核心时态与语态 完成时态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 完成时态系统讲解 核心时态与语态 考频分析 北师大版高中英语中，完成时态系统是核心时态与语态模块的重点语法点，考频占时态语态总量的 30%左右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择3-4题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2-2题、书面表 达核心考察，直接影响句子逻辑与时间关系表达。在语境理解类题目中，完成时态的时间标志词辨 析、时态之间的转换及与其他时态的区分往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。现在完成时：基本结构(have/has+过去分词)、时间标志词(for,since,already,yet等)与未完成性、 影响性语境的匹配 ·过去完成时：基本结构(had+过去分词)、“过去的过去”时间参照点的判断，与一般过去时的区分 应用 ·现在完成进行时：基本结构(have/has been+现在分词)、动作持续性与未完成性的语境体现，与现 在完成时的辨析 知识点一：完成时态的构成及用法 1.现在完成时（表示过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态） 。基本结构：have/has+过去分词（主语为第三人称单数用has,其余用have) 。例句： l.I have lived in Beijing for5 years..(动作持续至今，for+时间段) 2.She has already finished her homework.(过去动作对现在的影响，already常用于肯定句) 2.过去完成时（表示过去某一时间前已完成的动作，强调“过去的过去”） 。基本结构：had+过去分词（无人称和数的变化） ·例句： 1.When I arrived at the station,the train had left.(“火车离开”发生在“我到达”之前) 1 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.He told me that he had read the book twice.(间接引语中，过去动作之前的完成动作) 3.现在完成进行时（强调动作从过去持续到现在并仍在进行） 。基本结构：have/has+been+现在分词 。例句： l.It has been raining for three hours.(动作持续进行，可能仍在继续) 2.She has been learning English since she was6 years old.(since+过去时间点，动作从过去持续 至今) 4.完成时态的时间状语标志 。现在完成时：already(肯定句)、yet(否定句/疑问句)、ever(疑问句)、never(否定句)、for+ 时间段、since+过去时间点/从句 ·过去完成时：by+过去时间点、before+过去时间、when/before引导的过去时间状语从句 知识点二：完成时态系统讲解 1.现在完成时（过去动作对现在的影响/动作持续到现在) 1.时间标志词 already（已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段（如for3 years)、since+时间点 (如since2020)、so far(到目前为止)、recently(最近)、in the past few years（在过去几年里) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词（主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用have) 例句： l.I have finished my homework already..(第一人称，用have+finished) 2.He has lived here for5 years.(三单主语，用has+-lived) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词(have/has been体现“现在完成时”，过去分词体现“被 动”) 例句： l.My homework has been finished by me already..(主语不可数，用has been+finished的过去分词 finished) 2.This house has been lived in by him for5 years.(主语单数，用has been+lived的过去分词lived: live是不及物动词，需加in) 2.过去完成时（过去某个动作之前发生的动作，“过去的过去”) 2 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.时间标志词 by+过去时间点（如by20l9、by last Friday)、before+过去时句子（如before he left)、when+一 般过去时句子（如When I arrived)、until then(直到那时）、hardly.when.（一…就…，hardly 后用过去完成时，when后用一般过去时) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+had+动词过去分词（无单复数变化，统一用had) 例句： 1.He had finished his work by 5 p.m.yesterday.(had+finished) 2.They had left before I arrived.(had+left;arrived是一般过去时，“离开”在“到达”之前) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+had been+动词过去分词(had been体现“过去完成时”，过去分词体现“被动”) 例句： l.His work had been finished by him by5p.m.yesterday.(had been+finished的过去分词finished) 2.The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived.(had been-+cleaned的过去分词cleaned) 3.现在完成进行时（过去开始持续到现在并可能继续的动作，强调动作的持 续性和未完成性) 1.时间标志词 since+时间点（如since2020)、for+时间段（如for3 hours)、all day(一整天）、recently(最近) how long（多久，用于疑问句) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+have/has been+动词现在分词(doing)(主语单数/三单用has,复数/第一人称用 have) 例句： 1.I have been studying English for8 years.(第一人称，用have been+studying,强调持续学习的过 程) 2.She has been waiting for you since9o'clock.(三单主语，用has been+waiting,动作从过去持续 到现在) 3.被动语态（初中阶段较少涉及，了解为主） 结构：主语+have/has been being+动词过去分词（极少使用，通常用现在完成时被动语态替代） 例句： The project has been being discussed by the team for weeks..