Unit 5 Natural Disasters1-2025-2026学年高中英语必修二语法知识点全解(重大版)

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高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 寒假专版 Unit 5 Natural Disasters 语法专项突破 考频分析 重庆大学版必修第二册中,Unit5 Natural Disasters相关语法是重点语法模块,考频占语法总量的 15%左右,贯穿试卷核心题型:单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2题、书面表达核心 考察,直接影响句子逻辑性与场景描述准确性。在阅读理解和语法填空中,与自然灾害相关的词汇 运用及时态呼应往往是解题关键。 考查内容 ·情态动词+have done表推测:考频占语法总量的5%左右,主要分布在单项选择(1-2题)、完形填 空(1-2题)、语法填空(1题)。在语境理解类题目中,对过去情况的推测语气强弱及上下文逻辑 是解题关键。 ·自然灾害相关核心词汇:贯穿试卷所有核心题型,直接影响场景描述准确性和阅读理解正确率。 知识点一:情态动词+have done表推测 1.情态动词辨析 1.语气强弱与语义差异: ·must have done:表'肯定做过,(最强) 。cam't/couldn't have done:表”不可能做过”(强否定) 。may/might have done:表”可能做过”(中等) 。should/ought to have done:表”按理应该做过, 2.时间语境匹配 l.过去情况推测:结合时间状语判断(如She must have arrived home by now) 2.虚拟语气区分:could have done表推测”可能做过”与表虚拟”本可以做”的语境辨析 3.句式应用 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 1.陈述句:肯定、否定结构(He must have known the truth) 2.疑问句:Could they have finished the project? 3.情景对话:根据上下文进行合理推测的应用 知识点二:自然灾害相关核心词汇 1.自然灾害类型词汇 1.气象灾害类:typhoon(台风)、hurricane(飓风)、tomnado(龙卷风)、flood(洪水)、drought(干 旱)、thunderstorm(雷暴) 例句: (I)A strong typhoon hit the coastal city last night.(昨晚一场强台风袭击了这座沿海城市。) (2)The drought has lasted for three months,causing water shortages.(干旱已持续三个月,导致水资 源短缺。) 2.地质灾害类:earthquake(地震)、volcano(火山)、landslide(滑坡)、mudslide(泥石流)、tsunami (海啸) 例句: (I)The earthquake destroyed many houses in the village.(地震摧毁了村里的许多房屋。) (2)A tsunami was triggered by the underwater earthquake.(海底地震引发了海啸。) 2.描述灾害影响的动词 1.破坏与损毁:destroy(摧毁)、damage(损坏)、uin(毁坏)、collapse(倒塌) 例句: (I)The flood destroyed the bridge over the river..(洪水摧毁了河上的桥梁。) (2)The old building collapsed during the earthquake.(那座楼在地震中倒塌了。) 2.影响与导致:affect(影响)、cause(导致)、result in(导致)、leadto(导致) 例句: (1)The storm affected thousands of people's lives.(这场暴风雨影响了数千人的生活。) (2)Heavy rain caused serious flooding in the area.(大雨导致该地区发生严重洪灾。) 3.救援与应对相关词汇 1.救援行动:rescue(救援)、save(拯救)、help(帮助)、evacuate(疏散) 2 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 例句: (I)Firefighters rescued five people from the burning building.(消防员从着火的大楼里救出了五个 人。) (2)The government ordered people to evacuate the area before the typhoon arrived.(政府命令人们在 台风到达前疏散该地区。) 2.援助与支持:aid(援助)、support(支持)、supply(供应)、donate(捐赠) 例句: (I)Many countries sent aid to the disaster-.stricken area.(许多国家向灾区提供了援助。) (2)People donated food and clothes to the victims..(人们向灾民捐赠了食物和衣服。) 4.描述灾后状况的词汇 1.损失与伤亡:loss(损失)、death(死亡)、injury(受伤)、victim(受害者) 例句: (I)The storm caused a lot of economic loss.(这场暴风雨造成了巨大的经济损失。) (2)There were many victims in the earthquake.(地震中有许多受害者。) 2.重建与恢复:rebuild(重建)、recover(恢复)、restore(修复)、reconstruction(重建) 例句: (I)They are trying to rebuild their homes after the flood.(洪水过后,他们正努力重建家园。) (2)The city is slowly recovering from the disaster.(这座城市正从灾难中慢慢恢复。) 知识点三:There be句型与自然灾害场景结合 1.基本结构(中考核心) 1.肯定句:There be+主语+地点/时间状语 →例句:There was a strong earthquake in the city last night.(昨晚这座城市发生了强烈地震) 2.否定句:There be+not+主语+地点/时间状语 →例句:There wasn't enough food for the victims after the flood.(洪水后灾民没有足够的食物) 3.疑问句:Be+here+主语+地点/时间状语? →例句:Is there a shelter near the village for the storm?(村子附近有躲避暴风雨的避难所吗?) 2.主谓一致(中考必背) 1.单数主语:There is+可数名词单数/不可数名词 →例句:There is a big fire in the forest.(森林里有一场大火) 3 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 2.复数主语:There are+可数名词复数 一→例句:There are many people trapped in the earthquake.