U4 作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动词 - ed 形式-2025-2026学年高中英语必修三语法知识点全解（译林版）

高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 动词-ed形式全解 语法专版 【专题】作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动 词-ed形式 必修3Unit4核心语法 考频分析 译林版必修3-U4中，作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动词-d形式是重要语法点，考频占语法总量的 15%左右，主要分布在核心题型：单项选择1-2题、完形填空2-3题、语法填空2题、阅读理解（涉 及长难句分析)。在语境运用类题目中，动词-d形式与逻辑主语的关系及句法功能辨析是解题关 键。 考查内容 ·功能辨析：作定语时与所修饰名词的被动关系（如broken window)、作状语时表示被动或完成意义 (如Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful)、作宾语补足语时补充说明宾语的状态（如I had my hair cut) 。结构特征：前置定语（单个-d形式）与后置定语（短语形式）的位置差异，状语在句中可置于句 首、句中或句尾的灵活布局 。语境应用：在阅读理解中识别-d形式的句法功能，在书面表达中正确运用-ed形式丰富句式（如作 状语表原因、条件等)，以及与现在分词(-ing形式)的被动意义对比（如fallen leaves与falling leaves) 知识点一：作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动词-d形式 1.作定语（修饰名词，表被动或完成） 1.前置定语（单个-ed形式)： 。结构：动词-ed形式+名词 ·例句：He picked up a broken glass.(broken修饰glass,表完成) 2.后置定语（短语形式）： ·结构：名词+动词-ed形式短语 1 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 动词-ed形式全解 。例句：The students invited to the party are from Class3.(invited..修饰students,表被动) 2.作状语（修饰句子，表时间、原因、条件、伴随等） 1.时间状语： ·结构：动词-ed形式（短语），主句 。例句：Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks beautiful..(相当于When the city is seen from the hill) 2.原因状语： 。结构：动词-ed形式（短语），主句 ●例句：Shocked by the news,.she couldn't say a word.(相当于Because she was shocked by the news) 3.伴随状语： ·结构：主句，动词-ed形式（短语） ·例句：The teacher came in,followed by his students.(followed与came同时发生) 3.作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语，与宾语构成被动关系） l.常见动词：have(让)、get(使)、keep(保持)、see(看见)find(发现) 2.结构：主语+谓语动词+宾语+动词-ed形式 3.例句： ·I had my bike repaired yesterday.(repaired补充说明bike,表被动) 。We found the door locked when we arrived.(locked补充说明door,表状态) 知识点二：动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语 1.动词-ed形式作定语 1.前置定语（单个-ed分词)： ·结构：动词-ed形式+名词 。例句： l.a broken cup（破碎的杯子；broken表完成) 2.the excited children(兴奋的孩子们：excited表状态) 2.后置定语（短语或复杂意义）： ●结构：名词+动词-ed形式短语 2 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 动词-ed形式全解 。例句： 1.The book written by Lu Xun is very popular.(written by Lu Xun=which was written by Lu Xun) 2.I have a friend called Tom.(called Tom=who is called Tom) 2.动词-ed形式作状语 1.时间状语 ·结构：动词-ed形式（短语），主句 ●例句：Heated,.ice will turn into water..(相当于When ice is heated) 2.原因状语： ·结构：动词-ed形式（短语)，主句 。例句：Tired from work,he went to bed early.(相当于Because he was tired from work) 3.伴随状语： ·结构：主句，动词-ed形式（短语） ●例句：They sat there,silent,,lost in thought.(lost表伴随状态) 3.动词-ed形式作宾语补足语 1.常见结构： ●主语+谓语动词+宾语+动词-ed形式 ·例句：We saw the thief caught by the police.(caught补充说明thief的动作) 2.被动语态中的主补： ·结构：主语+be+动词-ed形式（主补） ·例句：The thief was seen caught by the police.(caught由宾补变为主补) 知识点三：作定语、状语和宾语补足语的动词-ed形式 1.作定语 1.基础用法： ·单个-ed形式作定语（前置）→例句：The broken window was repaired yesterday. ·短语-ed形式作定语（后置)→例句：I like the book written by Mo Yan. 2.作状语 1.常见功能： 3 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 动词-ed形式全解 。表被动→例句：Seen from the hill,the city looks beautiful. ●表完成→例句：Tired from work,he went straight to bed.. 。表条件→例句：Given more time,.we can finish the task better. 3.作宾语补足语 1.常见动词搭配： 。have sth.done→例句：I had my hair cut yesterday 。make sth.done→例句：He made his voice heard in the meeting 。keep sth.done→例句：Keep the door closed,please. 。find sth.done→例句：She found her bag stolen on the bus.. 解题小妙招 非谓语解题妙招 非谓作主-ing行，it作形式主语跟： 主被动看逻辑，主动-ing被动-ed: 进行状态-ing表，完成意味-ed显： 作定作状先辨主，感受-ing物-ed人： 固定搭配要记牢，enjoy后接-ing真。 考法精析 考法一：非谓语动词-ing形式作主语的用法 核心：识别-g形式直接作主语或用于it作形式主语的结构，判断谓语动词单复数及句式正确性 真题1（语法填空）： -(read)English novels is a good way to improve vocabulary. 答案：Reading 解析：此处需用动词-ing形式作主语，ead的-ing形式为reading,位于句首首字母大写。 真题2（单项选择)： It is no use_about the exam result now. A.worry B.to worry C.worrying D.worried 答案：C 解析：“It is no use doing sth.”为固定句型，意为“做某事没有用”，此处应用-ing形式作真正主语， 故选C。 4 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 动词-ed形式全解 考法二：非谓语动词-ed与-ing形式作定语、状语的对比辨析 核心：根据被修饰词与非谓语动词的主被动关系及动作状态（主动/被动、进行/完成），选择正确 的-ed或-ing形式 真题1（语法填空）： The girl_(read)under the tree is my best friend.She enjoys_(lose)herself in books. 答案：reading;losing 解析：第一空，girl与read是主动关系且动作正在进行，用-ing形式reading作后置定语：第二空， enjoy后接动词-ing形式作宾语，lose的-ing形式为losing。 