非谓语动词 动名词 doing 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法精讲 【专题】动名词doing系统讲解 非谓语动词核心考点 考频分析 沪教上海版高中英语中，动名词doig是重点语法模块，考频占非谓语动词总量的30%左右，贯穿 试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-3题)、书面表达（核心 考察，直接影响句子结构合理性与表达多样性)。在语境理解类题目中，动名词作主语、宾语及定 语的用法往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·句法功能辨析：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语的基本用法与结构特征 。固定搭配与句型：接doing作宾语的动词（如enjoy,avoid,suggest)、短语（如be used to,look forward to)及特殊句型（如It's no use doing) ·易混点对比：与不定式tod0作宾语的动词辨析，与现在分词的句法功能差异（如作定语时的时间 关系、作表语时的主动/被动含义) 知识点一：动名词doing的构成及功能 1.动名词的构成（由动词原形+ing构成) 1.规则变化：work→working(工作)、study→studying(学习) 例句：Reading is a good habit.(read→reading,作主语) 2.特殊变化： 。以不发音的e结尾去e加ing:wite→writing 。重读闭音节双写尾字母加ing:un→unning 例句：She enjoys writing stories.(write一writing,作宾语) 2.动名词的功能（具有动词和名词双重特征，可充当句子成分） 1 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.作主语（表示经常性、习惯性动作： Swimming is good for health.(swim一swimming,位于句首作主语) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词或介词后）： He practices speaking English every day..(speak→speaking,作动词practice的宾语) I'm interested in painting.(paint→painting,作介词in的宾语) 3.作表语（说明主语的性质或内容）： Her hobby is dancing.(dance→dancing,位于be动词后作表语) 4.作定语（修饰名词，表用途或性质）： There is a reading room in our school.(read→reading,修饰名词room,表用途“用于阅读的”) 知识点二：动名词的功能及用法 1.作主语（表示抽象动作或习惯性行为） 1.结构：动名词(doing)+谓语动词（单数形式） 例句： l.Swimming is good for health.(游泳有益健康，swimming作主语，谓语用is) 2.Reading English every morning helps improve pronunciation..(每天早上读英语有助于提升发音， reading作主语，谓语用helps) 2.形式主语结构：It+be+形容词/名词+doing sth.(it为形式主语，真正主语是doing sth.) 例句： 1.It is interesting playing computer games.(玩电脑游戏很有趣，it是形式主语，playing是真正主 语) 2.It is a habit getting up early.(早起是一种习惯，it是形式主语，getting是真正主语) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词或介词后） l.作动词宾语（常见动词：like,enjoy,finish,practice,mind,avoid,keep,suggest等） 结构：动词+doing sth. 例句： 1.She enjoys singing pop songs..(她喜欢唱流行歌，singing作enjoy的宾语) 2.He practices playing the piano every day..(他每天练习弹钢琴，playing作practice的宾语) 2.作介词宾语（常见介词：in,on,at,of,about,for,without,after等） 结构：介词+doing sth. 2 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 例句： 1.I am interested in learning English.（我对学英语感兴趣，learning作in的宾语) 2.He left without saying goodbye.(他没说再见就离开了，saying作without的宾语) 3.作表语（说明主语的性质或内容，主语多为抽象名词） 1.结构：主语+be+doing sth.(doing与主语在意义上等同) 例句： l.Her hobby is dancing.(她的爱好是跳舞，dancing作表语，说明hobby的内容) 2.The most important thing is studying hard.(最重要的事是努力学习，studying作表语，说明thing 的内容) 4.作定语（修饰名词，表用途或性质） 1.结构：doing+名词（通常放在名词前，表“..的”） 例句： l.There is a swimming pool in our school.(我们学校有一个游泳池，swimming修饰pool,表用途 “用于游泳的”) 2.He bought a reading room last year..(他去年买了一间阅览室，reading修饰room,表用途“用于 阅读的”) 5.动名词的复合结构（带逻辑主语） 1.结构：形容词性物主代词(my/his/her/our/their)/名词所有格(Tom's)+doing sth.(逻辑主语与doing 是主动关系) 例句： 1.His coming late made the teacher angry.(他迟到让老师生气，his是coming的逻辑主语) 2.Tom's finishing the work on time surprised us..(汤姆按时完成工作让我们很惊讶，Tom's是finishing 的逻辑主语) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 3 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 ·forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to close the door when you leave. ◆remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to buy some milk on your way home.. 。start to do(开始去做)→例句：She starts to learn drawing this semester. 。