(地震中有很多人被困) 3.多主语就近原则:There be+A and B(be动词与A保持一致) →例句:There is a tornado and heavy rain in the area.(该地区有龙卷风和大雨) 3.时态变化(中考常考) l.一般过去时:There was/were →例句:There were two typhoons in this area last year.(去年这个地区有两次台风) 2.一般将来时:There will be/There is/are going to be →例句:There will be a tsunami warning at3p.m.(下午3点将有海啸预警) 3.现在完成时:There has/have been 一例句:There have been three earthquakes in this country since2020.(自2020年以来这个国家发生 过三次地震) 4.与自然灾害词汇搭配(单元重点) 1.常用名词搭配:earthquake(地震)、typhoon(台风)、food(洪水)、fire(火灾)、tsunami(海啸)、 stom(暴风雨) 例句: (I)There was a serious flood in the town after the heavy rain.(大雨后镇上发生了严重的洪水) (2)There are many volunteers helping after the typhoon.(台风过后有很多志愿者在帮忙) 考法一:情态动词+have done表推测的时态呼应与语境判断 1.与过去时间状语的搭配(必修核心) (I)明确过去时间状语(如yesterday,last week,in2020)时,情态动词+have done表对过去特定时 间动作的推测,不可用现在完成时时间状语(如yet,already) 例句:She must have left at8o'clock yesterday,for the train departed then.(她昨天一定8点走的,因 为火车那时发车。) (2)无明确过去时间状语时,默认推测过去动作对现在的影响,可与recently,.lately等模糊时间状语 连用 例句:They might have finished the project recently,.as the office is quiet now.(他们最近可能完成了项 目,因为办公室现在很安静。) 2.语境中推测语气的强弱判断(必修易错) (1)依据可能性程度选择情态动词(由强到弱):must>should>could>may>might 语境示例: -A:The light is on.(灯亮着。) 4 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 B:He must have come back.(他一定回来了。)(可能性最强,基于直接证据) -A:The meeting was at3p.m.(会议下午3点开始。) B:He should have arrived by now.(他现在按理说应该到了。)(基于常理推测) -A:She isn't answering the phone.(她没接电话。) B:She may have gone out.(她可能出去了。)(可能性较弱,无直接证据) (2)否定推测中can't/couldn't强于may not/might not 例句对比: -He can't have stolen the money.He was with me all day.(他不可能偷钱,他整天都和我在一起。)(完 全否定) -He may not have received the email.Let me check again.(他可能没收到邮件,我再查一下。)(部分 否定,留有余地) 3.虚拟语气与推测的语境区分(必修难点) (1)表推测:强调对过去事实的”可能性判断”(可能发生过) 例句:The ground is wet.It might have rained last night.(地面湿了,昨晚可能下雨了。)(推测过去可 能发生的事) (2)表虚拟:强调”与事实相反的假设”(实际未发生) 例句:You could have caught the bus if you had run faster..(如果你跑快点,本能赶上公交车的。)(实 际未赶上,与事实相反) 语境判断关键:是否存在”假设条件(f从句)或”未实现的遗憾” 含f条件句或隐含”本应/本可”含义时,为虚拟语气: 仅陈述对过去事件的可能性判断时,为推测用法。 考法二:情态动词+have done表推测的基本用法辨析 核心:根据语境中推测的可能性程度(肯定/否定/不确定)及是否表虚拟,选择正确的情态动词 真题1(语法填空): The ground is dry,so it (rain)last night. 答案:couldn't have rained 解析:由'地面是干的”可知对过去情况进行否定推测,可能性较大,用couldn't have done;rain的 过去分词为rained。 真题2(单项选择): She」 the exam if she had studied harder,but she didn't. A.must have passed B.should have passed C.could have passed D.may have passed 答案:C 解析:由f条件句及but she didn't?可知表虚拟语气,意为”本可能通过但实际未通过,用could have done,选C。 高中必修第二册重庆大学版 【寒假专版】 A版知识点全解 考法三:情态动词+have done表推测与自然灾害语境的结合应用 核心:结合自然灾害相关词汇及语境,运用情态动词+have done结构进行过去情况的推测,辨析 不同情态动词的语气差异及语义区别。 真题1(单项选择): The village was hit by a strong earthquake last night.They escaped in time,or there would be more deaths A.must have B.can have C.might have D.needn't have 答案:A 解析:根据”村庄昨晚遭遇强地震,否则会有更多伤亡”的语境,此处表肯定推测?他们一定及时 逃生了”,must have done表'肯定做过”,符合语境:can have done仅用于否定句和疑问句,might have done可能性较低,needn't have done表'本不必做却做了”,均不符合。 真题2(语法填空): The rescuers said the mudslide (destroy)the bridge before they arrived.Local people couldn't cross the river. 答案:must have destroyed 解析:根据'救援人员到达前桥已无法通行'的语境,此处需用情态动词+have done表对过去情况 的肯定推测,”一定摧毁了”用must have destroyed,符合'mudslide(泥石流)”与”destroy(摧毁) ”的搭配及推测语气。 解题小妙招 情态动词have done妙招 推测虚拟看语境,假设遗憾是虚拟: 肯定推测用must,否定推测couldn't: 虚拟语气表未做,could have最常见; 可能性小用might,本不必做needn't: 过去事实作依据,情态之后加have done。 6

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