基础词法 介词与连词系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 语法专版 介词与连词系统讲解 北师大版高中英语基础词法 考频分析 北师大版高中英语基础词法中，介词与连词是核心语法模块，考频占词法总量的15%左右，覆盖 试卷主要题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(2-4题)、书面表达（关键考 察，直接影响句子逻辑与连贯性)。在语境理解类题目中，介词的固定搭配及连词的逻辑关系辨析 往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。介词分类应用：时间介词(in/on/at)、地点介词(in/on/at)、方式介词(by/with/through)的辨析与 搭配 ·连词功能辨析：并列连词(and/but/or)、从属连词(if/because/although)的逻辑关系与句法作用 ·固定搭配与语境运用：介词短语(e.g.in charge of)、连词引导从句（状语从句/宾语从句）的语法规 则与语义匹配 知识点一：介词与连词系统讲解 1.介词（表示名词/代词与句中其他成分的关系） 1.常见类型： 。时间介词(at/in/on) 。地点介词(in/on/under) ●方式介词(by/with/.through) ·方位介词(between/among/across) 2.例句： ·We will meet at3p.m.(时间介词，表具体时刻) 。The book is on the desk.(地点介词，表物体表面位置) 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 2.连词（连接词、短语或句子，表逻辑关系） 1.并列连词（连接并列成分)： 。and(和)、but(但是)、or(或者)、so(所以) ·例句：She likes singing and dancing./He tried hard but failed. 2.从属连词（连接主句与从句)： ·because(因为)、if(如果)、when(当…时)、that(引导宾语从句等) ·例句：I didn't go out because it rained./She said that she would come. 知识点二：介词与连词系统讲解 1.常用介词及用法 1.时间介词 。at(具体时刻)：at8o'clock(在8点)、at noon(在中午) 。in(年/月/季节/泛指上午/下午/晚上)：in2023(在2023年)、in March(在三月)、in summer(在 夏天)、in the morning(在早上) 。on(具体日期/星期/特定某天的上午/下午/晚上)：on July1st(在7月1日)、on Monday(在周 一)、on a rainy afternoon(在一个下雨的下午) ●for(持续时间)：for three hours(持续三小时) ·since(从过去时间点开始)：since2020(自从2020年) 2.地点介词 ●in(在…内部)：in the room(在房间里)、in China(在中国) ·on(在…表面)：on the desk(在桌子上)、on the street(在街上) ●at(小地点)：at the station(在车站)、at school(在学校) ·under(在…下方)：under the chair（在椅子下面) 。behind(在…后面)：behind the door（在门后面) 3.方向介词 ●to(到…去)：go to school(去上学) ●from（从…来)：come from Beijing(来自北京) 。into(进入)：walk into the room(走进房间) 。out of(从…出来)：un out of the house(跑出房子) 2.常用连词及用法 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 1.并列连词 ·and(和，表并列)：I like apples and bananas.（我喜欢苹果和香蕉。) 。but(但是，表转折)：She is young but experienced.(她很年轻但有经验。) ●or(或者，表选择)：Would you like tea or coffee?(你想要茶还是咖啡？) ·so(所以，表结果)：He studied hard,so he passed the exam.（他努力学习，所以通过了考试。) 2.从属连词 。because(因为，引导原因状语从句)：I stayed at home because it rained.(因为下雨，我待在了家 里。) ·if（如果，引导条件状语从句)：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home..(如果明天下雨，我们 就待在家里。) 。when（当…时，引导时间状语从句)：I was reading when he came in.(他进来时我正在读书。) 。although/though(虽然，引导让步状语从句)：Although he is young,he knows a lot.（虽然他年轻， 但他知道很多。) 。that(引导宾语从句等)：I think that he is right.(我认为他是对的。) 知识点三：介词与连词系统讲解 1.常用介词及搭配（中考必背） l.in+时间/地点→例句：We will have a party in July.(时间)/There is a book in the bag.(地点) 2.on+具体日期/表面→例句：My birthday is on October 1st.(日期)/The cup is on the table.(表面) 3.at+时间点/小地点一例句：I getup at6:00a.m.(时间点)/She is waiting at the bus stop.(小地点) 4.with+工具/伴随→例句：We write with pens.(工具)/He came here with his friend.(伴随) 5.for+目的/时间段→例句：I bought a gift for my mother.(目的)/She has lived here for5 years.(时 间段) 6.from.to.(从…到…)→例句：We study from Monday to Friday. 7.by+交通工具/方式→例句：They go to school by bike.(交通工具)/I learn English by reading.(方 式) 8.about+内容例句：We are talking about the new movie. 2.常用连词及用法（中考核心） 1.并列连词（连接并列成分）： 。and(和，表并列)→例句：I like apples and bananas. 。but(但是，表转折)→例句：She is young but very clever.. 3 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 。or(或者，表选择)→例句：Do you want tea or coffee?? 。so(所以，表结果)→例句：He worked hard,so he passed the exam. 。for(因为，表原因，多用于句中)一例句：I didn't go out,for it was raining 2.从属连词（引导从句）： 。because(因为，引导原因状语从句)→例句：I was late because I missed the bus. 。if(如果，引导条件状语从句)→例句：If it rains tomorrow,we will stay at home. 。when（当…时，引导时间状语从句)→例句：I was reading when he came in. ·although/hough（虽然，引导让步状语从句)→例句：Although he is tired,he keeps working. 。hat(引导宾语从句等)→例句：She said that she would come. 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词作宾语辨析 核心：根据动词搭配习惯，判断其后应接不定式(todo)还是动名词(doing)作宾语 真题1（语法填空）： She decided_(study)abroad next year 答案：to study 解析：decide为固定搭配”decide to do”,后接不定式作宾语，故填to study。 真题2（完形填空）： He enjoys basketball with his friends after school. A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 答案：C 解析：enjoy为固定搭配'enjoy doing”,后接动名词作宾语，play的动名词形式为playing。 考法二：非谓语动词与介词搭配 核心：根据介词后接动词的非谓语形式规则，结合语境选择正确的动名词形式 真题1（语法填空）： She is good at_(swim)and often wins medals in competitions. 答案：swimming 解析：介词at后需接动名词作宾语，swim的动名词形式为swimming。 真题2（单项选择)： Thank you for me with my English homework A help B helps C helping D to help 答案：C 解析：介词for后接动名词，help的动名词形式为helping。 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 考法二：时态与连词引导的从句 核心：根据连词引导的从句类型（时间/条件状语从句），结合时态规则判断主句和从句的时态 真题1（语法填空）： I will call you as soon as I_(arrive)at the station tomorrow. 