基础词法 名词与代词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】名词与代词系统讲解 词法专项突破 考频分析 北师大版高中英语基础词法中，名词与代词是重点语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，贯穿 试卷所有核心题型：单项选择2-3题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-4题、书面表达核心考察，直 接影响句子指代明确性与语法规范性。在语境理解类题目中，名词的数、格及代词的指代一致性往 往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·名词分类与功能：可数名词与不可数名词的辨析、单复数变化规则，名词所有格的构成与用法 。代词体系应用：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词(some/any,few/itle,none/nothing 等)的指代关系与句法功能 ·主谓一致：名词单复数、集合名词、不定代词作主语时与谓语动词的数的匹配规则 知识点一：名词的分类及基础用法 1.专有名词（特定人、地方、机构等的专属名称，首字母大写） 1.常见类型： 。人名(Tom) 。地名(Beijing) 。国名(China) 。节日(Christmas) 。机构名(Oxford University) 2.例句： ·Beijing is the capital of China.(地名) 。Christmas is celebrated in many countries.(节日) 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.普通名词（表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称，首字母小写） 1.可数名词（可表示数量，有单复数形式）： 。student(学生)→复数students ·book(书)→复数books ·例句：There are three students in the classroom. 2.不可数名词（不可直接表示数量，无复数形式，需用单位词修饰）： 。water(水)、information(信息)、advice(建议) 。例句：I need a glass of water./She gave me some good advice. 3.抽象名词（表示抽象概念，多为不可数）： ·happiness(幸福)、knowledge（知识)、time(时间) ●例句：Knowledge is power.. 3.集体名词（表示一群人或一些事物的总称，可视为单数或复数） 1.常见集体名词： 。family(家庭)、class(班级)、team(团队)、people(人们) 2.例句： ●The family is having dinner together.(视为整体，单数) ·The class are discussing a question.(视为个体，复数) 4.物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质或材料，多为不可数） 1.常见物质名词： ·gold(黄金)、air(空气)、wood(木头)、milk(牛奶) 2.例句： Air is necessary for life This desk is made of wood. 知识点二：名词与代词系统 1.名词的分类与用法 1.专有名词（特定人、地、物的名称，首字母大写） 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。例词：China(中国)、Monday(周一)、Tom(汤姆)、The Great Wall(长城) 。例句：Beijing is the capital of China..（北京是中国的首都) 2.普通名词（可分为可数名词与不可数名词） ·可数名词：有单复数形式 单数变复数规则： a.一般加-s:book→books（书)、student-→students(学生) b.以sx/sh/ch结尾加-es:bus-buses(公交车)、box→boxes(盒子) c.以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i加-es:city一→cities(城市)、baby-babies(婴儿) d.不规则变化：man→men(男人)、woman-→women(女人)、child-→children(孩子) 例句：There are three books on the desk.(桌上有三本书) 。不可数名词：无复数形式，量的表达需用”数词+量词+of 常见类型：食物(rice米饭、bread面包)、液体(water水、milk牛奶)、抽象名词(love爱、 knowledge知识) 例句：I need a glass of water.(我需要一杯水) 2.代词的分类与用法 1.人称代词（指代人或事物） ·主格（作主语）：I(我)、you(你/你们)、he(他)、she(她)、it(它)we(我们)they(他们) 例句：She is my best friend.(她是我最好的朋友) ●宾格（作宾语）：me(我)、you(你你们)、him(他)、her(她)、it(它)、us(我们)、them (他们) 例句：My mother bought a gift for me.(妈妈给我买了礼物) 2.物主代词（表示所属关系） ·形容词性物主代词（修饰名词）：my(我的)、your(你的/你们的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、 its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们的) 例句：This is my pencil.(这是我的铅笔) ·名词性物主代词（相当于”形容词性物主代词+名词”）：mine（我的)、yous(你的/你们的)、 his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、ours(我们的)、theirs(他们的) 例句：The red bag is hers.(那个红色的包是她的) 3.反身代词（指代主语本身） ·构成：形容词性物主代词+self/selves（复数) ·例词：myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)、himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自 己)、ourselves(我们自己)、yourselves(你们自己)、themselves(他们自己) ·固定搭配：by oneself(独自)、enjoy oneself(玩得开心) ●例句：She taught herself English.（她自学英语) 3 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 知识点三：名词与代词系统讲解 1.名词的分类与功能 1.基础分类拓展（中考必背)： 。专有名词（特定人W物/地点）→例句：Beijing is the capital of China. 。