非谓语动词 分词 doing done 系统讲解-2025-2026学年高考复习高中英语语法知识点全解（北师大版）

高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 非谓语动词版知识点全解 寒假专版 【专题】分词doing/done系统讲解 非谓语动词专项突破 考频分析 北师大版高中英语中，非谓语动词的分词doing/done是重点语法模块，考频占语法总量的l5%左 右，贯穿试卷所有核心题型：单项选择(2-3题)、完形填空（2-4题)、语法填空(3-4题)、书面表 达（核心考察，直接影响句子结构的丰富性与表达的准确性）。在语境理解类题目中，分词的主动 与被动关系、动作的时间关系及逻辑主语的一致性往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·句法功能辨析：doig作定语（表主动/进行）、状语（表伴随/原因/结果）、宾语补足语（表主动/进 行)：done作定语（表被动/完成）、状语（表被动/完成）、宾语补足语（表被动/完成） 。时态与语态关联：doing体现主动或动作进行，done体现被动或动作完成，与谓语动词时态的时间 逻辑匹配 。固定搭配与语境：doing用于介词后、部分动词（如enjoy,mind)后作宾语，done用于get/have sth done等固定结构，结合语境判断动作主被动及完成状态 知识点一：分词的分类及基础用法 1.现在分词(doing形式，表示主动或进行) 1.功能：可作定语、表语、状语或宾语补足语 2.例句： 。The running water is very clear.(作定语，表主动) ·He is reading a book.(作表语，表进行) 。Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(作状语，表伴随) 2.过去分词(done形式，表示被动或完成) 1.功能：可作定语、表语、状语或宾语补足语 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 非谓语动词版知识点全解 2.例句： ●The broken window needs to be repaired.(作定语，表被动) 。The cup is broken..(作表语，表完成) ·Seen from the top of the hill,,the city looks beautiful.(作状语，表被动) 知识点二：非谓语动词之doing和done的用法 1.现在分词doing（主动/进行) 1.作定语：表示被修饰名词的主动动作或正在进行的动作，置于名词前或后 ●a running boy(正在跑步的男孩，主动且进行，置于名词前) 。The girl singing in the room is my sister.(正在房间唱歌的女孩是我妹妹，主动且进行，置于名词 后) 2.作状语：表示与主句动作同时发生的主动动作，可表时间、原因、伴随等 ·Walking in the park,she met an old friend.(在公园散步时，她遇到了一位老朋友，表时间，主动) ·Being tired,he went to bed early..(因为累了，他早早就睡了，表原因，主动) 3.作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的动作，与宾语是主动关系 。I heard her singing in the next room.(我听见她在隔壁房间唱歌，her与sing是主动关系) 2.过去分词done（被动/完成) 1.作定语：表示被修饰名词的被动动作或已完成的动作，置于名词前或后 。a broken window(被打破的窗户，被动且完成，置于名词前) ·The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(鲁迅写的这本书很受欢迎，被动且完成，置于名词 后) 2.作状语：表示与主句动作相关的被动动作或已完成的动作，可表时间、原因、条件等 。Seen from the top of the hill,,the city looks beautiful.(从山J顶看，这座城市很美，表条件，城市被 看，被动) 。Encouraged by his parents,.he worked harder.(受到父母的鼓励，他学习更努力了，表原因，被鼓 励，被动) 3.作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的动作，与宾语是被动关系 ·I found the door locked when I got home.(我到家时发现门锁了，door与lock是被动关系) 2 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 非谓语动词版知识点全解 知识点三：非谓语动词 1.done（过去分词) 1.基础搭配拓展（中考必背）： 。be interested in done(对被…感兴趣)→例句：She is interested in invited to the party.(错误示 例，正确应为She is interested in being invited to the party.) ·get done(被…)→例句：My bike gets repaired yesterday.(错误示例，正确应为My bike got repaired yesterday. 。have sth.done(让某事被做)→例句：I have my hair cut every month 。see sth.done(看见某事被做)→例句：We saw the tree planted in the park. 。hear sth.done(听见某事被做)→例句：She heard the song sung by him, 2.特殊结构搭配（中考易错)： 。done作定语（表示被动或完成）→例句：The broken window needs to be fixed. 。done作表语（表示状态）→例句：The door is closed now. ·done作宾语补足语（表被动）→例句：He wants the work finished today. 考法精析 考法一：分词作状语的时态与语态辨析 核心：根据分词动作与谓语动作的时间关系（同时/先后）及主被动关系，选择正确的分词形式(o ing/being done/having done/having been done/done) 真题1（语法填空)： -(live)in London for five years,he can speak English fluently. 答案：Having lived 解析：“在伦敦住”这一动作先于“说英语流利”发生，且为主动完成，故用现在分词完成式having done。 真题2（单项选择)： -by the beautiful scenery,the tourists decided to stay for another week. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.Having attracted D.To attract 答案：B 解析：“被美景吸引”表被动原因，过去分词done可直接体现被动含义，故用attracted。 考法二：分词作状语的时态与语态综合判断 核心：结合动作发生的时间顺序（同时/先后）和主被动关系，选择正确的分词形式(doing/being done/having done/having been done/done) 3 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 非谓语动词版知识点全解 真题1（语法填空)： _(live)in London for five years,he can speak English fluently. 答案：Having lived 解析：“在伦敦住五年”这一动作先于“说英语流利”发生，且为主动完成，根据知识点二，强调 动作先后顺序且主动时用having done形式，live的现在分词完成式为having lived.. 