(主语单数，用has been being+discussed的 过去分词discussed,强调持续被讨论的过程) 4.将来完成时（将来某个时间之前完成的动作） 3 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.时间标志词 by+将来时间点（如by next Friday、by2030)、before+将来时间点（如before he comes back)、whem +一般现在时句子表将来（如When you arrive) 2.主动语态 结构：主语+will have+动词过去分词 例句： l.I will have finished the report by next Monday.(will have+-finished,“完成报告”在“下周一”之 前) 2.They will have lived in this city for10 years by2025.(will have+-lived,到2025年持续居住满10 年) 3.被动语态 结构：主语+will have been+动词过去分词 例句： I.The report will have been finished by me by next Monday.(will have been-+finished的过去分i词 finished) 2.This building will have been completed by the end of this year.(will have been+completed 分词completed) 知识点三：完成时态 1.现在完成时 1.基础用法（中考必背)： 。表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作/状态→例句：I have lived in Beijing for 10 years. 。表示过去动作对现在造成的影响→例句：She has finishedher homework,so she can watch TV now. ·表示过去经历(ever/never/just/already/yet)→例句：Have you ever been to Shanghai? 2.标志词拓展（中考高频)： ·for+时间段一→例句：They have studied English for3 years. 。since+过去时间点/句子→例句：He has worked here since2020. 。already(肯定句)→例句：We have already eaten breakfast. ·yet(否定句/疑问句)→例句：Have you finished your work yet?? 2.过去完成时 1.基础用法（中考核心)： 4 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 。表示过去某动作前已完成的动作（过去的过去）→例句：When I arrived,.the party had already started ·与by+过去时间连用→例句：By last month,we had learned 1000 words. 2.常见搭配（中考易错）： ●hardly..when.…（刚…就…)一→例句：He had hardly left when it began to rain. 。no sooner..than.(刚…就…)→例句：No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang 3.现在完成进行时 1.基础用法（中考拓展)： 。表示从过去持续到现在并仍在进行的动作→例句：She has been studying English for2 hours.. 。强调动作的持续性和重复性→例句：It has been raining all week. 2.标志词特点： 。常与all day/.this week/recently等连用→例句：They have been playing football all afternoon. 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 完成时态三兄弟，has have had要分清： 现在完成找”since/for”,过去完成'by过去”寻： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”; 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK: 一现被动'am/is/are”,一过被动was/were; 进行被动要用being”,完成被动'have/has/had been'”; 将来被动will be'",最后加上一个done。 考法精析 考法一：完成时态基本结构判断 核心：根据主语人称和时态类型，选择正确的助动词及动词形式搭配 真题1（语法填空)： She (read)the novel three times since last month. 答案：has read 解析：由时间标志词'since last month”可知用现在完成时；主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has, 5 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 read的过去分词为read。 真题2（单项选择)： By the time we arrived,the meeting already A.had;finish B.has,finished C.had;finished D.was,finishing 答案：C 解析：by the time+过去时间'是过去完成时标志，结构为had+过去分词，finish的过去分词为 finished. 考法二：完成时态与一般过去时的对比运用 核心：依据时间状语与上下文逻辑，区分完成时态（现在完成时过去完成时）与一般过去时的适 用场景 真题1（语法填空)： By the time we arrived at the cinema,the movie(start)already.We missed the opening scene. 答案：had started 解析：由时间状语By the time+一般过去时从句”可知，”电影开始”发生在到达影院”之前，即 过去的过去”，用过去完成时：stat的过去分词为started。 真题2（单项选择)： She in this school for 8 years,but she moved to another city last month. A.has taught B.taught C.had taught D.teaches 答案：B 解析：由转折连词but'及后句”moved可知，”教学”动作在过去已结束，与现在无关，用一般过 去时：teach的过去式为taught。 考法三：完成时态与时间标志词及被动语态的综合应用 核心：结合时间标志词判断完成时态类型，区分主动与被动语态，掌握不同完成时态的被动结构 (现在完成时：have/has been+-过去分词；过去完成时：had been+-过去分词；将来完成时：will have been+过去分词) 真题1（单项选择)： By the end of last month,all the work by the workers. A.has finished B.had been finished C.was finished D.will be finished 答案：B 解析：由时间标志词“By the end of last month”(到上月末为止)可知，动作发生在过去的过去，需 用过去完成时；主语“all the work”是动作“finish”的承受者，应用被动语态，结构为“had been +过去分词”，finish的过去分词为finished。 