普通名词（可数）→例句：There are three books on the desk ·普通名词（不可数）一→例句：I need some water to drink, ·集体名词（表示群体）→例句：The family are having dinner together, 。抽象名词（表示概念）→例句：Happiness is important for everyone.. 。物质名词（表示材料）→例句：This desk is made of wood, 。复合名词（两个名词构成）→例句：My father is a bus driver 。名词所有格('s形式)→例句：Tom's bag is on the chair. 。名词所有格(of结构)→例句：The legs of the table are long ·名词作定语（修饰另一名词）→例句：I bought a new story book 2.功能用法（中考核心）： 。作主语→例句：Dogs are loyal animals,. ·作宾语→例句：She loves music very much, ·作表语→例句：My brother is a student ●作定语→例句：We have a math class today. 。作同位语一→例句：This is my friend,Lucy. 2.代词的分类与用法 1.基础分类拓展（中考必背)： 。人称代词（主格)→例句：He is my best friend 。人称代词（宾格）→例句：I often help her with English. 。物主代词（形容词性）一例句：This is my pen, ·物主代词（名词性)→例句：The red bike is hers 。反身代词→例句：She taught herself English ·指示代词→例句：These books are interesting ●疑问代词→例句：Who is your favorite teacher? ·不定代词(some/any)→例句：I have some apples. 。不定代词(many/much)→例句：There are many students in the park. 。不定代词(each/evey)→例句：Each student has a dictionary. 4 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.特殊用法（中考易错)： ·it作形式主语→例句：It is easy to learn English 。it作形式宾语→例句：I find it interesting to read novels 。one指代前文名词→例句：I have a red pen,.and she has a blue one. ●that/those指代前文内容→例句：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai,. 。不定代词+形容词一→例句：I have something important to tell you. 3.名词与代词的一致关系 1.主谓一致（中考核心）： 。单数名词作主语→例句：The book is on the desk ●复数名词作主语一→例句：These flowers are very beautiful, 。不可数名词作主语→例句：Water is important for us.. 。集体名词作主语（强调整体）→例句：Our class is a good team. 。集体名词作主语（强调个体）→例句：The family are watching TV now. 2.指代一致（中考常考）： ·单数名词对应单数代词→例句：The girl lost her way. 。复数名词对应复数代词→例句：The students finished their homework 。不定代词作主语用单数→例句：Everyone is here today. 。复合不定代词对应单数→例句：Someone left his umbrella in the classroom. 。性别不明用they/them→例句：If a student comes late,they should tell the teacher. 考法精析 考法一：名词单复数及不可数名词用法辨析 核心：区分可数名词单复数变化规则，判断不可数名词的数量表达及谓语动词单复数形式 真题1（语法填空）： There are three(child)playing in the park.They look very happy. 答案：children 解析：由数量词hree”可知，此处需用可数名词复数形式：child的复数为不规则变化children。 真题2（完形填空)： Could you please give me some_on how to improve my reading skills? A.advice B.advices C.suggestion D.informations 答案：A 5 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解析：advice为不可数名词，无复数形式，”some advice”表示，一些建议”；suggestion为可数名词， 需用复数形式suggestions:information为不可数名词，无复数形式。 考法二：名词与代词语法填空综合考查 核心：结合名词的数（单复数）、代词的格（主格/宾格/物主代词）及指代一致性，在语境中完成语 法填空 真题1（语法填空）： Our class_(be)going to have a picnic this weekend.All of(we)are busy preparing food and drinks. 答案：are us 解析：第一空，class在此表示”班级成员”，视为复数，be动词用are:第二空，of为介词，后接宾 格us,指代”我们”。 真题2（语法填空)： The Smiths have two children.(they)son is a doctor,and_(they)daughter is a teacher.-(both)of (they)love_(they)jobs. 答案：Their their Both them their 解析：第一、二空后接名词son和daughter,用形容词性物主代词Their;第三空”两者都'用Both: 第四空of后接宾格them;第五空后接名词jobs,用形容词性物主代词their。 考法三：名词性从句中名词与代词的综合运用 核心：结合名词分类判断从句主语的单复数，正确使用人称代词指代先行词，掌握名词性从句的 引导词选择及语序规则 真题1（单项选择)： The news_our team won the game made all of_excited. A.that;we B.which;us C.that;us D.which;we 答案：C 解析：第一空引导同位语从句解释说明'news”的内容，从句不缺成分用that:第二空of”后接宾格 代词，”we”的宾格形式为”us”。 真题2（语法填空)： she needs most is_you can give her some practical advice instead of just sympathy 答案：What;that 解析：第一空为主语从句缺宾语，用what指代”她最需要的东西'；第二空为表语从句，从句不缺 成分且无疑问意义，用ht引导（此处hat不可省略）。 