核心时态与语态 被动语态系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 语法全解 被动语态系统讲解 北师大版高中英语 考频分析 北师大版高中英语中，被动语态是核心时态与语态模块的重点内容，考频占语法总量的15%左右， 贯穿试卷主要题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空(2-3题)、语法填空(1-2题)、书面表达（重要 考察，直接影响句子结构的规范性与表达的准确性)。在语境理解类题目中，被动语态的时态变化、 主谓一致及与主动语态的转换往往是解题关键。 考查内容 。基本结构构成：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时的被动语态形式(am/is/are+done; was/were+done:will be+done:have/has been+done) ·主动与被动转换：不同时态下主动句变被动句的规则（含情态动词被动结构：情态动词+be+doe), 及特殊句式（如双宾语、复合宾语）的转换方法 。语境应用辨析：根据语境判断主动与被动语态的选用，常见于单项选择中动作承受者作主语的场景， 以及阅读理解中被动语态对长难句理解的影响 知识点一：被动语态的构成及基本用法 1.被动语态的基本结构 l.一般现在时：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken all over the world. 2.一般过去时：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written yesterday. 3.一般将来时：will be+过去分词/am/is/are going to be+过去分词→例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 4.现在进行时：am/is/are being+过去分词→例句：The bridge is being repaired now. 5.过去进行时：was/were being+过去分词→例句：The room was being cleaned at9o'clock yesterday. 6.现在完成时：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished already 2.被动语态的用法 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 1.强调动作承受者：例句：This novel was written by Lu Xun.(强调小说被鲁迅所写) 2.不知动作执行者：例句：My bike was stolen last night.(不知道谁偷了自行车) 3.动作执行者泛指：例句：It is said that he is a famous scientist.（据说他是一位著名科学家) 3.主动语态变被动语态的步骤 1.宾作主：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语→例句：主动：They built the house.被动：The house was built(by them). 2.谓变被：把主动句的谓语动词变为be+过去分词”形式→例句：主动：She eats an apple.被 动：An apple is eaten(by her), 3.主变状：把主动句的主语变为介词by的宾语（可省略）→例句：主动：He made this cake.被 动：This cake was made by him 知识点二：必考时态和被动语态 1.现在完成时 。时间标志词：already(已经，肯定句)、yet(还，否定句/疑问句)、for+时间段、since+时间点、so far(到目前为止) 。主动语态：主语+have/has+动词过去分词→例句：He has lived here for5 years.. 。被动语态：主语+have/has been+动词过去分词→例句：This house has been lived in by him for 5 years. 2.过去完成时 。时间标志词：by+过去时间点、before+过去时句子、when+一般过去时句子 。主动语态：主语+had+动词过去分词→例句：They had left before I arrived. 。被动语态：主语+had been+动词过去分词→例句：The room had been cleaned by them before I arrived 3.过去进行时 ·时间标志词：at8p.m.yesterday、this time last week、when+一般过去时句子 。主动语态：主语+was/were+动词现在分词→例句：She was watching TV at8p.m.yesterday.. ·被动语态：主语+was/were+being+动词过去分词→例句：TV was being watched by her at8 p.m.yesterday. 4.现在进行时 2 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 。时间标志词：now、at the moment、look、listen 。主动语态：主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词→例句：HIe is playing the guitar at the moment,. 。被动语态：主语+am/is/are+being+动词过去分词→例句：The guitar is being played by him at the moment. 5.一般将来时 。时间标志词：tomorrow、next week/month/year、in the future、soon、in three days 。主动语态：主语+will+动词原形或主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形→例句：She is going to buy a new dress tomorrow. 。被动语态：主语+will be+动词过去分词或主语+am/is/are going to be+动词过去分词→例句： A new dress is going to be bought by her tomorrow. 6.一般过去时 。时间标志词：yesterday、last week/nonth/year、just now、in2020、three days ago 。主动语态：主语+动词过去式一例句：He watched a movie yesterday evening ·被动语态：主语+was/were+动词过去分词一例句：A movie was watched by him yesterday evening 7.一般现在时 ·时间标志词：always、usually、often、every day/week/month、on Sundays、客观真理 。主动语态：主语+动词原形（非三单）/动词第三人称单数（三单）→例句：She teaches English in a middle school. 。被动语态：主语+am/is/are+动词过去分词→例句：English is taught by her in a middle school, 知识点三：被动语态 1.被动语态的基本结构 1.一般现在时被动：am/is/are+过去分词→例句：English is spoken by many people 2.一般过去时被动：was/were+过去分词→例句：The letter was written yesterday. 3.一般将来时被动：will be+过去分词→ 例句：A new hospital will be built next year. 4.现在完成时被动：have/has been+过去分词→例句：The work has been finished already. 2.主动语态变被动语态步骤 3 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 1.找宾语（动作承受者）→例句：主动：She cleans the room.(宾语：the room) 2.宾作主（宾语提前作主语）→被动：The room. 3.谓变被（谓语变为be+过去分词”，时态不变）被动：The room is cleaned.. 4.原主变（原主语前加by,可省略）→被动：The room is cleaned(by her). 3.被动语态特殊用法 1.不及物动词无被动→例句：The sun rises in the east. 2.带双宾语的被动→例句：主动：He gave me a book.被动：I was given a book(by him) 3.情态动词的被动→ 结构：情态动词+be+过去分词→例句：The work must be done today: 考法精析 考法一：基本结构识别 真题1（语法填空）： The Olympic Games_(hold)every four years. 答案：are held 解析：由'every four years”可知为一般现在时，主语为动作承受者，用被动语态”am/is/are+过去分 词'；主语为复数，be动词用are,hold的过去分词为held。 真题2（单项选择)： A new hospital in our city next year. A.builds B.will build C.will be built D.was built 答案：C 解析：由"next year”可知为一般将来时，主语hospital'是动作承受者，用被动语态”will be+过去 分词'，build的过去分词为buit。 考法二：主动被动转换与特殊结构应用 真题1（语法填空)： The teacher made him_(clean)the classroom yesterday..→被动转换：He was made(clean)the classroom by the teacher yesterday 答案：clean,to clean 解析：主动句中使役动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾补；被动句需还原to,构成"be made to do sth”结构。 4 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 真题2（单选题)： My mother bought me a new dress.