begin to do(开始去做)→例句：The concert begins to play at7o'clock, ●like to do(偶尔喜欢做)→例句：I like to swim in summer. ·love to do(喜爱去做)→例句：They love to travel around the world. ·hate to do(讨厌去做)→例句：He hates to wait for a long time. ·prefer to do(更喜欢做)→例句：She prefers to read books at home 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me with my English. ·promise to do(承诺做)一例句：I promise to return the book on time.. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： ●ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to talk in class. 。tellsb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)一→例句：y mother tells me not to eat too much candy.. 。want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：I want my brother to go shopping with me. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·miss doing(错过做)→例句：I missed watching the football match last night. ·consider doing(考虑做)→例句：He is considering buying a new bike. ·suggest sb.doing(建议某人做)→例句：The doctor suggests him drinking more water. ●imagine doing(想象做)一→例句：Can you imagine living on the moon? ◆risk doing(冒险做)→例句：He risks climbing the high mountain alone ●stop doing(停止做)→例句：Please stop talking and listen to me. ·go doing(去做某事)→例句：We often go swimming in the river.. 。feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. ·practice doing(练习做)→例句：She practices playing the guitar every day. 。be busy doing(忙于做)一例句：They are busy preparing for the exam. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考)： ·can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：She can't help laughing when she hears the joke. 。be worth doing(值得做)→例句：The book is worth reading. ●devote oneself to doing(致力于做)→例句：He devotes himself to teaching. 3.done(过去分词) 4 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ·get done(被..)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month, 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：I saw the window broken by the boy. ·hear sth..done(听见某事被做)→例句：She heard her name called by someone. 。make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：He made his car washed. ●find sth.done(发现某事被做)→例句：I found my homework finished by my sister ●keep sth.done(使某事保持被做的状态)一例句：Keep the door closed,. ·leave sth.done(让某事处于被做的状态)一→例句：He left the work unfinished. 。want sth.done(想要某事被做)→例句：I want the room cleaned. ●need sth.done(需要某事被做)→例句：The house needs painted.. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： ·done作定语（被..的）→例句：I have a book written by Lu Xun. 。done作表语（处于..状态）→例句：The door is closed.. 。done作宾语补足语（使宾语被）→例句：I had my watch repaired. 考法精析 考法一：动名词作宾语的固定搭配辨析 核心：根据动词或介词后的固定搭配要求，选择正确的动名词形式(doing) 真题1（语法填空）： She suggested_(have)a meeting to discuss the problem 答案：having 解析：动词suggest后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配suggest doing sth.(建议做某事)，have的动 名词形式为having 真题2（单项选择）： He enjoysbasketball with his friends after school. A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play 答案：C 解析：动词enjoy后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事)，play的动名词 形式为playing。 考法二：动名词搭配与复合结构结合 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 核心：根据动词或介词固定搭配判断是否使用动名词，并正确添加逻辑主语构成复合结构 真题1（语法填空)： She suggested-(we/have)a meeting to discuss the problem. 答案：our having 解析：suggest后接动名词作宾语，构成suggest doing结构；动名词的逻辑主语为“我们”，作宾语 时可用形容词性物主代词our,故填our having。 真题2（单项选择)： I don't mind here,but I object to too loudly. A.him smoking;they talking B.his smoking;their talking C.he smoking;them talk D.him smoke;they talk 答案：B 解析：mind和object to均为接动名词的固定搭配(mind doing/object to doing);第一空动名词smoking 的逻辑主语用形容词性物主代词his或宾格him,第二空to为介词，动名词talking的逻辑主语用形 容词性物主代词their,选项中只有B符合。 