6 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 解题小妙招 名词代词妙招 名词单复看数量，规则复数加ss,特殊变化单独记：不可数名无复数，数量表达用数词+量词 +of”; 代词格位分三类，主格作主语，宾格放动介后，形物代后跟名词，名物代独立用：指代一致要注意， 单复人称需匹配： 名从引导看成分，缺主宾表用what,不缺成分用hat/whether;语序必用陈述序，切勿倒装和疑问。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.My parents always tell me that_is more important than money in life A.happiness B.happy C.a happiness D.happinesses 2.The team_preparing for the final match when the coach arrived A.is B.are C.was D.were 3.Could you please passthe dictionary?I need to look up a word A.my B.mine C.me D.I 4.The house is not but is much larger A.our theirs B.ours their C.our their D.ours theirs 5.She bought a new dress for_and made a cake foryesterday A.her myself B.herself ourselves C.herself herself D.her herself 6.surprised us most was he could speak five languages fluently A.What that B.That what C.What what D.That that 7.The teacher askedwe had finishedhomework A.if our B.that us C.whether ours D.how our 8.The reason why she was late is-she missed the early bus A.because B.why C.that D.for 9.of the students in our class have visited the Great Wall,but of them can tell the history clearly A.Few a few B.A fewfew C.A little little D.Little a little 10.The climate in Beijing is different fromin Guangzhou A.that B.this C.it D.one 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.There are two_(library)in our school and both have many books 7 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.My mother often tells me that(friend)is one of the most valuable things in life 3.The children enjoyed(they)very much at the birthday party last night 4.This is not my pen.It must be(she) 5.Could you please give me some-(advice)on how to learn English well? 6.(who)comes first will get a special prize from the teacher 7.The problem iswe can finish the work before Friday 8.I don't know he will come to the party or not 9.He asked me I had seen his lost wallet somewhere 10.-is important for us to learn how to protect ourselves 演练三：语法填空试题 Dear Tom, I'm writing to tell you about an interesting experience I had last week.-(what)happened was really amazing and I want to share it with you. Last Saturday,I went to the park with my friends.While we were walking,we saw a group of(child) playing by the lake.Suddenly,one of_(they)fell into the water.Everyone was shocked and didn't know what to do.Just then,a young man jumped into the lake without thinking.He swam to the child and carried (he)back to the bank safely. After the accident,we asked the man why he helped the child.He said,"(help)others is the most meaningful thing in life."His words touched all of us deeply. The parents of the child were very grateful.They told us that_(they)son was only six years old.They also said thatthe man hadn't saved him in time,something terrible would have happened. This experience taught meit's important to help people in need.I've decided to learn swimming during the summer vacation so that I can help others if necessary.What do you think of my decision?Please write back and tell meyou think about it. Best wishes, Li Hua 答案区 演练-：1.A2D3.C4.D5.C6.A7.A8.C9B10.A 1.libraries 2.friendship 3.themselves 4.hers 5.advice 6.Whoever 7.whether 8.whether 9.if/whether 10.It 8 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 演练三：1.What2.children3.them4.him5 Helping6.their7.if8.that9.what 9