(改为被动语态) A.I was bought a new dress by my mother. B.A new dress was bought to me by my mother. C.I was bought for a new dress by my mother. D.A new dress was bought me by my mother. 答案：A 解析：双宾语结构中以间接宾语”me”作主语时，被动结构为”主语+was/were+given/bought+直接 宾语'，无需加介词；若以直接宾语”a new dress'”作主语，需用'was bought for me'”,故B、C、D格 式错误。 考法三：被动语态与时态结合及语境应用 真题1（单项选择)： The bridge-for three years and it-by many people every day. A was built is used B has been built is used C was built was used D has been built was used 答案：B 解析：第一空时间标志词for three years'”表示动作持续到现在，用现在完成时被动语态has been built';第二空”every day'表常态，用一般现在时被动语态”is used'。 真题2（语法填空）： The meeting room_(clean)when I arrived yesterday morning.Now it_(decorate)with flowers for the party tonight. 答案：was being cleaned;is being decorated 解析：第一空when I arrived yesterday moming'”表示过去某个时刻正在进行的被动动作，用过去进 行时被动语态”was being cleaned';第二空”now'提示现在正在进行的被动动作，用现在进行时被动 语态'is being decorated'。 解题小妙招 时态语态妙招 时态判断看标志，没有标志品语境： 主动结构记”主谓”，被动必带be和done”: 被动中be最关键，记住be就OK; 现被动”am/is/are',一过被动"was/were”; 进行被动要用being”,完成被动have/has/had been'”; 5 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 将来被动will be'”,情态被动”情+be”: 感官使役变被动，o字千万要还原： 双宾结构被动变，间宾作主直接跟，直宾作主加介词： 固定句型要牢记，It is said that”常出现。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.A new library_in our school since last year and it-next month. A.was built;will open B.has been built;will be opened C.has been building;is opening D.built;opens 2.The workers were madethe whole day without any rest by the boss. A.work B.to work C.working D.worked 3.It is reported that more than 1000 trees_in the park by the end of last year. A.have been planted B.had been planted C.were planted D.will be planted 4.This kind of cloth_soft and well. A.feels;sells B.is felt;is sold C.feels;is sold D.is felt;sells 5.The problem at the meeting tomorrow if we can't solve it today. A.will discuss B.will be discussed C.is discussed D.was discussed 6.You_to leave until you finish all the work. A.won’t allow B.aren't allowed C.don't allow D.won't be allowed 6 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 7.My brother_to study abroad last year,and his application-soon. A.was advised;will be approved B.advised;approved C.was advised;approved D.advised;will be approved 8.The old man was seen_into the river,and a young man rushed to save him. A.fall B.to fall C.falling D.fell 9.If the projectby the end of this month,we_a bonus. A.will be completed;will get B.is completed,get C.is completed;will get D.has been completed;get 10.The book_in 1990,and it_into 10 languages so far. A.was written;has been translated B.wrote;translated C.was written;translated D.wrote;has been translated 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The classroom_(clean)by students every day 2.A new bridge_(build)over the river now. 3.The children(tell)not to play with fire just now. 4.This task_(must finish)before Friday. 5.He was heard_(sing)in the next room when I passed by 6.The novel_(write)by a famous author,but I can't remember his name. 7.The meeting_(hold)in the hall at 3 p.m.yesterday. 8.These books _(can not take)out of the reading room. 9.The thief(catch)by the police when he was trying to escape. 10.By the time we arrived,the film_(already start),so we missed the beginning 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） Solar Energy:A Clean Revolution Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources on Earth.It_(use)by humans for thou- sands of years,from heating water to powering cities.Today,solar panels_(install)on rooftops and in large 7 高中北师大版 【语法专版】 核心时态与语态 solar farms to convert sunlight into electricity. The first solar cell(invent)in 1839 by a French physicist,but it wasn't until the 20th century that solar technology_(develop)for practical use.Since then,solar power(become)increasingly affordable and efficient.By 2050,it is estimated that 50%of the world's electricity(generate)by solar energy. However,solar energy also has challenges.For example,solar panels-(affect)by bad weather,and energy storage systems-(need)to save electricity for night use.Despite these issues,governments and com- panies around the world_(invest)heavily in solar research.Last year,over $100 billion_(spend)on solar projects globally. As technology improves,solar energy-(play)a key role in reducing carbon emissions and fighting climate change. 答案区 演练-：1B2.B3B4.A5B6D7.A8.B9.C10.A 1.is cleaned 2.is being built 3.were told 4.must be finished 5.to sing 6.was written 7.was held 8.can not be taken 9.was caught 10.had already started 1.has been used 2.are installed 3.was invented 4.was developed 5.has become 6.will be generated 7.are affected 8.are needed 9.are investing 10.was spent 11.will play 8