考法三：动名词与现在分词的辨析及动名词的功能和时态语态综合应用 核心：区分动名词与现在分词作定语和表语的用法，结合动名词的功能及时态语态判断正确形式 真题1（单项选择）： The-girl is my sister.She likesbooks in theroom. A.reading reading reading B.reading reading read C.reading read reading D.read reading reading 答案：A 解析：第一空“reading”为现在分词作定语，表主动“正在读书的”，修饰“girl”;第二空“reading” 为动名词，作“likes'”的宾语，构成“1 ike doing sth.”结构：第三空“reading”为动名词作定语，表 用途“用于阅读的”，修饰“room”。 真题2（语法填空)： _(finish)the work on time,he kept(work)all night.He regretted not_(have)a good rest before. 答案：To finish working having had 解析：第一空用动词不定式“To finish”作目的状语，表“为了按时完成工作”：第二空“keep doing sth.”为固定搭配，用动名词“working”;第三空“regret not having done'”表示“后悔没做过某事”， 动名词完成式“having had”强调“没休息”发生在“regretted”之前。 6 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 解题小妙招 动名词解题妙招 固定搭配是核心，动词介词后doing: suggest enjoy mind接，object to后也跟动； 逻辑主语要分明，形物代词常先行： his their加doing,复合结构记心中； 区分动名和现分，功能作用要弄清： 动名作宾表定状，现分表语和状语： 综合辨析看搭配，solving talking选不停： 否定not加doing,waste time doing行； instead of是介词，后面doing莫忘记。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.She avoids_sugary drinks to keep fit. A.drink B.drinks C.drinking D.to drink 2.Remember the lights before leaving the room. A.turning off B.to turn off C.turn offD.turned off 3.I object to here without permission. A.him smoke B.his smoking C.he smoking D.him to smoke 4.The teacher suggested-a review before the exam. A.have B.to have C.having D.had 5.English every day is helpful for improving pronunciation. A.Practicing B.Practice C.To practice D.Practiced 6.He regrettedhard when he was young. A.not study B.not to study C.not studying D.not studied 7.The_girl is my classmate. A.run B.running C.to run D.ran 8.We are looking forward to_from you soon. A.hear B.hears C.hearing D.to hear 9.My brother is interested inmodel planes. A.make B.making C.to make D.made 10.It's no use_about the result now. A.worry B.to worry C.worrying D.worried 7 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He finished(read)the novel in two days. 2.She admitted(break)the vase accidentally. 3.Would you mind(open)the window for me? 4.They kept on(work)despite the heavy rain. 5.I forgot(lock)the door,so I had to go back. 6.His hobby is(collect)stamps from all over the world 7.The children enjoy-(play)games in the park 8.She apologized for(not attend)the meeting. 9.We considered(go)to the beach for vacation 10.My mother suggested(buy)a new laptop for my study. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you about my recent experience.Last week,my teacher recommended(join)an English corner to practice speaking.At first,I was nervous about-(talk)with strangers,but I decided (try)it anyway. When I arrived,I saw many students-(practice)English actively.Agirl suggested_(introduce)ourselves first.I enjoyed-(share)my hobbies with others,and soon I felt more confident.Some students even advised(watch)English movies to improve listening skills. By the end of the evening,I realized_(communicate)in English was not as difficult as I thought.I regret _(not join)the club earlier!Now I look forward to_(meet)you at the next English corner and(learn) from each other. Best wishes, Li Hua 参考答案 演练-：1.C2.B3B4.C5.A6.C7.B8.C9.B10.C 1reading 2.breaking 3.opening 4.working 5.to lock 6.collecting 7.playing 8.not attending 9.going 10.buying 8 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.joining 2.talking 3.to try 4.practicing 5.introducing 6.sharing 7.watching 8.communicating 9.not joining 10.meeting:learning 9