真题2（单项选择)： -by the beautiful scenery,the tourists decided to stay for another two days. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Be attracted 答案：B 解析：主语tourists与attract是被动关系“被吸引”，用-ed形式Attracted作原因状语，相当于Because they were attracted... 考法三：动词-ed形式与-ing形式的综合运用及语法功能辨析 核心：结合语境区分动词-ed形式与-ig形式作定语、状语、宾语补足语的用法，判断主动/被动关 系及动作状态（完成/进行） 真题1（单项选择)： by the beautiful scenery,the visitors decided to stay for another day. A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To attract D.Attract 答案：B 解析：句中主语“the visitors”与动词“attract”是被动关系（被美景吸引），应用-ed形式作原因状 语，相当于“Because they were attracted by.”,故选B。 真题2（语法填空)： I heard the song-(sing)many times and now I can sing it myself. 答案：sung 解析：“song”与“sing”是被动关系（被演唱），此处-ed形式“sung”作宾语补足语，补充说明宾 语“song”的动作状态，符合“hear+宾语+-ed形式（表被动）”结构。 真题演练 演练一：单项选择试题（共10题） 1.The novel by Mo Yan has been translated into 30 languages. 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 动词-ed形式全解 A.write B.writing C.written D.to write 2._in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the local police. A.Lost B.Losing C.Having lost D.Being lost 3.It's no goodover spilt milk.We should focus on the next step. A.cry B.to cry C.crying D.cried 4.The teacher caught the boy_answers from his deskmate during the exam. A.copy B.copying C.copied D.to copy 5.the early bus,he got up at 5 a.m.and hurried to the station. A.Catching B.Caught C.To catch D.Catch 6.The_children rushed out of the classroom as soon as the bell rang. A.exciting B.excited C.excite D.excitement 7.I have a lot of work,so I can't go out with you tonight. A.to do B.doing C.done D.do 8.-the project on time,the team worked day and night for three weeks A.Completing B.To complete C.Completed D.Having completed 9.The lecture was sothat most students fell asleep halfway A.bored B.boring C.bore D.to bore 10.The machineby the engineer now will be put into use next month. A.repairing B.being repaired C.repaired D.to repair 演练二：填空试题（共10题） 1.The girl(sit)by the window is my sister.She loves_(read)science fiction. 2.-(inspire)by her story,many young people decided to follow their dreams. 3.I heard someone_(sing)in the next room when I passed by. 4.The meeting_(hold)yesterday was about environmental protection. 5.(learn)a foreign language requires patience and practice 6.The old man was found(lie)on the ground when we walked past the park. 7.The book-(publish)last year has become a bestseller. 8.She spent the whole afternoon(prepare)for the interview. 9.(not know)his address,I couldn't send him the invitation letter. 10.The workers had the machine(check)carefully before starting the production. 演练三：语法填空试题（共10空） 6 高中必修3译林版 【语法专版】 动词-ed形式全解 主题：Online Learning Online learning has become a popular way of education,especially after the pandemic.-(study)online offers flexibility,allowing students to learn at their own pace.However,it also brings challenges,such as (maintain)self-discipline without face-to-face supervision. Many students find online courses_(challenge)because they lack interaction with teachers and classmates. (solve)this problem,some platforms have introduced live discussion rooms,where students can share ideas and ask questions.Teachers often record lectures in advance,_(make)it possible for students to review difficult parts repeatedly. Last month,a survey_(conduct)among 2,000 students showed that 75%preferred online learning for its convenience.One student said,"I enjoy(leamn)at home because I can manage my time better." However,some students admitted(feel)lonely without classmates around. To improve online learning,experts suggest(combine)online and offline activities.For example,teachers can assign group projects-(complete)both online and in person.With proper planning,online learning can be an effective and enjoyable experience. 答案区 演练-：1.C2.A3.C4.B5.C6B7.A8B9.B10.B 1.sitting;reading 2.Inspired 3.singing 4.held 5.Learning 6.lying 7.published 8.preparing 9.Not knowing 10.checked 1.Studying 2.maintaining 3.challenging 4.To solve 5.making 6.conducted 7.learning 8.feeling 9.combining 10.to complete 7