特殊结构与综合语法 主谓一致系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 语法专版 【专题】主谓一致系统讲解 语法专项突破 考频分析 北师大版高中特殊结构与综合语法中，主谓一致是核心语法点，考频占句法总量的15%左右，覆 盖试卷主要题型：单项选择3-4题、语法填空2-3题、短文改错2-3题、书面表达基础考察，直接 影响句子结构正确性。在语境复杂的题目中，主语的单复数判定、特殊句式的主谓搭配往往是解题 关键。 考查内容 ·语法规则应用：主语单复数形式与谓语动词的匹配（如不可数名词、集体名词作主语时的谓语形式） ·特殊句式一致：there be句型、倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致，以及主语后接介词短语时的主谓匹配 ·复合主语一致：并列主语(and/or连接)不定代词(each/every/no+名词)、数量词短语(a number of/the number of)作主语时的谓语形式 知识点一：主谓一致的基本原则 1.语法一致原则（主语与谓语单复数形式一致) ·规则1：单数主语（第三人称单数代词/不可数名词/单数可数名词）→谓语用单数（动词+s/s) 例句：(I)He plays basketball every day..(第三人称单数主语He,谓语用plays)(2)Water boils at 100C.(不可数名词Water,谓语用boils) ·规则2：复数主语（复数代词/可数名词复数）→谓语用复数（动词原形） 例句：(I)They study hard for the exam.（复数主语They,谓语用study)(2)These books belong to me.(可数名词复数books,谓语用belong) 2.意义一致原则（根据主语实际意义判断单复数） ·规则1：集合名词表整体时谓语用单数，表成员时用复数 例句：(1)The family is watching TV now.(family表整体“家庭”，谓语用is)(2)The family are having dinner together.(family表成员“家人”，谓语用are) 1 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 。规则2：“th+形容词”表一类人时，谓语用复数 例句：The old need more care from society.(the old表“老年人”，谓语用need) 3.就近一致原则（谓语单复数取决于最近的主语） 。常见结构：either.or./neither.nor.not only.but also.there be句型 例句：(I)Either you or he is right.(最近主语he为单数，谓语用is)(2)There is a pen and two books on the desk.(最近主语apen为单数，谓语用is) 知识点二：主谓一致核心规则与特殊情况 1.语法一致原则（主语单复数决定谓语形式） ·基础规则：单数主语用单数谓语(is/does/动词三单)，复数主语用复数谓语(are/do/动词原形) 例句：(I)The boy plays soccer every day.(单数主语the boy,谓语用plays)(2)These students study hard.（复数主语these students,谓语用study) ·不可数名词作主语：视为单数，用单数谓语 例句：(1)Water is important for life.(不可数名词water,谓语用is)(2)This news sounds interesting. (不可数名词news,谓语用sounds) 2.意义一致原则（主语意义单复数决定谓语) ·集合名词：表示整体时用单数，强调成员时用复数 例句：(I)The team is winning the game.(整体概念，用is)(2)The team are arguing about the plan. (强调队员，用are) 。复数形式名词表单数意义：如physics(物理)、maths(数学)，用单数谓语 例句：(I)Physics is my favorite subject..(学科名词表单数，用is) 3.就近一致原则（谓语形式随最近主语变化) 。常见结构：there be./either..or.neither..nor.not only.but also. 例句：(I)There is a pen and two books on the desk.(最近主语apen是单数，用is)(2)Neither you nor he knows the answer.(最近主语he是三单，用knows) 4.特殊结构主谓一致 ·不定代词作主语：someone/somebody/everyone/everything等用单数谓语；both/few/many等用复 数谓语 例句：(I)Everyone in the class likes English.(everyone表单数，用likes)(2)Both of them are from China.(both表复数，用are) ·时间/距离/金钱作主语：视为整体，用单数谓语 例句：(I)Ten years is a long time..(时间整体概念，用is)(2)Five hundred yuan is enough for the book.(金钱整体概念，用is) ·”the+形容词’表一类人：视为复数，用复数谓语 例句：(I)The old are taken good care of in this village.(表一类人，用are) 2 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 知识点三：主谓一致特殊规则 1.集合名词作主语 ·强调整体时，谓语动词用单数→例句：The class is listening to the teacher carefully 。强调个体时，谓语动词用复数→例句：The class are having a discussion about their favorite books. ●常见集合名词（必背）：family(家庭/家人)、team(团队/队员)、group(组/组员)、public(公众) 2.不定代词作主语 。指人不定代词：someone/somebody/.anyone/anybody/.everyone/everybody/.no one/nobody作主语，谓 语用单数→例句：Everyone in our class likes English. 。指物不定代词：something/anything/everything/.nothing作主语，谓语用单数一例句：Something is wrong with my bike ●both/few/a few/many作主语，谓语用复数→例句：Few students are late for school today. 3.特殊句式中的主谓一致 ●there be句型：be动词与最近的名词保持一致→例句：There is a book and two pens on the desk./There are two pens and a book on the desk. ·分数/百分数+of+名词：谓语动词与of后的名词单复数一致一例句：Three fifths of the water is clean./Three fifths of the students are from the city. 。并列主语：nd连接两个不同主语时谓语用复数：连接两个并列成分指同一人/物时用单数→例 The teacher and the student are in the classroom./The writer and teacher is coming soon. 考法精析 考法一：语法一致原则应用 核心：根据主语的单复数形式（第三人称单数代词/不可数名词/单数可数名词用单数谓语，复数代 词可数名词复数用复数谓语)，匹配正确动词形式 真题1（语法填空)： The little girl_(study)hard every day to improve her English. 答案：studies 解析：主语“The little girl”为单数可数名词，根据语法一致原中“单数主语→谓语用单数”规 则，study的第三人称单数形式为studies。 真题2（完形填空）： These children_(play)in the park every weekend.They always have a good time together. A.play B.plays C.played D.is playing 答案：A 解析：主语“These children”为复数可数名词，根据语法一致原则中“复数主语→谓语用复数”规 则，谓语动词用原形play。 3 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 考法二：主谓一致综合判断 核心：结合语法一致原则与不定代词作主语规则，判断谓语单复数形式 真题1（语法填空)： Everyone in our class-(enjoy)playing basketball during PE class. 