非谓语动词 不定式 to do 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（沪教版）

高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 语法专版 【专题】不定式todo系统讲解 非谓语动词专项突破 考频分析 沪教上海版高中英语中，不定式todo是重点语法模块，考频占非谓语动词总量的30%左右，贯穿 试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子结构复杂度与表达准确性。在语境理解类题目中，不定式的时态、语态及句法功能辨析 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基本构成与句法功能：todo结构的肯定式、否定式(ot to do):作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语 (目的、结果、原因)、宾语补足语的用法及识别 ·固定搭配与句型：接todo作宾语的动词(want,decide,.hope等)：接todo作宾补的动词(ask,tell, allow等)：It's+adj.+todo等常用句型 ·特殊用法与对比：不带to的不定式情况（使役动词let,make,have;感官动词see,hear等后作宾补）： todo与doing作宾语的语义区别（如forget to do/doing) 知识点一：不定式todo系统讲解 1.基本结构及特征 1.基本形式：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） 2.特征：具有动词性质（可带宾语或状语）、名词性质（可作主语/宾语）、形容词性质（可作定语）、 副词性质（可作状语） 3.例句： ●He wants to buy a new bike.(带宾语a new bike) 。I told him not to play in the street.(否定式) 2.作主语（常用t作形式主语，不定式后置) 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.直接作主语：To learn English well is important. 2.形式主语结构：It+be+adj.m.+to do sth.例句：It is necessary to finish homework on time.(it为 形式主语，to finish.为真正主语) 3.作宾语（接在及物动词后) 1.常见接不定式的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、ty(尝试)、lean(学习) 2.例句： She hopes to visit Paris next year. They decided to start early tomorrow 4.作宾语补足语（用于”主语+谓语+宾语+tod0”结构) 1.常见动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、allow(允许) 2.例句： My mother told me to clean my room. The teacher asked us to read aloud. 5.作定语（修饰名词，表动作尚未发生) 1.位置：置于被修饰名词之后 2.例句： ●I have a lot of homework to do..(todo修饰homework,表”要做的作业') ●He is looking for a room to live in.(不及物动词+介词) 6.作状语（表目的、结果、原因) 1.目的状语：He got up early to catch the first bus.(为了赶早班车) 2.结果状语（常与only连用表意外结果）：He hurried to the station only to find the train had left. 3.原因状语（置于表情感的形容词后）：I am glad to see you.(见到你很高兴) 7.作表语（置于系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质) 1.例句： Her dream is to become a scientist. The most important thing is to stay calm 8.”疑问词+不定式结构（相当于名词性从句，作主语/宾语） 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.常见疑问词：what,how,when,where,which 2.例句： ●Idon't know what to do next..（作宾语，相当于what I should do) ·How to solve the problem is still a question.(作主语) 知识点二：不定式odo的基本用法和功能 1.作主语（表示具体动作或一件事） 1.基本结构：To do sth.+谓语动词（常用单数形式） 2.常用句型：It+be+形容词/名词+to do sth.(it作形式主语，真正主语是todo短语) 3.例句： 。To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要) 。It is necessary to finish homework on time.(按时完成作业是必要的：it是形式主语，真正主语是 to finish homework on time) 2.作宾语（跟在及物动词后，表动作内容） 1.常见接不定式作宾语的动词：want(想要)、hope(希望)、decide(决定)、plan(计划)、try(尝 试)、leam(学习)、agree(同意)、refuse(拒绝) 2.结构：主语+动词+to do sth. 3.例句： 。She wants to buy a new bike..(她想买一辆新自行车；want后接to buy) 。They decided to visit the museum tomorrow.(他们决定明天去参观博物馆；decide后接to visit) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语的动作或状态） 1.常见接不定式作宾补的动词：ask(要求)、tell(告诉)、want(想要)、teach(教)、allow(允许)、 help(帮助，to可省略) 2.结构：主语+动词+宾语+tod0sh.(被动语态中to不可省略) 3.例句： ·My mother told me to clean my room.(妈妈让我打扫房间；me是宾语，to clean是宾补) ·He was asked to wait outside.(他被要求在外面等；被动语态中to保留) 4.作定语（修饰名词，表将要发生的动作或功能） 3 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.位置：位于被修饰名词之后 2.逻辑关系：不定式与名词通常是动宾关系（若不定式动词为不及物动词，需加介词） 3.例句： ●I have a lot of homework to do.(我有很多作业要做；todo修饰homework,表'要做的作业') ·She needs a pen to write with.(她需要一支笔写字；write是不及物动词，加介词with,to write with 修饰pen) 5.作目的状语（表示动作的目的，常位于句首或句中) 1.位置：句首时常用逗号隔开，句中时无需逗号 2.结构：To do sth.,+主句/主句+to do sth 3.例句： ·To catch the early bus,he got up at6a.m.(为了赶上早班车，他早上6点起床；To catch表目的) 。She studies hard to pass the exam.(她努力学习是为了通过考试；to pass表目的) 6.作表语（位于系动词后，说明主语的内容或性质） l.常见系动词：be(是)、seem(似乎)、appear(显得)、become(变得) 2.结构：主语+系动词+to do sth. 3.