基础动词用法 非谓语动词分类系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 语法专版 【专题】非谓语动词分类系统讲解 北师大版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 北师大版高中基础动词用法中，非谓语动词是重点语法模块，考频占动词用法总量的30%左右，贯 穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空4-5题、语法填空3-4题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子结构复杂度与表达丰富性。在语境理解类题目中，非谓语动词的形式选择、逻辑主语及 句法功能往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·形式与句法功能：不定式(todo)、动名词(doing)、分词（现在分词doing过去分词done)在句中 作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法辨析 ·固定搭配与逻辑关系：接不定式、动名词的动词/形容词固定搭配，分词作状语时与逻辑主语的主 动/被动关系判断 ·特殊结构与语境应用：独立主格结构、wth复合结构中的非谓语动词用法，以及结合时态、语态的 综合语境应用（如to be done/being done/having done的区别） 知识点一：非谓语动词的分类及基础用法 1.动词不定式（(t0+动词原形，有时省略to) 1.功能：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.例句： ·To learn English well is important..(作主语) ·He wants to buy a new bike.(作宾语) ●Her job is to teach children.(作表语) 。I have a lot of work to do.(作定语) 。She came here to see me.(作目的状语) 。My mother asked me to clean the room.(作宾语补足语) 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 2.动名词（动词原形+ing,具有名词性质） 1.功能：可作主语、宾语、表语、定语 2.例句： ·Swimming is good for health.(作主语) ·He enjoys playing basketball..(作宾语) ·Her hobby is dancing.(作表语) ·There is a swimming pool in our school.(作定语) 3.分词 1.现在分词（动词原形+g,表主动或进行）：可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 ·The running water is very clear..(作定语，表主动) ·They walked in the park,singing happily..(作状语，表伴随) ·The story is interesting.(作表语，表特征) 。I saw him playing football.(作宾语补足语，表进行) 2.过去分词（动词-d形式，表被动或完成）：可作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语 ·The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语，表被动) 。Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful..(作状语，表被动) 。She is interested in music.(作表语，表状态) ·I have my hair cut..(作宾语补足语，表被动) 知识点二：非谓语动词分类及用法 1.动词不定式（to+动词原形) 1.基本功能及标志 ·标志词：to+动词原形（否定式：not to+动词原形） ·功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.作主语 。结构：T0+动词原形+其他成分 。例句： 1.To learn English well is important..(学好英语很重要) 2.It is necessary to finish homework on time.(按时完成作业是必要的，it为形式主语，真正主 语是to finish homework on time) 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 3.作宾语 ·结构：主语+谓语动词+o+动词原形 。例句： 1.She wants to buy a new book.(want后接不定式作宾语) 2.He decided to study hard.(decide后接不定式作宾语) 4.作宾语补足语 ●结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+t0+动词原形 。例句： 1.My mother asks me to clean my room.(ask sb.to do sth.) 2.The teacher told us to read more books.(tell sb.to do sth.) 2.动名词（动词原形+-ing） 1.基本功能及标志 。标志词：动词原形+-ig(具有名词性质) ·功能：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 2.作主语 ·结构：动词原形+-ing+其他成分 。例句： 1.Swimming is good for health.(游泳对健康有好处) 2.Reading books makes me happy.(读书让我开心) 3.作宾语 。结构：主语+谓语动词+动词原形+-ing ·例句： 1.He enjoys playing basketball.(enjoy后接动名词作宾语) 2.I practice speaking English every day.(practice后接动名词作宾语) 4.作定语 。结构：动词原形+-ing+名词 。例句： 1.a swimming pool(swimming修饰pool) 2.a reading room(reading修饰room) 3.现在分词（动词原形+-ing） 3 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 1.基本功能及标志 ·标志词：动词原形+-ng(具有形容词和副词性质，表主动或进行) ·功能：作定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.作定语（表主动或正在进行） 。结构：动词原形+-ing+名词 。例句： 1.a running boy(unning表主动和进行) 2.falling leaves(falling表正在进行) 3.作状语（表时间、原因、伴随等） ·例句： l.Walking in the park,I saw a beautiful bird.(表时间) 2.Being tired,she went to bed early.(表原因) 4.作宾语补足语（表主动或正在进行） 。结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+动词原形+-ing 。例句： 1.I heard her singing in the room.(singing表主动和进行) 2.We saw the children playing games.(playing表主动和进行) 4.过去分词（动词过去分词形式） 1.基本功能及标志 ·标志词：动词过去分词（规则动词加-d,不规则动词需特殊记忆：具有形容词和副词性质，表 被动或完成) ·功能：作定语、状语、宾语补足语 2.作定语（表被动或完成） ·结构：动词过去分词+名词 ●例句： 1.a broken cup(broken表完成) 2.the invited guests(invited表被动) 3.