基础动词用法 动词时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 语法精讲 【专题】动词时态系统讲解 北师大版高中英语语法全解 考频分析 北师大版高中英语基础动词用法中，动词时态系统是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的25%左右， 贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(3-4题)、完形填空(4-5题)、语法填空(3-4题)、书面表达 (核心考察，直接影响句子时态一致性与语境准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，动词时态的辨析、时 间状语的匹配及上下文逻辑呼应往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·基础时态结构：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时(wil/shall do,be going to do)、现在进行时、 过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时的构成形式与标志性时间状语 ·时态语境辨析：不同时态在时间先后关系（如过去完成时与一般过去时）、动作持续性（进行时）、 影响关联性（完成时）等语境中的准确选用 。时态特殊用法：现在完成时与for/since的搭配、一般现在时表计划真理、过去进行时表背景动作、 将来时在条件/时间状语从句中的运用（主将从现） 知识点一：动词时态系统讲解 1.一般现在时（表示经常性、习惯性动作或客观真理） 。构成：主语+动词原形（第三人称单数加-s/-s) 。例句： 1.She gets up at6:00 every morning.（习惯性动作) 2.The earth goes around the sun.(客观真理) 2.一般过去时（表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态） 。构成：主语+动词过去式 。例句： 1.He visited Beijing last summer.(过去动作) 1 高中北师大版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 2.They were happy yesterday.(过去状态) 3.一般将来时（表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态） 。常见结构：will+动词原形/be going to+动词原形 。例句 1.I will go to college next year.(will结构) 2.It is going to rain soon.(be going to结构，表预测) 4.现在进行时（表示此刻正在进行的动作） 。构成：an/is/are+动词-ing形式 ·例句： l.They are playing basketball now.(此刻动作) 2.She is reading a book at the moment 5.过去进行时（表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作） ·构成：was/were+动词-ing形式 。例句： 1.I was doing homework at8p.m.yesterday.(过去特定时刻动作) 2.They were watching TV when I arrived. 6.现在完成时（表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作/对现在造成的影响） ●构成：have/has+动词过去分词 ·例句： 1.I have lived here for 10 years.(持续到现在的动作) 2.She has finished her homework,so she can play now.(对现在的影响) 知识点二：情态动词的基本用法与常见搭配 1.can/could(能力、许可、请求) 。基本含义及用法：can表示现在的能力或许可；could表示过去的能力，或委婉请求（语气比can 更客气) 。肯定句结构：主语+can/could+动词原形 。例句： l.She can speak three languages.(现在能力，can+speak) 2.They could swim when they were five.(过去能力，could+swin) 。否定句结构：主语+can't/couldn't+动词原形 。例句： 2 高中北师大版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 1.I can't play the piano.(can't +play) 2.He couldn't finish the work yesterday.(couldn't finish) 。疑问句结构：Can/Could+主语+动词原形？ 。例句： 1.Can I borrow your pen?(请求许可，Can+主语+borrow) 2.Could you help me with my homework?(委婉请求，Could+主语+help) 2.may/might(许可、可能性) ●基本含义及用法：may表示许可（比can更正式）或可能（可能性较大）：night表示可能（可 能性较小)或委婉请求 ·肯定句结构：主语+may/might+动词原形 。例句： 1.You may leave now.(许可，may+leave) 2.It might rain tomorrow.(可能性小，might+rain) ·否定句结构：主语+may not/might not+动词原形 ·例句： 1.You may not smoke here.(may not+smoke) 2.She might not come to the party.(might not come) ●疑问句结构：May+主语+动词原形？ 。例句： 1.May I use your phone？(请求许可，May+主语+use) 3.must/have to(必须、义务) 。基本含义及区别：must表示主观上的必须（说话人认为应该做）：have to表示客观上的必须（因 外界因素不得不做)，有人称、时态变化(has to/had to/will have to) ·nust肯定句结构：主语+must+动词原形 。例句： l.We must遵守the school rules.(must+follow) 2.She must finish her homework first.(must finish) ●must否定句结构：主语+nustn't+动词原形（表示禁止） ·例句： 1.You mustn't play with fire.(mustn't+play) 。have to肯定句结构：主语+have/has/had+to+动词原形 ·例句： 1.I have to get up early tomorrow.(have to get up) 2.He has to work on weekends.(has to work) 3 高中北师大版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 ·have to否定句结构：主语+don't/doesn't/didn't+have to+动词原形 ·例句： 1.You don't have to come here tomorrow.