核心时态与语态 完成时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中沪教上海版 【核心时态与语态】 语法全解 语法专版 【专题】完成时态系统讲解 高中英语语法全解 考频分析 沪教上海版高中英语中，完成时态系统是核心时态与语态模块的重点语法点，考频占时态语态总量 的30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面 表达核心考察，直接影响句子时态逻辑与上下文连贯性。在语境理解类题目中，完成时态的时间标 志词识别、动作先后关系及语态结合往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·时态构成与标志词：现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)、过去完成时(had+过去分词)、将来完成 时(will have+过去分词)的基本结构，以及for/since、.already/yet、by+过去时间等标志词的识别 。语境应用与区别：现在完成时表示“过去动作对现在的影响”或“持续到现在的动作”，过去完成 时强调“过去某动作之前已完成”，与一般过去时的时间先后对比 ·特殊句型与固定搭配：与瞬间动词、延续性动词连用的场景辨析，以及“it is the first time+现在完 成时”“hardly..when.”等固定句型的应用 知识点一：完成时态的构成及用法 1.现在完成时（表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作/影响) 1.基本结构：have/has+动词过去分词（主语为第三人称单数用has,其余用have) 2.时间标志词：already（已经)、yet(还)、ever(曾经)、never(从未)、since(自从)、for（持续. 时间) 3.例句： ●I have lived in Shanghai for 10 years.(持续到现在的状态，用for+时间段) ·She has already finished her homework.(过去动作对现在的影响，already用于肯定句) 2.过去完成时（表示过去某动作之前已完成的动作，即”过去的过去”） 高中沪教上海版 【核心时态与语态】 语法全解 1.基本结构：had+动词过去分词（无人称变化） 2.时间标志词：by the time(到.时候为止)、before（在.之前)、en(当.时，主句动作先于从句) 3.例句： ●By the time I arrived,the party had already started.(arrived为过去时，start发生在arrived之前，用 过去完成时) ·He told me he had seen the movie twice.(told为过去时，see发生在told之前) 3.完成时的常见误区 1.瞬间动词（如buy,die,join)不可与for/since引导的时间段连用，需转化为延续性动词：buy一→have, die→pe dead,join-be in 2.例句： 。错误：He has bought the book for3days.正确：He has had the book for3days.(buy转化为have) ·错误：She has joined the club since2020.正确：She has been in the club since2020.((join转化为 be in) 知识点二：完成时态系统讲解 1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词：already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years) since+时间点（如since2020)、so far(到目前为止） 2.主动语态： ·结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 。例句： l.I have finished my homework already.（第一人称，用have+finished) 2.He has lived here for5 years.(三单主语，用has+-lived) 3.被动语态： 。结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现“现在完成时”，过去分词体现 “被动”) ·例句： 1.My homework has been finished by me already.(主语不可数，用has been+-finished的过去分 词finished) 2.This house has been lived in by him for5 years.(主语单数，用has been+lived的过去分词lived; live是不及物动词，需加in) 2 高中沪教上海版 【核心时态与语态】 ,语法全解 2.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”) 1.时间标志词：by+过去时间点（如by2019、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left.)、 when+一般过去时句子（如When I arrived) 2.主动语态： 。结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) ●例句： 1.He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) 2.They had left before I arrived.(had+left;arrived是一般过去时，“离开”在“到达”之前) 3.被动语态： ●结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现“过去完成时”，过去分词体现“被动”) ·例句： l.His work had been finished by him by5p.m.yesterday.(hadbeen+-finished的过去分词finished) 2.The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived.(had been-+cleaned的过去分词cleaned) 3.现在完成进行时（过去开始并持续到现在的动作，可能仍在进行） l.时间标志词：since+时间点（如since last year)、for+时间段（如for2 hours)、all day(一整天）、 recently(最近) 2.主动语态： ·结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用 have) ●例句： 1.I have been studying English for3 hours..(第一人称，用have been+-studying) 2.She has been waiting for you since9o'clock.(三单主语，用has been+-waiting) 3.