句法 定语从句系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中句法沪教上海版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 语法专版 定语从句系统讲解 高中英语语法专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版高中句法中，定语从句是重点语法模块，考频占句法总量的15%左右，贯穿试卷核心 题型：单项选择(1-2题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、阅读理解七选五（辅助理解 长难句)。在语境理解类题目中，关系代词与关系副词的选择、非限制性定语从句的用法及“介词 +关系代词”结构往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。关系代词与关系副词：hat、which、who、whom、whose、when、where.、why的指代对象与句法功 能辨析 。限定性与非限定性定语从句：结构特征（逗号使用）、语义差异及关系代词ht的使用限制 ·特殊用法：”介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择，as引导定语从句的固定搭配(such.as,the same..as), 以及分隔式定语从句的识别 知识点一：定语从句的基本结构及分类 1.定义及基本结构（修饰名词代词，由关系词引导） ·结构公式：先行词+关系词+从句（关系词在从句中作成分） ·例句： 1.This is the book which I bought yesterday.（先行词the book,关系代词which作宾语) 2.The girl who is standing there is my sister.(先行词the girl,关系代词who作主语) 2.关系代词（指代先行词，在从句中作主语/宾语/定语） 。指人：who（主/宾)、whom(宾)、whose（定语) The man who helped me is a teacher.This is the student whom you taught last year./I know the girl whose father is a doctor. 。指物：which(主/宾)、that(主/宾，可指人/物) The pen which is on the desk is mine.This is the house that we visited last week. 高中句法沪教上海版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 3.关系副词（指代先行词，在从句中作状语） ●when(时间状语)：I still remember the day when I first came to this school. 。where(地点状语)：This is the factory where my father works.. ·why(原因状语，先行词为reason):Tell me the reason why you were late. 4.限制性与非限制性定语从句（根据是否省略影响句意划分） 。限制性（无逗号，不可省略）：He has a sister who is a nurse.(强调“有一个当护士的妹妹”，暗 示可能还有其他妹妹) 。非限制性（有逗号，可省略，补充说明）：He has a sister,who is a nurse.（补充说明“他妹妹是护 士”，无其他妹妹暗示) 知识点二：定语从句核心用法 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（修饰人物，作主语/宾语） ·关系代词及适用对象： who(指人，作主语/宾语)、whom(指人，作宾语)、which(指物，作主语/宾语)、 that(指人/物，作主语/宾语，可替代who/whom/which)、whose(指人/物，作定语，表“..的”) ·基本结构：先行词+关系代词+从句（关系代词在从句中作成分） 例句： l.This is the girl who helped me.(先行词the girl指人，关系代词who在从句中作主语) 2.The book which I bought yesterday is interesting.(先行词the book指物，关系代词which在从 句中作宾语，可省略) 3.He is the student that won the first prize.(先行词the student指人，关系代词that在从句中作 主语，替代who) 4.This is the house whose windows are broken.(先行词the house指物，whose在从句中作定语， 表“房子的窗户”) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（修饰时间/地点/原因，作状语） ·关系副词及适用对象： when(指时间，作时间状语)、where(指地点，作地点状语) why(指原因，作原因状语，仅修饰先行词reason) 。基本结构：先行词+关系副词+从句（关系副词在从句中作状语，相当于“介词+whch”) 例句： l.I still remember the day when I met her.(先行词the day指时间，when=on which) 2.This is the school where I studied.(先行词the school指地点，where-in which) 高中句法沪教上海版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 3.The reason why he was late is clear..（先行词the reason指原因，why-for which) 3.定语从句的注意事项 ●关系代词作宾语时可省略(who/whom/which/that) 例句：The movie(that)we watched last night was boring. ·当先行词被最高级、序数词、al/everything等不定代词修饰时，只能用hat 例句：This is the best book that I have ever read. ·当先行词是人+物时，只能用that 例句：I will never forget the people and places that I visited in Beijing. 。whose后可接名词，表所属关系，可转换为“of which/whom+名词” She has a friend whose father is a doctor.She has a friend the father of whom is a doctor. 知识点三：定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句（基础应用） ·who(指人，作主语/宾语) 例句：The girl who is singing is my sister..(作主语)/The man who we met yesterday is a doctor.(作 宾语，可省略) 。whom（指人，作宾语) 例句：The boy whom she helped is very grateful.(作宾语，可省略) ·which(指物，作主语/宾语) 例句：The book which lies on the desk is mine.(作主语)/This is the pen which I bought yesterday. (作宾语，可省略) 。hat(指人/物，作主语/宾语) 例句：He is the student that won the first prize.(指人，作主语)/The dog that we found is very cute.. （指物，作主语)/This is the story that I told you.（指物，作宾语，可省略) ·whose(指人/物，作定语) 例句：The girl whose hair is long is my classmate.(指人)This is the house whose windows are broken.(指物) 2.关系副词引导的定语从句（重点区分） 。when(指时间，作状语) 例句：I still remember the day when we first met. ●where(指地点，作状语) 例句：This is the park where we often play basketball ·why(指原因，作状语，先行词通常为reason) 例句：Do you know the reason why he was late? 3.定语从句的特殊用法（中考易错） 3 高中句法沪教上海版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 。介词+关系代词(which/whom) This is the house in which I lived last year.(This is the house which I lived in last year.) 。先行词为不定代词(something/nothing/everything等)时用that 例句：There is something that I want to tell you.. 。先行词被最高级/序数词the only等修饰时用that This is the most interesting book that I have ever read./The first thing that we should do is to study hard./He is the only student that passed the exam. ·避免重复使用关系代词（当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略） 例句：The film(that/which)we saw last night was very exciting. 