例句 ·Her dream is to be a teacher.（她的梦想是成为一名老师；tobe表语，说明dream的内容) ·He seems to know the answer.(他似乎知道答案；to know表语，说明主语的状态) 7.固定搭配与句式（高频考点） 1.常见固定结构： 。had better(not)do sth.(最好（不）做某事)：You had better not go out alone.(你最好不要独自出 去) 。would like to do sth.(想要做某事)：I would like to drink some water.(我想喝点水) 。Why not do sth.?(为什么不做某事？)：Why not join us?(为什么不加入我们呢？) 2.不带to的不定式：情态动词(can,may,must等)入、助动词(do,does,did)后接动词原形：let/make/have sb.do sth.(使役动词后宾补to省略，被动语态需还原to):He made me laugh.(他让我笑了)→I was made to laugh by him.(我被他逗笑了) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo（不定式) 4 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：He offers to help me with my English 。forget to do(忘记要做)→例句：Don't forget to turn off the lights. 。remember to do(记得去做)→例句：Remember to take your umbrella. 。agree to do(同意做)→例句：She agrees to join our club ●refuse to do(拒绝做)→例句：He refuses to lend me his bike ·promise to do(承诺做)→例句：I promise to return the book on time. 。would like to do(想要做)一例句：They would like to visit the museum. 。seem to do(似乎做)→例句：She seems to know the answer.. ·prepare to do(准备做)→例句：We prepare to have a picnic. 。choose to do(选择做)→例句：He chooses to study math. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： ·ask sb.not to do（要求某人不要做)→例句：The teacher asks us not to be late. ●tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My mother tells me not to eat too much candy. 。want sb.todo(想要某人做)→例句：I want my brother to help me. 2.doing（动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： 。practice doing(练习做)→例句：We practice playing the piano every day. ·keep on doing(继续做)→例句：He keeps on working hard.. 。feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream ·give up doing(放弃做)→例句：She gives up learning French ·be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：They are busy preparing for the exam, ·can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：Ican't help laughing. ·stop doing(停止做)→例句：Ie stops watching TV and starts to study. ·start doing(开始做)→例句：They start planting trees in the morning ·continue doing(继续做)→例句：She continues reading after dinner. 。prefer doing（更喜欢做)→例句：I prefer swimming to running. 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 。be worth doing(值得做)→例句：The movie is worth watching 。have fun doing(做某事很有趣)→例句：We have fun playing games. ●be used for doing(被用来做)→例句：Knives are used for cutting things 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 3.done(过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。get done(被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut. ◆be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)→例句：She is interested in invited to the party. 。be surprised at done(对被…感到惊讶)→例句：He is surprised at told the news. ·be pleased with done(对被…感到满意)→例句：We are pleased with given the chance. 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： ·see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：I see the window broken. 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She hears the song sung. ·make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：He makes his car washed. 考法精析 考法一：不定式作状语辨析 核心：根据上下文语境，判断不定式在句中作目的、结果或原因状语，并选择正确形式 真题1（语法填空）： She stayed up late_(finish)her homework last night. 答案：to finish 解析：句意为”她昨晚熬夜是为了完成作业”，表目的，用不定式to finish作目的状语。 真题2（完形填空）： He rushed to the hospital only_that his mother had already left. A.finding B.to find C.find D.found 答案：B 解析：由'ony”可知表意外结果，用'only to do”结构作结果状语，故选B。 考法二：非谓语动词作定语辨析 核心：根据被修饰名词与非谓语动词的逻辑关系（主动/被动）及动作时态（未发生/进行中/已完 成)，选择不定式、现在分词或过去分词作定语 真题1（语法填空）： The students_(attend)the lecture now are from Class Three. 答案：attending 6 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 解析：现在分词作定语，修饰students,表主动进行，”正在参加讲座的学生”。 