备）： 。hat(无意义，不可省略)→例句：The truth is that he didn't tell a lie ·because(因为)→例句：The reason is because he was ill. 。what(…的东西)→例句：This is what I want to say. 。how(如何)→例句：The problem is how we can solve it. ●whether（是否)一例句：The question is whether we should go now. 考法精析 考法一：连接词hat与what的区别 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 句法知识点全解 核心：根据从句是否缺少成分及连接词是否需承担语法功能，区分使用that(无意义不充当成分) 与what(表”…的事物”且充当成分) 真题1（语法填空)： The villagers believed_the government would help them rebuild their homes after the flood. 答案：that 解析：从句'the government would help them.”成分完整，连接词仅起连接作用，无实际意义，故填that。 真题2（单项选择)： -he said at the meeting surprised all of us. A.That B.What C.Which D.Where 答案：B 解析：从句缺少主语，需用连接代词what(指代”他在会议上所说的内容”)充当主语；that不充当 成分，which表选择，where表地点，均不符合语境，故选B。 考法二：连接词选择与时态呼应复合考查 核心：结合名词性从句连接词的语法功能（是否充当成分、是否表疑问等）及主从句时态呼应规 则（主句时态对从句时态的限制），综合判断正确选项 真题1（语法填空）： She asked meI(see)the movie the night before. 答案：if/whether;had seen 解析：第一空引导宾语从句表”是否”，可用if或whether;第二空主句谓语asked为过去时，从句 时间状语'he night before'”表示过去的过去，故用过去完成时had seen。 真题2（单项选择)： The teacher told us_the eartharound the sun. A.that;goes B.what;goes C.that;went D.what;went 答案：A 解析：第一空引导宾语从句，从句成分完整且无疑问意义，用tht:第二空从句表述客观真理，时 态不受主句过去时影响，仍用一般现在时goes。 考法三：名词性从句引导词选择与语序、时态综合应用 核心：结合从句类型判断引导词，确保陈述语序，遵循时态呼应规则（主句过去时从句用过去相关 时态，客观真理除外) 真题1（单项选择)： She asked me I would go to the park with her the next day. A.that B.if C.what D.where 6 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 句法知识点全解 答案：B 解析：空格处引导宾语从句，根据语境'是否和她去公园”表疑问，应用if/whether;that无意义不 表疑问，what/where在从句中需充当成分，此处从句结构完整，故选B。 真题2（语法填空）： It is a fact_the earth(go)around the sun 答案：that:goes 解析：第一空引导同位语从句解释fact内容，用tht且不可省略；第二空从句描述客观真理，时态 不受主句is影响，仍用一般现在时，主语the earth为第三人称单数，go用goes。 解题小妙招 连接词选择妙招 缺不缺成分是关键，不缺成分用hat: 缺成分表事物，what来充当： 是否含义要区分，whether/.if来帮忙： 句首主语从句表是否，whether必须上。 时态呼应妙招 主句过去从句随，客观真理一般现： 是否标志看时间，过去过去had done: 连接词后接从句，时态搭配要恰当。 综合应用妙招 名词性从句先分类，主宾表同要辨清： 连接词选看成分，hat无义不充当： what缺成分表内容，whether/if表疑问： 时态呼应遵规则，客观真理永不变： 复杂语境分层次，省略结构要记牢。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题 1.-he will arrive on time depends on the traffic condition A.That B.What C.Whether D.Where 2.The teacher asked us _we had finished our homework A.that B.what C.if D.which 7 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 句法知识点全解 3.My parents always tell me-honesty is the best policy A.that B.what C.how D.why 4.We are discussing-we should go for a picnic this weekend A.that B.if C.whether D.where 5.The news_our team won the game made us excited A.that B.what C.when D.how 6.I don't knowhe will come or not A.that B.if C.whether D.what 7.she said surprised everyone in the room A.That B.What C.Which D.Where 8.It is important_we should learn English well A.that B.what C.how D.why 9.The problem is we can solve it in such a short time A.that B.what C.ifD.whether 10.He told mehe had seen the movie before A.that B.what C.if D.whether 演练二：填空试题 1.I wonder_she will come to the party tonight 2.he said at the meeting was very important 3.The factthe earth is round is known to everyone 4.It is a pityyou missed the concert 5.She asked me_I had finished my homework 6.We are talking about_we should go for vacation 7.will win the game is still unknown 8.The question is_we can get there on time 9.I have no idea_she will return 10.It is importantwe should study hard 演练三：语法填空试题 I have a good friend named Tom.He once told me_(1)he had a strange experience.One day,he was walking in the park(2)he heard someone calling his name.He turned around but found no one there. He wondered(3)it was.He walked on and heard the voice again.This time,he was sure(4)someone was following him.He started to run and finally got home.He told his parents_(5)had happened,but 8 高中沪教上海版 【寒假专版】 句法知识点全解 they didn't believe(6)he said.They thought(7)he was just imagining things.Tom was very upset because he knew一（⑧）he had heard was real.The next day,he went back to the park to find out一(g) had happened.He met an old man who told him_(10)there was a ghost in the park.Tom didn't know whether to believe it or not. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.C3.A4.D5.A6.C7B8.A9D10.A 演练二：1.if/whether2.What3.that4.that5..if/whether6.where7.Who8.whether9.when10.that 演练三：1.that2.when3.what4.that5.what6.what7.that8.what9.what10.that 9