解题小妙招 that which辨分明，先行特点是关键； 最高级及序数词，不定代词all等连， 此时只能用that,其余情况可互换。 非限从句逗号隔，which独用不能变： 关系代词作宾语，限从可省要记全， 若是that被特殊饰，即使作宾也不删。 关系代副选准难，成分分析是要点： 先行指人用who whom,指物which that选： 时间用when地点where,原因why放reason后。 介词加代结构现，指代物用which先， 指代人时用whom,介词位置灵活变： 特殊句式多练习，综合运用不犯难。 考法精析 考法一：关系代词that与which的区别 核心：根据先行词的修饰语、从句类型（限制性/非限制性）等条件，判断使用hat还是which 真题1（语法填空）： This is the most exciting movie-I have ever watched. 答案：that 解析：先行词movie被最高级the most exciting修饰，根据“只能用that的情况”中“先行词被最 高级修饰时”的规则，关系代词用hat。 真题2（单项选择）： She bought a new dress,_cost her 500 yuan. 4 高中句法沪教上海版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 A.that B.which C.who D.whose 答案：B 解析：逗号后为非限制性定语从句，根据“只能用wch的情况”中“引导非限制性定语从句时” 的规则，关系代词用which。 考法二：关系代词that与which的省略辨析 核心：根据定语从句类型（限制性/非限制性）及关系代词在从句中的成分，判断hat与which能 否省略及正确使用 真题1（语法填空）： This is the most interesting story_I have ever heard.It reminds me of my childhood. 答案：that 解析：先行词被最高级'the most interesting”修饰，根据知识点二，此类情况只能用hat引导限制 性定语从句，且hat在从句中作宾语不可省略（因先行词被最高级修饰，即使作宾语也不能省略 that)。 真题2（单选题）： She bought a new bike_cost her 2000 yuan,and_she rides to school every day. A.which;that B.that;which C.which:/ D.that;/ 答案：C 解析：第一空引导非限制性定语从句，根据知识点二只能用whch:第二空引导限制性定语从句，先 行词bike作宾语，关系代词that/which可省略，故选C。 考法三：定语从句的综合运用与省略 核心：结合关系代词/副词的选择、省略规则及特殊句式，判断定语从句的正确形式 真题1（单项选择)： Do you remember the day_we first met in the park A when B where C which D who 答案：A 解析：先行词'the day'”指时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when,相当于”on which”。 真题2（语法填空）： The girl_(wear)a red dress is my cousin who_(live)in Shanghai now 答案：wearing lives 解析：第一空为现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰”the girl':第二空为定语从句，先行词'my cousin'” 高中句法沪教上海版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 指人，关系代词who在从句中作主语，且主句为现在时，从句根据实际情况用一般现在时，live的 第三人称单数形式为lives。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.This is the only dictionarycan help you with your English study. A.which B.that C.what D.who 2.She spent the whole day reading books,-made her feel relaxed. A.that B.who C.which D.whose 3.The villagewe visited last summer is very beautiful. A.where B.when C.which D.in which 4.Do you remember the day_we first met at the school gate? A.which B.where C.when D.that 5.He is the student_father is a famous scientist. A.whom B.whose C.who D.which 6.This is such an interesting storymany children like to read. A.that B.which C.as D.what 7.The teacher_we learned math last year has retired. A.from whom B.from which C.whom D.which 8.There are many people-are interested in this new technology. A.which B.who C.when D.where 9._breaks the school rules will be punished. A.No matter who B.Whichever C.Whoever D.Whatever 10.The news-our team won the game made everyone excited. A.that B.which C.who D.what 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The book cover is red was written by my favorite author. 2.I will never forget the dayI joined the club. 3.This is the houseLu Xun once lived. 4.He has two sisters,_are both doctors. 5.The reasonhe failed the exam is that he didn't study hard. 6.We visited the factory_produces cars last week. 6 高中句法沪教上海版 【语法专版】 定语从句全解 7.This is the best film I have ever seen. 8.The girlyou met at the party yesterday is my cousin. 9.Take_you need from my bag. 10.The old man_we helped yesterday thanked us many times. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） I live in a cityhas a long history.There is a park in the center of the citymany people like to take a walk.Last Sunday,I met an old man-told me stories about the city.He said the park used to be a farm -his grandfather worked in the 1950s.The most interesting story was about a tree_is over 100 years old. Many birds-nests are in the tree come here every spring.The old man also showed me a photo-was taken in 1980.In the photo,there was a small house_he lived with his family.He told me the reasonhe never left the city is that he loves it deeply.I heard his stories,I felt more connected to this city. 答案区 演练-：1B2.C3.C4.C5.B6.C7.A8B9.C10.A 演练二：1.whose2.when3.where/in which4.who5.why/for which6.which/that7.that8.(whom/ who /that)9.whatever 10.(whom who /that) 1.which/that 2.where in which 3.who/that 4.where/in which 5.which/that 6.whose 7.which /that 8.where in which 9.why for which 10.After /When 7