答案：arrive 解析：as soon as引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时表将来，arrive用原形。 真题2（单项选择）： If it next Sunday,we won't go hiking. A rain B rains C rained D will rain 答案：B 解析：if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，主语it为三单，ain加s。 考法二：非谓语动词与被动语态结合 核心：根据非谓语动词的被动含义及语态规则，判断分词形式或不定式被动式 真题1（语法填空）： The meeting_(hold)tomorrow is very important for our company. 答案：to be held 解析：由时间标志词“tomorrow”可知动作未发生，且meeting与hold为被动关系，用不定式被动 式to be held作定语。 真题2（单项选择)： -carefully,the notes will be useful for review. A Write B Writing C Written D To write 答案：C 解析：句中主语notes与write为被动关系，用过去分词Written作状语表被动完成。 考法三：时态、语态与介词/连词的综合运用 核心：结合语境判断时态和语态，正确使用介词表达时间/地点关系，以及连词连接逻辑关系 真题1（单项选择）： We to the park if it sunny tomorrow,and we will meet the gate at 9 a.m. A.will go is at B.go will be on C.go is in D.will go will be at 答案：A 解析：第一空考查主将从现，f引导条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，所以第一空 填will go,第二空填is;第三空“在门口”是小地点，用介词at。 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 真题2（语法填空)： This story-(write)by my uncle three years ago.He often tells us storieshe was young,and we are always interestedthem. 答案：was written when in 解析：第一空主语“stoy”是动作“write”的承受者，结合时间状语“three years ago”用一般过去 时被动语态，填was writter:第二空引导时间状语从句表示“当…时”，填连词when:第三空“对 …感兴趣”是固定搭配be interested in,填介词in。 解题小妙招 非谓语动词妙招 动词宾语看搭配，to do doing要记牢；decide hope接todo,enjoy finish跟doing: 介词之后必doing,at for in后动名词； 非谓语态看关系，主动doing被动done;动作未发用todo,被动tobe加done: 时态非谓综合看，先后关系用完成；by加时间表期限，be busy doing要记好。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.She refusedthe party because she had to finish her homework A.attend B.to attend C.attending D.attended 2.My brother practicesthe guitar for two hours every day A.play B.to play C.playing D.played 3.If it tomorrow,we will postpone the outdoor activity. A.rain B.rains C.rained D.will rain 4.The novel by Mo Yan has been translated into many languages. A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 5.He apologized for late to the meeting this morning A.be B.to be C.being D.been 6.the instructions,he successfully assembled the furniture. A.Follow B.Following C.Followed D.To follow 7.This kind of clothwell and is popular among customers. A.washes B.is washed C.washed D.was washed 8.Wein this city for ten years by next summer A.live B.have lived C.will live D.will have lived 6 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 基础词法全解 9.The teacher asked us noise in the classroom during the exam. A.not make B.not to make C.not making D.not to making 10.-his homework,he went out to play basketball with his friends. A.Finishing B.Having finished C.Finished D.To finish 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.I plan(visit)my grandparents during the winter vacation. 2.The children are interested in(watch)cartoon movies. 3.She has worked in this company since she(graduate)from college. 4.The meeting room_(clean)every day by the cleaning staff. 5.He was late for school because he forgot _(set)his alarm clock. 6.-(learn)English well,we need to practice speaking every day. 7.This book(sell)out in three days after it was published. 8.My parents often tell me-(not talk)to strangers on the street. 9.(walk)along the street,I met an old friend of mine yesterday. 10.The project must _(complete)by the end of this month. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) Last month,our class decided_(organize)a volunteer activity to help the elderly in a local nursing home. After_(discuss)theplan,we prepared gifts and planned various activities,such as singing and storytelling. On the day of the activity,we arrived at the nursing home_9 a.m.The elderly_(sit)in the yard, waiting for us warmly.Some students started_(chat)with them,while others helped_(clean)their rooms.I noticed an old lady reading a book silently,so I sat next to her and offered_(read)aloud for her.She smiled and thanked me,-(say)it reminded her of her granddaughter. By the time we left,many elderly people(cry)because they didn't want us to go.We promised_ (visit)them again soon.This experience taught us that small acts of kindness can bring great happiness to others 参考答案 演练-：1.B2.C3B4.C5.C6B7.A8D9.B10.B 1.to visit 2.watching 3.graduated 4.is cleaned 5.to set 6.To learn 7.sold 8.not to talk 9.Walking 10.be completed 1.to organize 2.discussing 3.at 4.were sitting 5.chatting 6.(to)clean 7.to read 8.saying 9.had cried 10.to visit 7