作状语（表被动或完成） ·例句： l.Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful..(seen表被动) 2.Given more time,I can finish the work better.(given表被动) 4 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 4.作宾语补足语（表被动或完成） ·结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+动词过去分词 。例句： l.I found the door closed.(closed表完成) 2.We heard the song sung in English.(ung表被动) 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.todo(不定式) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： ●forget to do(忘记去做)→例句：Don't forget to buy milk on your way home. ·remember to do(记得去做)一例句：Remember to turn off the lights before leaving. ·stop to do(停下来去做)→例句：He stops to talk with his friend on the street:. 。start to do(开始去做)→例句：The baby starts to cry when he sees his mother leave, 。begin to do(开始去做)→例句：It begins to rain when we arrive at the park 。like to do(偶尔喜欢做)→例句：I like to swim in summer. ·love to do(喜爱去做)→例句：She loves to dance at parties.. 。hate to do(讨厌去做)→例句：He hates to wait for a long time. 。offer to do(主动提出做)→例句：They offer to help the old man carry the bag. ·promise to do(承诺做)一→例句：I promise to return the book next week 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 。ask sb.not to do(要求某人不要做)一例句：The teacher asks us not to be late. 。tell sb.not to do(告诉某人不要做)→例句：My father tells me not to play computer games too much. 。It takes sb.some time to do(做某事花费某人多长时间)例句：It takesme30 minutes to walk to school. 2.doing(动名词/现在分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。feel like doing(想要做)→例句：I feel like eating ice cream now. ·give up doing(放弃做)→例句：He gives up playing video games to study. 。put off doing(推迟做)→例句：They put off having the party until next Sunday ·can't help doing(忍不住做)→例句：She can't help laughing when she hears the joke. 5 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 。be busy doing(忙于做)→例句：My mother is busy cooking dinner in the kitchen. ●consider doing(考虑做)一例句：He considers moving to a new city ·suggest doing(建议做)一例句：She suggests going to the movies tonight ●keep on doing(继续做)→例句：He keeps on working although he is tired. 。prefer doing(更喜欢做)→例句：I prefer reading books to watching TV. ·spend money doing(花费金钱做)→例句：They spend200 yuan buying the new book 2.固定短语搭配（中考常考）： 。be worth doing（值得做)→例句：The movie is worth watching 。have fun doing（做某事很开心)→例句：We have fun playing on the beach 。be used for doing(被用来做)→例句：Knives are used for cutting things. 3.done(过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背)： ·get done(a被…)→例句：My bike got repaired yesterday 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the old house pulled down. 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She heard the song sung in English. 。make sth.done(使某事被做)→例句：He made his voice heard by everyone 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错）： 。done作定语（表示被动或完成）→例句：I like the book written by Lu Xun 。done作表语（表示状态）→例句：The door is closed now. ·done作宾语补足语（表示被动）→例句：We keep the windows closed in winter. 解题小妙招 非谓语作主语妙招 具体一次性用不定式，习惯性抽象用动名词： it作形式主语结构，for/of sb to do要分明： 修饰事物特征用for,描述人物品质用of。 非谓语作状语妙招 作状语先判逻辑主，主动关系用现分，被动关系用过分： 目的状语不定式，only to do表意外结果： 完成动作先发生，having done来体现。 6 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 非谓语综合应用妙招 主动进行用现分，被动完成用过分： 不定式可表将来，也能作结果和目的： insist on后接动名，复合结构要记清： wth复合结构中，宾语与分词关系明，主动进行用现分。 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作主语的区别 核心：根据动作是否为具体一次性行为或习惯性抽象概念，判断用不定式还是动名词作主语 真题1（语法填空）： -(learn)a foreign language well requires a lot of practice and patience. 答案：Learning 解析：句中“学好一门外语”表示抽象概念，应用动名词作主语，leam的动名词形式为Learning。 真题2（单项选择)： It is importantus-keep calm in an emergency. A.for;to B.of;to C.for,/D.of;/ 答案：A 解析：形容词important修饰事物特征，应用“for sb.todo”结构，故第一空填for,第二空填to。 