基础动词用法 非谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 语法专版 非谓语动词分类系统讲解 沪教上海版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 沪教上海版高中基础动词用法中，非谓语动词是核心语法点，考频占动词用法考察总量的30%左 右，覆盖试卷主要题型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(24题)、书面表达 (高频考察，直接影响句子结构规范性与表达丰富性)。在语境应用类题日中，非谓语动词的形式选 择、逻辑主语及句法功能辨析常常是解题核心。 考查内容 ·形式与句法功能：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing与过去分词done)在句 中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的区别与应用 。固定搭配与语义辨析：接不定式、动名词的动词/短语固定搭配（如want to do,.enjoy doing),以及 分词作状语时主动与被动意义的判断 。语境综合运用：结合时态、语态及上下文逻辑，选择恰当的非谓语形式完成短文填空或语法填空 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 1.动词不定式(to+动词原形，有时省略o) ·功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 。例句： 1.To learn English well is important.(作主语) 2.He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语) 3.Her job is to teach kids.(作表语) 4.I have a lot of homework to do.(作定语) 5.She came here to see her mother.(作目的状语) 6.My mother asks me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) 2.动名词（动词原形+ig,具有名词性质） ·功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 1 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 。例句： 1.Swimming is good for health.(作主语) 2.He enjoys reading books.(作宾语) 3.Her hobby is singing.(作表语) 4.There is a reading room in our school..(作定语) 3.现在分词（动词原形+ig,表主动或进行） ·功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 ·例句： 1.The running boy is my brother..(作定语，表主动) 2.She sat there reading a newspaper..(作状语，表伴随) 3.The story is interesting.(作表语，表事物特征) 4.I heard her singing in the room.(作宾语补足语，表正在进行) 4.过去分词（动词-ed形式，表被动或完成） ·功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 。例句： 1.The broken window needs to be repaired.（作定语，表被动) 2.Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(作状语，表被动) 3.I am interested in this book.(作表语，表人的感受) 4.We found the door locked..(作宾语补足语，表被动或完成) 知识点二：非谓语动词分类及用法 1.动词不定式(to+动词原形，否定形式：not to+动词原形) ·功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 ·用法示例： l.作主语：To learn English well is important.(学好英语很重要。) 2.作宾语：She wants to go shopping.(她想去购物。) 3.作表语：My dream is to be a teacher.(我的梦想是成为一名老师。) 4.作定语：I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做。) 5.作状语：He came here to see you..(他来这里是为了看你。) 6.作宾语补足语：My mother asks me to finish my homework.(妈妈让我完成作业。) 2.动名词（动词原形+ig,具有名词性质） ·功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 ·用法示例： 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 1.作主语：Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有好处。) 2.作宾语：He enjoys playing football..（他喜欢踢足球。) 3.作表语：Her hobby is singing.(她的爱好是唱歌。) 4.作定语：There is a swimming pool in our school.(我们学校有一个游泳池。) 3.现在分词（动词原形+g,具有形容词和副词性质） ·功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语（表示主动或进行） 。用法示例： 1.作定语：The running boy is my brother.（正在跑步的男孩是我弟弟。) 2.作状语：He sat there,reading a book.(他坐在那里，读着一本书。) 3.作表语：The movie is interesting.(这部电影很有趣。) 4.作宾语补足语：I saw her dancing in the park.(我看见她在公园里跳舞。) 4.过去分词（动词过去分词形式，具有形容词和副词性质） ·功能：作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语（表示被动或完成） ·用法示例： 1.作定语：The broken window needs to be repaired.(破碎的窗户需要修理。) 2.作状语：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful.(从山上看，这座城市看起来很漂亮。) 3.作表语：The door is closed.(门是关着的。) 4.作宾语补足语：I had my hair cut yesterday..(我昨天剪了头发。) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 。基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 1.offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me with my math. 2.promise to do(承诺做)→例句：She promises to keep the secret for me. 3.forget to do（忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to turn off the lights. 4.remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home. 5.choose to do(选择做)一例句：They choose to stay at home on Sunday. 6.try to do(努力做)→例句：I try to improve my pronunciation. 7.wish to do(希望做)→例句：We wish to travel around the world 8.want to do(想要做)→例句：She wants to buy a new dress. 9.would like to do(想要做)→例句：I would like to drink some tea. l0.need to do(需要做)→例句：You need to wear warm clothes in winter.. 。特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： l.ask sb.todo(要求某人做)→例句：My teacher asks me to finish the task. 3 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 2.tell sb.todo(告诉某人做)→例句：He tells his brother to be quiet. 3.order sb.todo(命令某人做)→例句：The officer orders the soldiers to march, 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) ·基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.like doing(喜欢做)一→例句：I like listening to music. 2.love doing(喜爱做)→例句：She loves dancing very much. 3.hate doing(讨厌做)→例句：He hates cleaning his room. 4.prefer doing(更喜欢做)→例句：They prefer swimming to running 5.start doing(开始做)一例句：We start working at9am, 6.stop doing(停止做)→例句：Please stop talking in class. 7.continue doing(继续做)→例句：He continues reading after supper. 8.suggest doing（建议做)→例句：She suggests going to the park. 9.keep doing(保持做)→例句：Keep trying and you will succeed. l0.practice doing(练习做)→例句：They practice playing the guitar every day ·固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 1.be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner. 2.feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. 3.give up doing（放弃做)→例句：He gives up smoking finally.. 3.done(过去分词) 。基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： l.be interested in doing(对…感兴趣)→例句：She is interested in reading books. 