真题2（单项选择)： We need more people-(help)with the project next week. A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 答案：B 解析：不定式作定语修饰people,.表动作尚未发生，”将要帮忙的人”，符合next week的时间提示。 考法三：不定式作宾语补足语的主动与被动转换 核心：掌握主动语态中”动词+宾语+不带to的不定式”结构变为被动语态时需还原o,以及接带 to不定式的动词在被动语态中的用法 真题1（单项选择）： The teacher made him_the word again.Later,he was made it ten times. A.read to read B.to readread C.readread D.to read to read 答案：A 解析：主动语态中使役动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾补，即”make sb.do sth.”,故第一空填 read;变为被动语态时需还原to,结构为”sb.be made to do sth.”,故第二空填to read。 真题2（语法填空）： She was asked一(sing)a song at the party yesterday.(所给词sing) 答案：to sing 解析：句中主语she是动作ask的承受者，用被动语态；as在主动语态中接带to的不定式作宾补， 即”ask sb.to do sth.”,变为被动语态时结构为sb.be asked to do sth”,故填to sing。 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 非谓作状分三类，目的要用todo来；结果意外only to,原因分词更精彩。 非谓作定看关系，主动进行用doing:被动完成用done替，将来动作todo带。 综合运用要记牢，todo常表目将来：doing主动兼进行，done被动已完成。 固定搭配需留意，tell sb.not to do;spend time doing sth.,这些用法别混淆。 真题演练 > 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.She hurried to the station only-the train had already left. A.finding B.to find C.find D.found 2.The manager promised-the problem as soon as possible. A.solve B.solving C.to solve D.solved 3.We should keep the classroom-every day A.cleaning B.to clean C.cleaned D.clean 4.He is looking forward to_his grandparents during the summer vacation. A.visit B.visiting C.visited D.to visit 5.The novel_by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.writing B.to write C.written D.write 6.She seems-the truth about the accident. A.know B.knowing C.to know D.known 7.English well,we need to practice it every day A.Learn B.Learning C.To learn D.Learned 8.I have a lot of homework-tonight. A.do B.to do C.doing D.done 9.The teacher asked us_loudly in the library. A.not talk B.not talking C.not to talk D.not talked 10.When_about his favorite hobby,he mentioned reading books. A.ask B.asking C.asked D.to ask 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.He got up early_(catch)the first bus this morning. 2.My brother enjoys_(play)basketball with his friends after school. 8 高中沪教上海版 【语法专版】 非谓语动词全解 3.The workers refused_(work)overtime without extra pay. 4.I happened(meet)my old classmate in the supermarket yesterday. 5.-(improve)his speaking skills,he joined an English club. 6.The book(write)by Lu Xun is still popular today. 7.She pretended(read)when her mother came into the room. 8.We succeeded in(finish)the project ahead of time. 9.He was too tired(walk)any further. 10.The heavy rain caused the river_(rise)by two meters. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last weekend,I decided 1.-(visit)the Science Museum with my friends.On the way,we saw a group of volunteers 2.-(clean)the park.They told us they were trying 3.-(make)the city more beautiful. Inspired by them,we joined in 4.(pick)up litter. After arriving at the museum,we were surprised 5.-(see)many interesting exhibits.One of the guides, 6.-(dress)in a blue uniform,explained the history of space exploration to us.She mentioned that China plans 7.-(send)more astronauts to the moon in the future. In the afternoon,we attended a lecture 8.-(give)by a famous scientist.He encouraged us 9.-(pursue) our dreams and never give up.When asked about his secret to success,he smiled and said,"The key is 10.(keep)learning every day." 参考答案 演练-：1B2.C3.C4.B5.C6.C7.C8B9.C10.C 1.to catch 2.playing 3.to work 4.to meet 5.To improve 6.written 7.to be reading 8.finishing 9.to walk 10.to rise 1.to visit 2.cleaning 3.to make 4.picking 5.to see 6.dressed 7.to send 8.given 9.to pursue 10.to keep 9