考法二：非谓语动词作状语与逻辑主语判断 核心：结合非谓语动词作状语的功能（目的、结果、伴随等）及逻辑主语与句子主语的关系（主 动/被动)，选择正确的非谓语形式 真题1（语法填空）： -(see)from the top of the tower,the city looks more beautiful. 答案：Seen 解析：句子主语为“the city”,与非谓语动词“see”是被动关系（城市被看），且表完成状态，故用 过去分词Seem作状语。 真题2（完形填空）： He hurried to the airport,only that the flight had taken off. A.finding B.to find C.found D.find 答案：B 解析：“only to do”结构作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，符合句意“匆忙赶到机场却发现航班 7 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 已起飞”，故选不定式to find。 考法三：非谓语动词与独立主格结构综合应用 核心：结合语境判断非谓语动词的类型（不定式、动名词、分词）及独立主格结构的逻辑关系，掌 握主动/被动、进行/完成的语义辨析 真题1（单项选择）： -the homework,the boy went out to play with his friends. A.Finishing;done B.Having finished;to do C.When finished;doing D.With;finished 答案：D 解析：句中“the homework”与“finish”是被动关系，且需要独立主格结构表示“作业被完成”的 状态，with复合结构“with+宾语+done”符合语法规则，其他选项逻辑主语或语态错误。 真题2（语法填空）： The teacher came into the classroom,(hold)a book in her hand.When she saw the-(break)window, she stopped(talk)and asked who did it. 答案：holding;broken,:talking 解析：第一空现在分词作伴随状语（主动关系）；第二空过去分词作定语表完成状态：第三空$op doing sth.表示“停止正在做的事”，用动名词talking。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.It is kindyou help me carry the heavy box. A.for;to B.of;to C.for;/D.of/ 2.-in the morning is good for our health. A.Run B.To run C.Running D.Ran 3.He hurried to the classroom,onlythe class had already begun. A.finding B.to find C.found D.find 4.The problem-at the meeting yesterday was about environmental protection. A.discussing B.discussed C.to discuss D.being discussed 5.With the teacherus,we finished the project successfully. A.help B.to help C.helping D.helped 6.It is important for students_good learning habits. A.develop B.to develop C.developing D.developed 7.the novel twice,he still wants to read it again. A.Reading B.Having read C.Read D.To read 8 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 8.The girl in red is my sister. A.dress B.dressing C.dressed D.to dress 9.no bus,we decided to take a taxi. A.There being B.There is C.There to be D.There was 10.My parents don't allow meout late at night. A.stay B.to stay C.staying D.stayed 演练二：填空试题（共10题，用括号内动词的适当形式填空） 1.-(learn)English well is one of my goals this year 2.She was happy(receive)the invitation to the party. 3.The meeting-(hold)tomorrow is about the new policy. 4.(see)from the top of the mountain,the village looks like a picture. 5.I have a lot of homework(do)this weekend. 6.The teacher told us _(not be)late for class. 7.-(finish)his homework,he went to play basketball with his friends. 8.The book(write)by Lu Xun is very popular. 9.With so many tasks(complete),I can't go out with you 10.It's careless of you (make)such a mistake again. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Many students find it difficult_(improve)their English writing skills.(solve)this problem,they can start by reading more English articles.Reading helps-(build)vocabulary and learn sentence structures. -(write)a good composition,it's important to plan first.Some students prefer(use)outlines before writing,while others like(brainstorm)ideas freely. Last week,our teacher asked us_(write)a story about our childhood.I decided_(describe)a trip to the countryside with my grandparents.(remember)the details clearly,I called my grandma for help.With her_(help)me,I finished the story in two hours. 答案区 演练-：1.B2.C3B4.B5.C6B7.B8.C9.A10.B 1.Learning 2.to receive 3.to be held 4.Seen 5.to do 6.not to be 7.Having finished 8.written 9.to complete 10.to make 9 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础动词用法 1.to improve 2.To solve 3.build 4.To write 5.using 6.to brainstorm 7.to write 8.to describe 9.To remember 10.helping 10