答案：enjoys 解析：主语'everyone'”为单数不定代词（知识点二规则2(I),根据语法一致原则（知识点一规则 1),谓语用单数形式，enjoy加-s变为enjoys。 真题2（单项选择)： Neither the teacher nor the studentslate for the meeting yesterday. A.was B.were C.is D.are 答案：B 解析：主语由'neither...nor.”连接，遵循就近一致原则（知识点一规则3），最近主语”students'”为 复数：由时间标志词'yesterday”可知用一般过去时，复数谓语用were。 考法三：综合运用主谓一致三大原则及特殊结构 核心：结合语法一致、意义一致、就近一致原则，处理包含集合名词、不定代词、插入语等特殊结 构的主谓一致问题 真题1（单项选择)： Neither the teacher nor the studentslate for school this morning. A was B were C is D are 答案：B 解析：neither.nor.结构遵循就近一致原则，最近的主语students为复数，且时间标志词this morning 表明用一般过去时，因此谓语用were。 真题2（语法填空)： The family with their pet dog(go)to the park every Sunday. 答案：goes 解析：主语后接with插入语时，谓语单复数由主语The family决定。此处family表整体概念，视为 单数，且every Sunday表明用一般现在时，因此谓语用goes。 解题小妙招 主谓一致妙招 语法一致是基础，单主单谓复主复： 不定代词作主语，熟记单数(everyone/each)和复数(al/both): 就近原则要记牢，neither nor either or靠后标； 意义一致看整体，class/team表整体用单数，表成员用复数： what从句作主语，单复概念看句意： 时态标志先定位，结合语境判时态，主谓一致才准确。 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.The committeedifferent opinions on the new policy,so they need more time to discuss. A.have B.has C.is having D.was having 2.Neither my parents nor my brotherto the United States before. A.have been B.has been C.are going D.is going 3.A number of studentsinterested in the English drama club,but the number of memberslimited to 20. A.is;are B.are;is C.are;are D.is;is 4.What the children needgood books and a quiet reading environment. A.is B.are C.was D.were 5.Here_the results of the exam.You can check your score now. A.come B.comes C.is coming D.are coming 6.Physics_considered one of the most challenging subjects by many students. A.is B.are C.was D.were 7.My family-planning a trip to Yunnan this summer,and all of us looking forward to it. A.is:are B.are;is C.is;is D.are;are 8.Ten yearspassed since we graduated from high school,but we still keep in touch. A.have B.has C.is D.are 9.Either you or your deskmate responsible for the missing textbook. A.is B.are C.was D.were 10.The teacher with her students_visiting the science museum now. A.is B.are C.was D.were 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.Each of the students (have)a dictionary in our class. 2.Both the twins(enjoy)playing the piano in their free time. 3.The number of online courses_(increase)rapidly in recent years 4.What he said(make)me think deeply about my future. 5.There_(be)a library and two playgrounds in our school. 6.The old in this community_(take)good care of by volunteers. 7.One of the girls(win)the first prize in the writing competition last week. 8.Neither the manager nor the employees_(know)about the company's new plan yet. 9.Mathematics(be)my favorite subject when I was in high school. 5 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 特殊结构与综合语法 10.So hard(work)the farmers that they harvested a good crop this year. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) The Importance of Reading Reading is a lifelong skill that(benefit)people in many ways.It not only broadens our horizons but also improves our critical thinking.Many studies-(show)that individuals who read regularly tend to have better vocabulary and communication skills. A common misconception is that reading_(require)a lot of time,but even short daily reading sessions (be)helpful.For example,reading for 15 minutes before bed(help)reduce stress and improve sleep quality. What makes reading truly valuable(be)its ability to connect us with different cultures and experiences. Books(allow)us to travel through time and space without leaving our homes.Whether it is a novel,a newspaper,or a scientific article,each type of reading material(offer)unique insights. The habit of reading-(start)at a young age.Parents who read to their children regularly-(lay)a solid foundation for their future learning. 参考答案 演练-：1.A2B3.B4.B5.A6.A7.A8.B9.A10.A 1.has 2.enjoy 3.has increased 4.makes/made 5.is 6.are taken 7.won 8.have known 9.was 10.did work 1.benefits 2.have shown 3requires 4.are 5.helps 6.is 7.allow 8.offers 9.should be started 10.lay/are laying 6