2.be excited about doing(对…感到兴奋)一→例句：We are excited about going to the zoo. 3.be surprised at doing(对…感到惊讶)→例句：I am surprised at hearing the news 4.be pleased with doing(对…满意)→例句：My parents are pleased with my progress. 5.get used to doing(习惯于做)→例句：He gets used to getting up early: 6.be tired of doing(厌倦做)→例句：She is tired of watching TV. 7.be afraid of doing(害怕做)→例句：They are afraid of swimming in the sea. 8.be worth doing(值得做)→例句：The book is worth reading,. 。特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： l.have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut yesterday. 2.get sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：She gets her car repaired. 3.see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：I see the room cleaned.. 4.hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：He hears the song sung. 考法精析 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 考法一：非谓语动词作定语的用法辨析 核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作状态（进行/完成），选择正确的 非谓语形式（不定式、现在分词、过去分词） 真题1（语法填空）： The girl_(stand)at the door is my best friend. 答案：standing 解析：被修饰词“the girl'”与非谓语动词“stand”是主动关系，且表示动作正在进行，用现在分词 作定语。 真题2（单项选择)： I have a lot of homework A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 答案：B 解析：被修饰词“homework”与非谓语动词“do”是逻辑上的动宾关系（即“to do homework”), 此处用不定式作定语，表示“要去做的作业”，主动形式表被动意义。 考法二：非谓语动词形式选择与搭配辨析 核心：结合非谓语动词的分类功能及固定搭配，判断空格处应填todo、doing还是done形式 真题1（语法填空)： She refused_(accept)the gift from her ex-boyfriend. 答案：to accept 解析：根据知识点三，refuse后接不定式todo作宾语，构成固定搭配refuse to do sth.,故填to accept。 真题2（单项选择)： He admitted(break)the window but promised to pay for it. A.break B.to break C.breaking D.broken 答案：C 解析：根据知识点三，admit后接动名词doing作宾语，构成固定搭配admit doing sth.,故填breaking。 考法三：非谓语动词综合辨析与搭配运用 核心：结合语境区分不定式、动名词、分词的功能差异，掌握固定搭配中的非谓语形式 真题1（单项选择）： My mother told me too much time playing computer games A.not to spend B.not spend C.don't spend D.not spending 答案：A 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 解析：根据“tell sb.not to do sth.”固定搭配（知识点三），不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原 形”，表示“告诉某人不要做某事”。 真题2（语法填空）： He enjoys_(swim)in the river.It makes him feel relaxed. 答案：swimming 解析：“enjoy”后接动名词作宾语（知识点一、二），构成“enjoy doing sth.”固定搭配（知识点三）， 表示“喜欢做某事”，swim的动名词形式为swimming。 解题小妙招 非谓语作定妙招 被饰词与动作间，主动被动先判断： 主动进行用现分，被动完成用过分： 不定式作定表将来，主动形式亦可表被动。 非谓语搭配妙招 固定搭配记心间，to do doing要分辨： refuse decide后接to,admit enjoy doing连； stop doing停动作，stop to do表目的。 非谓语综合妙招 非谓语态看逻辑，主动现分被动过分： 时态状态要兼顾，进行用being完成用having: 固定搭配是基础，结合语境细分析： pretend to be doing表假装进行，be busy doing忙不停。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The teacher asked us to stopand listen to her carefully. A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talked 2.the early bus,he got up very early this morning. A.Catch B.To catch C.Catching D.Caught 3.I'm sorryyou waiting for such a long time. A.keeping B.to keep C.to have kept D.kept 6 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 4.The novel by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.writing B.to write C.written D.write 5.She pretendedwhen her father came into the room. A.to sleep B.sleeping C.to be sleeping D.slept 6.My brother enjoys football with his friends after school. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 7.in the rain,he was all wet when he arrived home. A.Catch B.Catching C.Caught D.To catch 8.We found the little girl in the comner,crying sadly. A.sit B.to sit C.sitting D.sat 9.The manager promisedthe workers'working conditions soon. A.improve B.to improve C.improving D.improved 10.-the homework,he went out to play basketball with his classmates. A.Finishing B.To finish C.Having finished D.Finished 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He decided(study)abroad next year. 2.The children are looking forward to(visit)the science museum. 3.(see)from the top of the mountain,the city looks more beautiful. 4.She was heard(sing)an English song in the classroom just now 5.I have a lot of books(read)during the summer holiday. 6.The boy admitted(break)the window yesterday. 7.(learn)a foreign language well requires a lot of practice. 8.The teacher told us-(not be)late for class again 9.The building(build)last year is now used as a library. 10.They seem_(know)each other for many years. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 More and more students are choosing 1.-(study)online these days.Online learning has many advantages, such as 2.-(save)time and money.However,it also requires self-discipline. Last month,I decided to take an online course 3.-(improve)my English.At first,I found it hard to focus 7 高中沪教上海版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 on studying at home.I often stopped 4.(check)my phone or watch TV.Later,I made a study plan and tried my best 5.-(follow)it.I also asked my parents 6.(remind)me when I got distracted. One day,I forgot 7.(submit)my homework before the deadline.My teacher sent me an email 8.(ask) about it.I felt very sorry and promised 9.-(finish)it immediately.Since then,I have been more careful with my study schedule. Now,I am happy 10.(find)that my English has improved a lot.Online learning teaches me not only knowledge but also responsibility. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.C4.C5.C6.C7.C8.C9B10.C 1.to study 2.visiting 3.Seen 4.to sing 5.to read 6.breaking 7.Learning 8.not to be 9.built 10.to have known 1.to study 2.saving 3.to improve 4.to check 5.to follow 6.to remind 7.to submit 8.asking 9.to finish 10.to have found 8