真题2（完形填空）： -by the beautiful scenery,the tourists decided to stay for another day. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.Having attracted D.Having been attracted 答案：B 解析：句中“游客被美景吸引”表被动原因，根据知识点三，过去分词(doe)可作被动原因状语， 此处无需强调动作先后顺序，直接用过去分词attracted。 考法三：分词作状语的主动被动及动作先后关系判断 核心：结合语境判断分词与逻辑主语的主动/被动关系，以及分词动作与谓语动作的时间先后顺序， 选择正确的现在分词(doing/having done)或过去分词(done/having been done)形式。 真题1（单项选择）： in the street,she saw an old friend. A.Walk B.Walking C.Walked D.To walk 答案：B 解析：主语“she”与动作“walk”是主动关系，且“散步”与“看见朋友”同时发生，用现在分词 doing作状语，表主动和进行，故选B。 真题2（语法填空）： -(finish)his homework,he went out to play basketball 答案：Having finished 解析：主语“he”与动作“finish”是主动关系，且“完成作业”先于“出去打篮球”发生，用现在 分词完成式having done表主动完成，故填Having finished。 解题小妙招 分词作状妙招 时间先后看顺序，先于谓动用having done; 同时发生看主动，主动进行用doing: 被动关系很简单，done直接表被动： 完成被动虽存在，真题多现done简便： 结合语境辨主被，先后关系是关键。 真题演练 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 非谓语动词版知识点全解 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题) 1.the piano for hours,she felt very tired. A.Play B.Playing C.Having played D.Played 2.-by the noise,I couldn't fall asleep last night. A.Disturbing B.Disturbed C.Having disturbed D.To disturb 3.the news,they all cheered with excitement A.Hearing B.Heard C.Having heard D.To hear 4.The girl_in the park is my classmate. A.dance B.dancing C.danced D.to dance 5.for the bus,he read a newspaper to kill time. A.Wait B.Waiting C.Waited D.Having waited 6.-the project,we need to work overtime this week A.Completing B.Completed C.Having completed D.To complete 7.many times,he still couldn't solve the problem. A.Telling B.Told C.Having told D.To tell 8.the book,she wrote a report about it. A.Read B.Reading C.Having read D.To read 9.The houselast year is now a museum. A.build B.building C.built D.to build 10.in the sun for too long,her skin got sunburned. A.Sit B.Sitting C.Sat D.Having sat 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.(see)from the mountain,the city looks like a big garden. 2.(finish)his homework,he began to watch TV. 3.The teacher stood there,-(look)at the students silently. 4.-(invite)to the party,she bought a new dress. 5.(walk)along the street,I met an old friend yesterday. 6.The letter(write)in English is from my pen pal. 7.(tell)the truth,he felt much more relaxed 8.-(live)in Beijing for ten years,he knows the city very well. 9.The children ran out of the room,_(laugh)loudly. 10.(break)into pieces,the glass was thrown away. 高中北师大版 【寒假专版】 非谓语动词版知识点全解 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Sunday,I decided to visit the countryside with my friends.-(wake)up early,we packed our bags and set off.The weather was perfect-warm and sunny.Along the way,we saw farmers_(work)in the fields.(arrive)at the village,we were greeted by friendly locals.They showed us around their houses, _(decorate)with colorful flowers. After lunch,we went hiking.(walk)for about an hour,we reached a small lake.Some children were swimming in the lake,(shout)with joy.(see)their happy faces,I felt so relaxed. In the evening,we attended a local festival.-(dance)to traditional music,the villagers invited us to join them.-(experience)the culture firsthand,I realized how important it is to protect local traditions. Before leaving,we promised(come)back soon.It was truly an unforgettable day. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.B3.A4.B5B6.A7B8.C9.C10D 1.Seen 2.Having finished 3.looking 4.Having been invited 5.Walking 6.written 7.Having told 8.Having lived 9.laughing 10.Having sat 1.Waking 2.working 3.Arriving 4.decorated 5.Having walked 6.shouting 7.Seeing 8.Dancing 9.Having experienced 10.to come 6