6 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 真题2（语法填空)： The project (discuss)by the team for three weeks,and they will continue tomorrow. 答案：has been being discussed 解析：由时间标志词“for three weeks'”及“will continue tomorrow”可知，动作从过去持续到现在 并可能继续，需用现在完成进行时；主语“The project'”是动作“discuss'”的承受者，应用被动语 态，结构为“has been being+过去分词”，discuss的过去分词为discussed。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.My brother in this company for 10 years and he still works here now. A.works B.worked C.has worked D.will work 2.By the time the police arrived,the thief the stolen money. A.has hidden B.had hidden C.hides D.is hiding 3.She to Paris twice,so she knows the city very well. A.goes B.went C.has gone D.has been 4.The old building down before we moved into the neighborhood A.was pulled B.had been pulled C.has been pulled D.pulled 5.They the project since last March,and it's still not finished. A.are doing B.did C.have done D.have been doing 6.I this movie last week,but I want to watch it again. A.watch B.watched C.have watched D.am watching 7.When I called her,she for the exam for 3 hours. A.studied B.was studying C.has studied D.had been studying 8.The meetingfor 2 hours by the time we arrived. A.had lasted B.lasted C.has lasted D.was lasting 9.A new hospital in our town since 2022,and it will open next year. A.builds B.is built C.has been built D.has been being built 10.He to call me yesterday,but he forgot. A.plans B.planned C.has planned D.had planned 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.We (live)in this house since 2015 2.By 5 o'clock yesterday,they (finish)all the work. 3.My mother(cook)dinner for 2 hours,and it smells great now. 7 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 4.The letter (deliver)by the postman already.You can check the mailbox 5.She told me she (read)the book before. 6.I(not see)my uncle for 3 years.I miss him very much 7.When I got home,my sister(clean)the room,so it was tidy. 8.They(visit)the museum twice this month. 9.The bridge (build)by the workers for a year,but it's still under construction. 10.He (leave)the company last month because he found a better job. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer,I decided to learn swimming.Before that,I (never/swim)in a pool because I was afraid of water.My coach,Mr.Li,(teach)swimming for over 15 years,so he knew how to help beginners. On the first day,I (struggle)to stay floating,but Mr.Li encouraged me patiently.He said,"Many students (feel)the same way when they started."By the end of the second week,I. (can/swim) 50 meters without stopping. One afternoon,while I(practice)freestyle,a little girl fell into the deep pool.I(jump)in immediately and saved her.Mr.Li praised me,saying I(become)brave since I started learning. Now,I (swim)for 6 months,and I even joined the school swimming team.I realize that learning a new skill (change)me in many ways. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3D4.B5D6.B7D8.A9D10D 1.have lived 2.had finished 3.has been cooking 4.has been delivered 5.had read 6.haven't seen 7.had cleaned 8.have visited 9.has been being built 10.left 1.had never swum 2.has taught 3.struggled 4.could swim 5.was practicing 6.jumped 7.had be- come 8.have been swimming 9.has changed P