(don't have to come) 4.should/ought to（应该、建议) ·基本含义及用法：should和ought to都表示应该，ought to语气稍强，结构为ought to+动词原形 ·should肯定句结构：主语+should+动词原形 。例句： 1.You should study hard.(should study) 2.He should see a doctor.(should+see) ●should否定句结构：主语+shouldn't+动词原形 。例句： 1.You shouldn't eat too much junk food.(shouldn't eat 。ought to肯定句结构：主语+ought to+动词原形 ·例句： 1.We ought to help each other.(ought to help) 5.need(需要) ·基本含义及用法：作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句，后接动词原形：作实义动词时，后 接todo,有人称、时态变化 。情态动词否定句：主语+neen't+动词原形 。例句： 1.You needn't wait for me.(needn't+wait) ·情态动词疑问句：Need+主语+动词原形？ ·例句： l.Need I call him back?(Need+主语+call) ·实义动词肯定句：主语+need/needs/needed+to+动词原形 。例句： 1.I need to buy a new bag.(need to buy) 2.She needs to finish the project.(needs to finish) 6.had better(最好) 。基本含义及用法：表示建议，意为“最好做某事”，后接动词原形，否定形式为had better not+ 动词原形 ·肯定句结构：主语+had better+动词原形(had可缩写为'd) ·例句： 4 高中北师大版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 1.You'd better go to bed early.(had better +go) 2.We had better take an umbrella.(had better+take) 。否定句结构：主语+had better not+动词原形 ·例句： 1.You had better not be late.(had better not+be) 知识点三：动词时态系统讲解 1.一般现在时 。基础用法拓展（中考必背）： l.表示经常性、习惯性动作→例句：She gets up at6:30 every morning 2.表示客观真理或事实→例句：The earth goes around the sun,. 3.主语为第三人称单数时动词变化→例句：He plays basketball after school. 4.用于时间/条件状语从句（主将从现）→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 2.一般过去时 。基础用法拓展（中考必背）： l.表示过去发生的动作或状态→例句：I visited the Great Wall last summer 2.标志词：yesterday,.last week,in2020→例句：She finished her homework last night. 3.动词不规则变化→例句：He bought a new book yesterday. 4.否定句/疑问句借助助动词did→例句：Did you go to the park yesterday?? 3.一般将来时 。基础用法拓展（中考必背）： l.will+动词原形→例句：We will have a picnic next Sunday. 2.be going to+动词原形（计划/打算）一例句：She is going to study medicine in college. 3.标志词：tomorrow,next year,soon→例句：They will arrive here soon. 4.there be句型的将来时→例句：There will be a football match tomorrow. 4.现在进行时 。基础用法拓展（中考必背）： 1.an/is/are+动词-ing→例句：He is playing computer games now, 2.标志词：now,at the moment,.look→例句：Look!The birds are singing in the tree.. 3.表示现阶段正在进行的动作一→例句：We are learning Unit3 this week, 4.动词变-ing的规则（去e/双写尾字母）→例句：She is writing a letter to her friend. 5 高中北师大版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 考法精析 考法一：情态动词表推测 核心：根据语境判断对现在、将来或过去情况的推测，选择正确的情态动词形式 真题1（语法填空)： The ground is all wet.It_(rain)last night. 答案：must have rained 解析：由“地面全湿了”这一现在结果推测过去一定发生过“下雨”的动作，对过去的肯定推测用 “nust have+过去分词”，rain的过去分词为rained。 真题2（单项选择)： She_be at home now.I saw her leave for the airport ten minutes ago. A must B can't C may D might 答案：B 解析：由“十分钟前看到她去机场了”可知，现在“不可能”在家，对现在的否定推测用“can't+ 动词原形”。 考法二：时态与情态动词表推测结合 核心：根据上下文语境判断动作发生的时间，结合情态动词对现在/过去的推测规则，选择正确的 情态动词形式 真题1（语法填空)： The ground is all wet.It_(rain)last night. 答案：must have rained 解析：由“last night”可知动作发生在过去，地面湿了是过去下雨的证据，表肯定推测，用“must have+过去分词”结构，rain的过去分词为rained。 真题2（单项选择)： -Where is Lucy? -Shebe in the library.I saw her go there just now. A.must B.can C.might D.can't 答案：A 解析：根据“saw her go there just now”可知有明确证据表明Lucy现在在图书馆，表对现在的肯定 推测，用“must+动词原形”。 考法三：动词时态与情态动词的综合运用 6 高中北师大版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 核心：结合语境判断时态，正确使用情态动词表能力、推测或义务，掌握不同时态下情态动词的搭 配规则 真题1（单项选择)： Sheswim when she was five,but now shego to swimming lessons every weekend. A.can;has to B.could;has to C.can;must D.could;must 答案：B 解析：第一空根据“when she was five'”(过去时间)表过去能力，用could;第二空“每周上游泳 课”是客观要求，用have to,主语he为第三人称单数，故用has to.。 