被动语态： ·结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词（初中阶段较少考查，了解即可） 。例句： l.The projecthas been being discussedby the team for a week.(主语单数，用has been being+discussed) 4.过去完成进行时（过去某个时间前开始并持续到该时间的动作，可能仍在 进行) 1.时间标志词：by+过去时间点（如by that time)、before+过去时句子（如before the rain stopped) 2.主动语态： ●结构：主语+had been+动词现在分词(doing)(无单复数变化，统一用had been) 3 高中沪教上海版 【核心时态与语态】 语法全解 。例句： 1.He had been working in the garden for 2 hours when his wife called.(had been+working:called 是过去时) 2.They had been traveling for a month before they arrived in Paris.(had been+traveling:arrived 过去时) 3.被动语态： ·结构：主语+had been being+动词过去分词（初中阶段极少考查，仅作拓展） ·例句： 1.Theroadhad been being repaired for weeks before the accident happened.(had been being+repaired) 知识点三：完成时态 1.现在完成时 1.基础结构（必修核心)： 。have/has+过去分词→例句：I have finished my homework already.(主语为非第三人称单数用 have) ·has+过去分词→例句：She has lived in Beijing for five years.(主语为第三人称单数用has) 2.时间标志词（中考必背)： 。already(已经，用于肯定句)→例句：We have already eaten dinner. 。yet(已经/还，用于否定句和疑问句)→例句：Have you finished reading the book yet?? ·ever(曾经)→例句：Have you ever been to Shanghai? ●never(从不)→例句：He has never seen such a beautiful place. ·just(刚刚)一例句：They have just arrived at the station. 。for+时间段（持续…时间）→例句：I have studied English for three years. 。since+时间点（自从…以来）→例句：she has worked here since2020. 2.过去完成时 1.基础结构（高中拓展）： 。had+过去分词→例句：By the time I got home,my mother had cooked dinner. 2.逻辑关系（核心用法)： 。过去的过去（动作发生在另一个过去动作之前）→例句：He told me he had finished the project the day before. ·截止到过去某一时间已完成的动作→例句：We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term, 4 高中沪教上海版 【核心时态与语态】 语法全解 3.现在完成进行时 1.基础结构（高中认知)： 。have/has been+现在分词一→例句：It has been raining for two hours.. 2.核心含义（区别标志）： 。动作从过去开始，持续到现在，仍在进行→例句：She has been studying English since9o'clock this morning. 。强调动作的持续性和未完成性→例句：They have been building the bridge for three years. 解题小妙招 完成时瞬间动词转化妙招 瞬间动词遇时段，转化延续是关键： buy转have拥有久，die变be dead状态留； 现在完成has/have,过去分词跟着走。 完成时与情态动词结合妙招 情态动词表推测，完成时态看过去： 肯定推测用must,must have加过分： 语境提示动作完，for时段也常见。 情态动词时态语态综合运用妙招 情态推测看过去，can't have been表否定： must have done肯定推，被动be done别忘怀： by next Friday将来时，情态被动must be done: since持续到现在，完成进行被动has been being done。 考法精析 考法一：完成时瞬间动词转化 核心：识别瞬间动词与时间段连用的错误，将瞬间动词转化为延续性动词 真题1（语法填空）： He_(buy)this bike since 2018,and it still works well now. 答案：has had 解析：由时间标志词“sice2018”可知需用现在完成时，瞬间动词buy不可与时间段连用，应转 化为延续性动词have,主语为三单，助动词用has,have的过去分词为had。 5 高中沪教上海版 【核心时态与语态】 语法全解 真题2（单项选择）： My grandfatherfor 5 years,but I still miss him every day. A.died B.has died C.has been dead D.was dead 答案：C 解析：由时间标志词“for5 years”可知需用现在完成时，瞬间动词die不可与时间段连用，应转化 为延续性动词be dead,.现在完成时结构为has been dead。 考法二：完成时态与情态动词结合 核心：根据语境判断动作发生的时间及情态含义，正确使用完成时态与情态动词的搭配结构 真题1（语法填空）： The door is locked.He_(must/leave)already. 答案：must have left 解析：由语境“门是锁着的”可知对过去情况进行肯定推测，“must have+过去分词”表示对过去 事情的肯定推测，leave的过去分词为left,故填must have left。 真题2（单项选择）： She here for 5 years,but now she lives in Beijing. A.must live B.must have lived C.can live D.can have lived 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“for5 years”及“now she lives in Beijing”可知动作发生在过去并持续了一段 时间，对过去情况进行肯定推测用“must have+过去分词”，live的过去分词为lived,故选B。 