真题2（语法填空)： They_(finish)the project by next Friday,so theywork late this week. 答案：will finish;must 解析：第一空“by next Friday”(下周五前)表将来动作，用一般将来时will finish;第二空根据语 境“必须本周加班”，表主观义务，用must+动词原形wok。 解题小妙招 情态动词推测妙招 情态动词表推测，时间语境是关键： 现在推测“must/cant+动原”，过去推测“have done”连： 肯定推测用“must”,否定推测“can't”先： “since”“for”现完时，“by the time”过去完： 主动被动看关系，被动“be done”结构全。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My parents_in this city for over 20 years,so they know every corner of it. A live B have lived C lived D will live 2.By the time we got to the station,the trainalready. A left B has left Chad left D will leave 3.Yoube quiet in the library.It's a rule for everyone. A can B may C must D might 4.Look!The children kites in the park.It seems they are having fun. A fly B flew C are flying D will fly 7 高中北师大版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 5.The project by the team before next Friday,according to the plan. A will complete B will be completed C has completed D was completed 6.She told me sheto Paris the following month for a business trip. A goes B went Chas gone D would go 7.The ground is covered with snow.It-heavily last night. A must snow B must have snowed C can snow D might snow 8.Ian email to my pen pal at 8 o'clock tomorrow evening. A write B wrote C will be writing D have written 9.Theythe experiment for three hours,but they haven't got the result yet. A do B are doing Chave been doing D will do 10.-Where is Tom? -He_in the classroom.I saw him reading there just now. A must be B can't be C might be D must have been 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We_(learn)English for 6 years,and we can speak it fluently now. 2.The film(start)at 7 p.m.yesterday,but we arrived 10 minutes late. 3.By the end of next year,my brother(finish)his university studies. 4.Look!The workers_(build)a new bridge across the river. 5.She said she_(visit)her grandparents the next weekend. 6.The book_(translate)into Chinese by many volunteers last year. 7.You(not worry)about me.I can take care of myself. 8.They_(wait)for the bus for half an hour when it finally came. 9.This time tomorrow,I(travel)to Shanghai by plane. 10.The classroom(clean)by the students every day. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Last summer,I decided to learn how to swim.Before that,I_(never try)swimming because I was afraid of water.My friend Lily,who(swim)for years,offered to teach me. On the first day,I_(stand)at the edge of the pool and felt nervous.Lily said,"Don't worry.You_(be) able to swim in a week if you practice hard."I took her advice and practiced every day. By the end of the third day,I(already master)basic strokes.Lily was surprised and said,"You_(have) a talent for swimming!"On the seventh day,when my parents came to watch,I(swim)50 meters without 8 高中北师大版 【语法全解】 基础动词用法 stopping.My father(take)a video of me,which he later showed to all our relatives. Now,I_(swim)every weekend.I even joined the school swimming team.Swimming-(become)an important part of my life,and I'm glad I overcame my fear. 参考答案 演练-：1.B2.C3.C4.C5.B6D7.B8.C9.C10.A 1.have learned/learnt 2.started 3.will have finished 4.are building 5.would visit 6.was translated 7.needn't worry/don't need to worry 8.had been waiting 9.will be traveling 10.is cleaned 演练三：l.had never tried2.had been swimming/had swum3.stood4.will be5.had already mastered 6.must have 7.swam 8.took 9.swim/am swimming 10.has become 9