考法三：完成时态与情态动词结合的被动语态应用 核心：结合完成时态（现在完成时/过去完成时）的被动结构，运用情态动词表推测或义务，判断 动作的被动关系及时态逻辑 真题1（单项选择)： The room_cleaned yet.You must finish it before 5 p.m. A.hasn't been B.wasn't C.isn't D.won't be 答案：A 解析：由时间标志词“yet”可知用现在完成时：主语“the room”是动作“clean”的承受者，需用 被动语态，结构为“have/has been+过去分词”；主语为单数，否定形式用“hasn't been”。 真题2（语法填空）： The work _(must finish)by the time the manager arrived.But no one did it. 答案：must have been finished 解析：“by the time+-过去时句子”提示用过去完成时：“must”表肯定推测，被动结构为“must have 6 高中沪教上海版 【核心时态与语态】语法全解 been+过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择题（共10题） 1.My parentsin this city since they got married. A.live B.lived C.have lived D.will live 2.By the time we arrived at the station,the trainalready. A.left B.has left C.had left D.will leave 3.Youpark here-it's a no-parking zone. A.mustn't B.needn't C.may not D.can't 4.The room is in a mess.Someone_a party here last night. A.must have B.must have had C.may have D.can have 5.A new library_in our school by next September. A.will build B.will be built C.is built D.has been built 6.Hethe book for two weeks,but he hasn't finished it yet. A.has borrowed B.borrowed C.has kept D.kept 7.When I called her yesterday,she-dinner with her family. A.cooks B.cooked C.is cooking D.was cooking 8.Youhave told me the truth earlier-I was worried sick! A.should B.must C.could D.need 9.This song-by millions of people around the world since it was released. A.is heard B.was heard C.has been heard D.will be heard 10.The ground is covered with snow.Itheavily last night. A.must snow B.must have snowed C.may snow D.could snow 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.She(learn)English for 8 years,so she speaks it fluently now. 2.By the end of last month,we(complete)three projects 3.You(not wait)for meI can find the way myself. 4.The meeting-(hold)in the conference room at 3 p.m.tomorrow. 5.When I saw him,he(read)a novel borrowed from the library. 6.This museum_(visit)by over 10,000 tourists since last year. 7 高中沪教上海版 【核心时态与语态】 语法全解 7.They(must finish)their homework before going out yesterday 8.He(can speak)French when he was in college,but now he has forgotten most of it. 9.The old building(rebuild)since 2023 and will open next year. 10.You_(should tell)me about the accident earlier-I could have helped. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Dear Tom, I'm writing to share some news with you.I(live)in London for six months now,and I-(already make)many new friends.Last week,I visited the British Museum,which _(build)in 1753.By the time I left,I(spend)over three hours there! My host family is very kind.Mrs.Smith(teach)me how to cook traditional English food,and I(just try)making shepherd's pie yesterday.It(not taste)perfect,but everyone said it was delicious. You_(must come)to visit soon.We_(plan)a trip to Scotland next month,and it(be)great to have you with us.Let me know your schedule! Best wishes, Li Ming 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.C3.A4.B5.B6.C7.D8.A9.C10B 演练二： 1.has learned/learnt 2.had completed 3.needn't wait 4.will be held/is going to be held 5.was reading 6.has been visited 7.must have finished 8.could speak 9.has been being rebuilt 10.should have told 演练三： 1.have lived 2.have already made 3.was built P 高中沪教上海版 【核心时态与语态】 语法全解 4.had spent 5.has taught 6.have just tried 7.didn't taste 8.must come 9.are planning 10.will be